Objective:To translate the Self-Confidence Scale for Clean Intermittent Self-Catheterization (SCSCISC) into Chinese and test its reliability and validity.Methods:Following the Brislin questionnaire translation principles, the English version of SCCSISC was translated, back translated, culturally adapted, consulted with experts, and pre-surveyed to form the Chinese version of SCCSISC. From June to September 2023, 237 patients with neurogenic bladder admitted to the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were selected as survey subjects by the convenient sampling method. The critical ratio method was used for project analysis, and Cronbach's α coefficient, split half reliability, and test-retest reliability were used to evaluate the reliability of the scale. Content validity and construct validity were used to test the validity of the scale.Results:The Cronbach's α coefficient of the Chinese version of SCCSISC was 0.976, the split half coefficient was 0.962, and the test-retest reliability was 0.876. The item-level content validity index ( I- CVI) of the Chinese version of SCCSISC was 0.86 to 1.00, and the scale-level content validity index ( S- CVI) was 0.93, with Kappa consistency coefficients above 0.74. Two common factors were extracted through exploratory factor analysis, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 73.42%. Conclusions:The Chinese version of SCCSISC has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a tool for self-confidence measurement of clean intermittent self-catheterization among patients with neurogenic bladder in China.

Objective:To explore the role of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) combined with extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO 2R) in the treatment of children with respiratory failure. Methods:The clinical data of 12 children with respiratory failure who were treated with CRRT+ECCO 2R in PICU of Jinan Children's Hospital from July 2020 to August 2022 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The outcomes and the external pipeline usage of the patients were observed, and the blood gas analysis and ventilator parameters before 1 h and after 1, 6, 12 and 24 h of the treatment were compared by one-way ANOVA with LSD post hoc correction. Results:Six patients successfully withdrew from CRRT+ECCO 2R and mechanical ventilation, three patients were transferred to ECMO treatment. Three cases died after voluntary withdrawal of treatment, and two cases died due to treatment failure. The mortality rate was 41.7%. After continuous treatment of CRRT+ECCO 2R for 15 to 112 h, two cases experienced extracorporeal circuit obstruction. After 1 h of treatment, PaCO 2 decreased from (64.67±24.4) mmHg to (49.42±15.54) mmHg, pH increased from (7.28±0.20) to (7.38±0.11), FiO 2 decreased from (0.85±0.13) to (0.78±0.15), PC decreased from (19.42±4.34) cmH 2O to (17.75±4.00) cmH 2O. After 24 h of treatment, PaCO 2 decreased to (39.2±5.55) mmHg, pH increased to (7.41±0.04), FiO 2 decreased to (0.46±0.11), and PC decreased to (13.8±3.36) cmH 2O, and the differences were statistically significant compared with before treatment ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:The combination of CRRT and ECCO 2R therapy can safely substitute for partial lung ventilation/perfusion function, and play a role in protecting right heart function and improving lung-kidney interaction. It can be considered as an option for extracorporeal respiratory, circulatory, and renal support, and consequently has broad prospects.

Objective:To translate the Intermittent Catheterization Difficulty Questionnaire (ICDQ) into Chinese, and to test its reliability and validity in neurogenic bladder patients.Methods:After translation, back-translation, cross-cultural debugging, expert consultation and pre-investigation, a Chinese version of ICDQ was formed. A total of 248 patients with neurogenic bladder clean intermittent self-catheterization who were treated and followed up in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University in October 2022 were selected as research objects by the convenient sampling method, and the Chinese version of ICDQ was used for investigation. The critical ratio method was used for project analysis. Content validity and structure validity were used to test the validity of the questionnaire. Cronbach's α coefficient, split half reliability coefficient and retest reliability coefficient were used to test the reliability of the questionnaire. A total of 248 questionnaires were sent out in this study, and 238 were effectively collected, with a recovery rate of 95.97% (238/248) .Results:The Cronbach's α coefficient of the Chinese version of ICDQ was 0.857, the split half coefficient was 0.711, and the retest reliability coefficient was 0.954. The content validity index of the Chinese version of ICDQ item level was 0.860 to 1.000, and the content validity index of the scale level was 0.930. Seven common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 77.38%. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed RMSEA < 0.080, GFI, AGFI, TLI, CFI > 0.800. Conclusions:Through confirmatory factor analysis, the Chinese version of ICDQ shows that the model fitting indicators of the scale meet the corresponding requirements, indicating that the scale has high structural validity and overall model fitting. It can be used as an evaluation tool for intermittent self catheterization difficulties in patients with neurogenic bladder.

【Objective】 To investigate the hepatitis E virus(HEV) infection among voluntary blood donors in Liuzhou, Guangxi. 【Methods】 Qualified blood donations in Liuzhou from October to November 2019 were tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM and.HEV antigen. HEV RNA test was performed on samples positive for HEV antigen and/or anti-HEV IgM. and the test results were analyzed statistically. 【Results】 The seroprevalence rates of HEV antigen and anti-HEV IgG and IgM among 5 751 qualified donations were 0, 26.03% (1497/5 751), and 1.67% (96/5 751), respectively.None of the 91 anti-HEV IgM positive samples was positive for HEV RNA, whereas 60.41% of anti-HEV IgM positive samples were anti-HEV IgG positive. The HEV antibody prevalence varied significantly by gender, age, and nationality (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The prevalence of anti-HEV IgG / IgM among blood donors in Liuzhou was higher than that in other domestic regions. Significant increase in HEV antibody prevalence was observed among ethnic minorities, such as Miao and Dong, and age group of more than 45 years.Follow-up studies with larger sample size could be conducted to estimate potential risks of HEV transmission by blood transfusion, which may provide references for selective screening of HEV infection marker among high-endemic population.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors and mechanism of job satisfaction of medical staff based on grounded theory.Methods:A total of 33 literatures published in CNKI from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 were retrieved with the theme of " job satisfaction of medical staff" . By using NVivo 11.0 software, the 33 literatures were qualitatively analyzed, and the main categories influencing the job satisfaction of medical staff were obtained, and the action mechanism model was integrated on this basis.Results:The influencing factors of medical staff′s job satisfaction were summarized into 6 first-class nodes: work ecology, hospital management, basic health care, occupational cognition, individual characteristics and external environment. Among them, work ecology was the direct influence factor; hospital management was the key influencing factor, which played an important role in the work ecology; basic health care was the safeguard factor, which was affected by the work ecology; occupation cognition was the internal driving factor, individual characteristic was the internal uncontrollable factor, external environment was the external uncontrollable factor.Conclusions:In order to improve the job satisfaction of medical staff, we should optimize the work ecology, promote the innovation of hospital management, ensure the health and safety, and pay attention to the internalization of professional values.

Objective:To explore the effect of comprehensive gastrointestinal training on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after radical cystectomy (Bricker′s operation).Methods:Seventy-one elderly bladder cancer patients who had undergone Bricker′s operation were randomly divided into a control group of 34 and an observation group of 37. Both groups were given routine treatment, while the observation group was additionally provided with comprehensive gastrointestinal training immediately after the operation. Plasma gastrin was measured before the operation and on the 1st and 3rd day afterward. The return of peristaltic sounds, the exhausting and defecation time, the incidence of intestinal obstruction and the average hospital stay were recorded. On the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after the operation, both groups′ gastrointestinal functioning was scored by using Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS).Results:The levels of plasma gastrin in the observation group were significantly higher than before the surgery and significantly higher than those in the control group on the 1st and 3rd day after the surgery, though there had been no significant difference between the two groups before the operation. Compared with the control group, peristaltic sounds returned significantly earlier in the observation group (after 1.22±0.15d), and the group′s exhaust time (1.88±0.22d) and first defecation time (2.95±0.19d) were also better. The incidence of intestinal obstruction (23.53%) was significantly lower in the observation group as well. The observation group recorded lower average GSRS values than the control group throughout the observation and follow-up periods, and their average hospital stay was significantly shorter.Conclusion:Comprehensive gastrointestinal training can effectively promote recovery after radical bladder cystectomy.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been an important tool for scientists to study epilepsy and evaluate the treatment of epilepsy for half a century, since epilepsy seizures are caused by the diffusion of excessive discharge of brain neurons. This paper reviews the clinical application of scalp EEG in the treatment of intractable epilepsy with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in the past 30 years. It mainly introduces the prediction of the therapeutic effect of VNS on intractable epilepsy based on EEG characteristics and the effect of VNS on EEG of patients with intractable epilepsy, and expounds some therapeutic mechanisms of VNS. For predicting the efficacy of VNS based on EEG characteristics, EEG characteristics such as epileptiform discharge, polarity of slow cortical potential changes, changes of EEG symmetry level and changes of EEG power spectrum are described. In view of the influence of VNS treatment on patients' EEG characteristics, the change of epileptiform discharge, power spectrum, synchrony, brain network and amplitude of event-related potential P300 are described. Although no representative EEG markers have been identified for clinical promotion, this review paves the way for prospective studies of larger patient populations in the future to better apply EEG to the clinical treatment of VNS, and provides ideas for predicting VNS efficacy, assessing VNS efficacy, and understanding VNS treatment mechanisms, with broad medical and scientific implications.
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Scalp ; Treatment Outcome ; Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Objective To analyze the changes of benign and malignant thyroid nodules during followup and to increase the diagnostic accuracy.Methods The ultrasonographic changes of 161 thyroid nodules confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed,including size,internal components,echogenicity,margin,microcalcification,anteroposterior to transverse dimension ratio(A/T) and the relationships with thyroid capsule,and the change of cervical lymph nodes.Results Ninety-three benign thyroid nodules and 68 malignant thyroid nodules were enrolled in this study,the changes in size,internal components,microcalcification,the relationships with glandular capsule,and cervical lymph nodes were significantly different (P ＜ 0.05),while the echogenicity,margin,and A/T were not significantly different,benign nodules changed more easily in size and internal components,while malignant nodules changed more easily in microcalcification.Both the nodules broken the thyroid capsule or cervical lymph nodes exhibited malignant signs suggest probable malignancy.Conclusions Analyzing the ultrasonographic changes during follow-up contributes to identify benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Objective To investigate hand hygiene awareness and performance for caretakers of children with chemotherapy, and explore effective intervention measures. Methods For 60 caretakers of children with chemotherapy in Hematology Department, we carried out a questionnaire survey of hand hygiene, and tracked the hand washing implementation. Also we carried on a six steps hand washing technique training for the caretakers, then compared and analyzed the hand washing qualified rate before and after the technique training. Results The hand washing cognitive rate of the caretakers when they directly contacting with sick children and before feeding food or medicine for sick children were 88. 33% and 93. 33% , and the implementation rate of those situation were 76. 67% and 89. 13% respectively. In addition, the hand washing cognitive rates of before contacting sick children′s objects and after contacting other people (including other sick children) were just 21. 67% and 41. 67% , and the implementation rates were 14. 89% and 28. 95%respectively. Before and after the six steps hand washing technique training, the bacterial colony count of the caretakers hands were (82. 36 ± 53. 32)cfu/ cm2 and (16. 21 ± 18. 83)cfu/ cm2 (t = 9. 061,P < 0. 01), but after training, the pathogenic bacteria detection rate was 31. 67% and the qualified rates 61. 67% with statistical difference (χ2 = 28. 420,27. 638, respectively; P < 0. 01). Conclusions The hand hygiene cognition for caretakers of children with chemotherapy is relatively low, and the implementation and hand washing qualified rate are unacceptable. The health education propaganda of hand hygiene and hand washing technique training for caretakers should be further strengthen. Hospital should supervise and urge the hand hygiene implementation, in order to improve the hand washing qualified rate of caretakers, reduce the nosocomial infection through hand contact, and protect the health and safety of children with chemotherapy.

Objective To explore the influence of whole-course individualized nursing intervention on treatment compliance among intractable epilepsy children with ketogenic diet therapy.Methods 80 intractable epilepsy patients with ketogenic diet therapy were divided into the control group and the experimental group with 40 cases in each group.The routine nursing was given to the control group.On basis of routine nursing,whole-course individualized nursing intervention was given to the experimental group.The investigation was carried out before and after intervention in two groups by using self-designed questionnaire.The treatment compliance and therapeutic effect were compared between two groups.Results The treatment compliance and therapeutic effect were significantly alleviated in the experimental group compared with the control group in the third,sixth and twelfth months.Conclusions The whole-course individualized nursing intervention can improve the parental awareness of the disease,enhance their confidence and determination to adhere to the treatment,improve their treatment compliance,thereby improve the effect of treatment.