Background::Stroke is the leading cause of mortality. This study aimed to investigate the association between stroke, comorbidities, and activity of daily living (ADL) among older adults in the United States.Methods::Participants were 1165 older adults aged 60 and older from two waves (2016 and 2018) of the Health and Retirement Study who had a stroke. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographic information and comorbidities. Logistic regressions and multiple regression analyses were used to determine associations between stroke, comorbidities, and ADL.Results::The mean age was 75.32 ± 9.5 years, and 55.6% were female. An adjusted analysis shows that older stroke adults living with diabetes as comorbidity are significantly associated with difficulty in dressing, walking, bedding, and toileting. Moreover, depression was significantly associated with difficulty in dressing, walking, bathing, eating, and bedding. At the same time, heart conditions and hypertension as comorbidity were rarely associated with difficulty in ADL. After adjusting for age and sex, heart condition and depression are significantly associated with seeing a doctor for stroke (odds ratio [OR]: 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–0.91; p= 0.01) and stroke therapy (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.25–0.84; p = 0.01). Finally, stroke problem (unstandardized β [ B] = 0.58, p = 0.017) and stroke therapy ( B = 1.42, p < 0.001) significantly predict a lower level of independence. Conclusion::This study could benefit healthcare professionals in developing further interventions to improve older stroke adults' lives, especially those with a high level of dependence.

Background::Stroke is the leading cause of mortality. This study aimed to investigate the association between stroke, comorbidities, and activity of daily living (ADL) among older adults in the United States.Methods::Participants were 1165 older adults aged 60 and older from two waves (2016 and 2018) of the Health and Retirement Study who had a stroke. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographic information and comorbidities. Logistic regressions and multiple regression analyses were used to determine associations between stroke, comorbidities, and ADL.Results::The mean age was 75.32 ± 9.5 years, and 55.6% were female. An adjusted analysis shows that older stroke adults living with diabetes as comorbidity are significantly associated with difficulty in dressing, walking, bedding, and toileting. Moreover, depression was significantly associated with difficulty in dressing, walking, bathing, eating, and bedding. At the same time, heart conditions and hypertension as comorbidity were rarely associated with difficulty in ADL. After adjusting for age and sex, heart condition and depression are significantly associated with seeing a doctor for stroke (odds ratio [OR]: 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–0.91; p= 0.01) and stroke therapy (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.25–0.84; p = 0.01). Finally, stroke problem (unstandardized β [ B] = 0.58, p = 0.017) and stroke therapy ( B = 1.42, p < 0.001) significantly predict a lower level of independence. Conclusion::This study could benefit healthcare professionals in developing further interventions to improve older stroke adults' lives, especially those with a high level of dependence.

Background::Stroke is a principal cause of mortality and disability globally. Numerous studies have contributed to the knowledge base regarding self-management interventions among chronic disease patients, but there are few such studies for patients with stroke. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze self-management interventions among stroke patients. This scoping review aimed to systematically identify and describe randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of self-management interventions for adults with stroke.Methods::A review team carried out a scoping review on stroke and self-management interventions based on the methodology of Arksey and O'Malley, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus Full Text, Medline Plus Full Text, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to July 2020.Results::Fifty-four RCTs were included. The most popular study design is comparing a self-management intervention to usual care or waitlist control condition. Physical activity is the most common intervention topic, and interventions were mainly delivered face to face. The majority of interventions were located in inpatient and multiple settings. Interventions were conducted by various providers, with nurses the most common provider group. Symptom management was the most frequently reported outcome domain that improved.Conclusions::Self-management interventions benefit the symptom management of stroke patients a lot. The reasonable time for intervention is at least 6-12 months. Multifarious intervention topics, delivery formats, and providers are adopted mostly to meet the multiple needs of this population. Physical activity was the most popular topic currently. Studies comparing the effect of different types of self-management interventions are required in the future.

Background::Stroke is a principal cause of mortality and disability globally. Numerous studies have contributed to the knowledge base regarding self-management interventions among chronic disease patients, but there are few such studies for patients with stroke. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze self-management interventions among stroke patients. This scoping review aimed to systematically identify and describe randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of self-management interventions for adults with stroke.Methods::A review team carried out a scoping review on stroke and self-management interventions based on the methodology of Arksey and O'Malley, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus Full Text, Medline Plus Full Text, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to July 2020.Results::Fifty-four RCTs were included. The most popular study design is comparing a self-management intervention to usual care or waitlist control condition. Physical activity is the most common intervention topic, and interventions were mainly delivered face to face. The majority of interventions were located in inpatient and multiple settings. Interventions were conducted by various providers, with nurses the most common provider group. Symptom management was the most frequently reported outcome domain that improved.Conclusions::Self-management interventions benefit the symptom management of stroke patients a lot. The reasonable time for intervention is at least 6-12 months. Multifarious intervention topics, delivery formats, and providers are adopted mostly to meet the multiple needs of this population. Physical activity was the most popular topic currently. Studies comparing the effect of different types of self-management interventions are required in the future.