OBJECTIVES: To investigate the mechanism mediating the regulatory effect of miR-155-5p on proliferation of human submandibular gland epithelial cells (HSGECs) in primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS: Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-155-5p and the PI3K/AKT pathway. In a HSGEC model of pSS induced by simulation with TRAIL and INF-γ, the effects of miR-155-inhibitor-NC or miR-155 inhibitor on cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis and proliferation were evaluated using CKK8 assay, flow cytometry and colony formation assay. ELISA and RT-PCR were used to detect the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and miR-155-5p mRNA in the cells; Western blotting was performed to detect the expressions of proteins in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. RESULTS: Dual luciferase assay showed that miR-155-5p targets the PI3K/AKT pathway via PIK3R1 mRNA. The HSGEC model of pSS showed significantly decreased cell viability, cell clone formation ability and expressions IL-10 and IL-4 and increased cell apoptosis, cell percentage in G2 phase, expressions of TNF‑α, IL-6, miR-155-5p and PIK3R1 mRNA, p-PI3K/PI3K ratio, p-Akt/AKT ratio, and PIK3R1 protein expression. Treatment of the cell models with miR-155 inhibitor significantly increased the cell viability, G1 phase cell percentage, colony formation ability, and expressions of IL-10 and IL-4 levels, and obviously reduced cell apoptosis rate, G2 phase cell percentage, expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, miR-155-5p and PIK3R1 mRNA, p-PI3K/PI3K ratio, p-AKT/AKT ratio, and PIK3R1 protein expression. CONCLUSIONS In HSGEC model of pSS, inhibition of miR-155-5p can promote cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis by targeting PI3K1 mRNA to negatively regulate the overexpression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Cell Proliferation ; Signal Transduction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Sjogren's Syndrome/pathology* ; Epithelial Cells/cytology* ; Submandibular Gland/cytology* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Apoptosis ; Class Ia Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase ; Cells, Cultured

BACKGROUNDMiniature pig (minipig) is increasingly used as a large animal model for a variety of biomedical studies. Little information is available in the literature on anatomy, histology and sialograghy of the submandibular gland of the minipig. The purpose of this study was to characterize the morphology of a miniature pig's (minipig) submandibular gland as a large animal model for further biomedical studies.

METHODSFive minipigs were subjected to sialographic, anatomic, histologic, histochemical and ultrastructural evaluations for submandibular glands.

RESULTSSialograms showed a long, horizontal main excretory duct and a pear-shaped gland located inferoposterior to the angle of the mandible. The submandibular glands lied superficial to the suprahyoid, and infrahyoid muscle groups, and were covered by the inferior portion of the parotid gland. The submandibular glands were characterized by a mixed parenchyma of mucous and serous secretory acini. Alcian blue (AB) staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reactions demonstrated that minipig submandibular glands synthesized and secreted acid mucous substances by serous cells and polysaccharide, and neutral mucous substances, by mucous cells.

CONCLUSIONThe submandibular gland of the minipig is considered a useful large salivary gland animal model for biomedical studies.

Animals ; Female ; Histocytochemistry ; Submandibular Gland ; chemistry ; cytology ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; anatomy & histology

No abstract available.
Animal ; Anions/metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Chloride Channels/genetics* ; Chloride Channels/analysis* ; Gene Expression/physiology ; Lacrimal Apparatus/cytology ; Lacrimal Apparatus/chemistry* ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Rats ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Submandibular Gland/cytology ; Submandibular Gland/chemistry*

No abstract available.
Animal ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Feedback/physiology ; Ligases/metabolism ; Mice ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Salivary Ducts/physiology* ; Salivary Ducts/cytology ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium Channels/metabolism* ; Submandibular Gland/physiology* ; Submandibular Gland/cytology

The occurrence of the submandibular duct reservoir was reported by Butcher (1972). Its form and functional volume (Schneyer, 1975) and the development of the submandibular complex (Kim, 1975) were studied. The shape of the cells in the epithelial lining of the reservoir had not been determined as yet. So via the techniques of histology and histochemical enzymatic activity, the epithelial lining and the function of the reservoir were investigated. The epithelial lining of the reservoir was not uniform in all regions. The proximal portion of the reservoir was lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium and the distal portion was lined by stratified columnar or cuboidal epithelium. Acid phosphatase activity in the epithelial lining of the reservoir was observed as well as in the acini, granular convoluted duct and striated duct of the submandibular gland proper.
Acid Phosphatase/metabolism ; Animal ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium/enzymology ; Rats/anatomy & histology* ; Submandibular Gland/anatomy & histology* ; Submandibular Gland/cytology