Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of abscisic acid(ABA)in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease(PD)mouse models.Methods Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups,control group(Ctrl),MPTP group,and MPTP+ABA group,12 mice in each group.Except for the control group,mice in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with MPTP 25 mg/kg daily for 8 consecutive days to establish a subacute PD model.The MPTP+ABA group received intraperitoneal injections of ABA 25 mg/kg daily for 11 consecutive days,starting 3 days prior to MPTP administration.Behavioral tests were performed 24 hours after the last administration.On day 3,the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNc)and striatum(STR)was analyzed by Western blotting,and mRNA levels of inflammatory factors were measured by Real-time PCR.Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the expression of TH,GFAP,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1).Results Compared with the control group,MPTP-treated mice exhibited impaired motor function,a reduced number of TH-positive dopaminergic neurons in the SNc,down-regulated TH protein expression in both the SNc and striatum,up-regulated GFAP protein expression,increased numbers of GFAP-and Iba1-positive cells,and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory factors.In contrast,the MPTP+ABA group showed improved motor function,increased TH-positive neurons in the SNc,up-regulated TH protein expression,down-regulated GFAP protein expression,reduced numbers of GFAP-and Iba1-positive cells,and decreased pro-inflammatory factor levels compared to the MPTP group.Conclusion ABA ameliorates motor dysfunction in MPTP-induced PD model mice,reduces degeneration and death of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc,suppresses the proliferation and activation of astrocytes and microglia in the SNc and striatum,and alleviates neuroinflammation.These results suggest that ABA exerts neuroprotective effects in MPTP-induced PD model mice.

Objective:To compare the clinical application of the anterolateral thigh perforator flap (ALTPF) and the calf pedicled propeller perforator flap (PPPF) in reconstruction of soft tissue defect of foot and ankle.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted. From March 2013 to June 2019, 48 patients with soft tissue defect around ankle and in foot were reconstructed with ALTPF and PPPF in the Department of Orthopaedics, 920th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force, People's Liberation Army of China. According to the types of flap, the patients were divided into 2 groups: ALTPF group (21 patients,13 males and 8 females, aged 16-67 years, mean 38.71 years±15.30 years. Donor sites were all directly sutured.) and PPPF group (27 patients, 12 males and 15 females, aged 12-69 years, mean 35.18 years±13.96 years. Five cases in the donor site required partial skin grafting, and the rest 22 cases were repaired by directly suture.). The wound size of the former was 5 cm×6 cm-15 cm×18 cm, and at 2 cm×3 cm-14 cm×17 cm for the latter. The surgical time and flap size of the 2 groups were recorded during the surgery. The survival and complications of the flap were observed, and the days of hospital stay were recorded after surgery. Follow-ups were conducted by outpatient clinic and via telephone and WeChat interviews. The colour, texture, appearance, donor scar, complications and thinning of the flap were observed during the follow-up. The ankle function was evaluated according to the score of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), and the donor scar was evaluated according to the score of Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for data analysis, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The surgical time for the ALTPF group was 118-203 (154.71±25.42) min, and that for the PPPF group was 52-92 (72.78±10.04) min. The size of the flap in the ALTPF group was 5 cm×8 cm-8 cm×18 cm (75.00 cm 2±8.69 cm 2), while it was 3 cm×7 cm-7 cm×17 cm (53.56 cm 2±19.49 cm 2) in the PPPF group. In the ALTPF group, 3 flaps had vascular complications within 24 hours after surgery, which survived after exploration and thrombectomy. Partial necrosis occurred in 1 flap. The rest 17 flaps survived uneventfully. In the PPPF group, 2 flaps had partial necrosis due to infection and they healed after dressing changes, 3 flaps had venous occlusion and survived after phlebotomy, partial suture removal and massage. The rest 22 flaps in 2 groups survived uneventfully. The postoperative days of hospital stay for the ALTPF group was 6-14 (8.71±2.03) days, and that was 4-12 (6.03±2.16) days in the PPPF group. Flap thinning was performed on 19 flaps in the ALTPF group and 2 in the PPPF group. Follow-up was performed for 7 to 21 months. All the flaps were good in colour, shape and texture. All donor sites healed well. At the final follow-up, 19 patients achieved ankle function of excellent, 1 of good and 1 of fair in the ALTPF group, and 21 patients achieved ankle function of excellent, 4 of good and 2 of fair in the PPPF group, according to the AOFAS. According to the VSS, scores of donor site scar was rated 4-8 (6.33±1.35) points for the ALTPF group, and 3-10 (5.92±1.80) points for the PPPF group. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of early postoperative complications, flap survival rate, ankle function, and VSS scores ( P>0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of surgical time, hospital stay, flap size, and the number of flap thinning ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Both ALTPF and PPPF have good clinical effects in reconstruction of soft tissue defect of foot and ankle. For small to medium-sized wounds, PPPF is the preferred choice due to the advantages in surgical time and postoperative hospital stay. For larger wounds, the ALTPF is the first choice with multiple surgery.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Pyrolae Herba and their activity against pathogenic bacteria associated with sports injuries.METHODS Silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 were used for isolation and purification,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The antibacterial activity was detected by filter paper method.RESULTS Twenty five compounds were isolated and identified as manuleoside H(1),5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-4,-methyl flavone(2),5-hydroxy-3,7,4'-methoxy-flavone(3),5-hydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxy-flavone(4),5,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-flavone(5),7.5,4'-trihydroxyflavone(6),ethyl vanillate(7),clovandiol(8),hydroxydihydrobovolide(9),zanthopyranone(10),eugenin(11),berchemol(12),3,7-dimethoxy-5,3',4'-trihydroxyflavone(13),2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone(14),rutalinium(15),formononetin(16),8-hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxy-isoflavones(17),isoline(18),dearabinosyl pneumonanthoside(19),3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid(20),2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone(21),p-isopropyl benzoic acid(22),geraldone(23),ethylsyringin(24),4-hydroxyphenylethyl-2'-hydroxypropionate(25).Compounds 8,10,12,16 and 24 showed bacteriostatic zone on pathogenic bacteria susceptible to sports injuries.CONCLUSION All the compounds are isolated from Pyrolae Herba for the first time.Compounds 8,10,12,16 and 24 have inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria susceptible to sports injuries.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Pyrolae Herba and their activity against pathogenic bacteria associated with sports injuries.METHODS Silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 were used for isolation and purification,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The antibacterial activity was detected by filter paper method.RESULTS Twenty five compounds were isolated and identified as manuleoside H(1),5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-4,-methyl flavone(2),5-hydroxy-3,7,4'-methoxy-flavone(3),5-hydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxy-flavone(4),5,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-flavone(5),7.5,4'-trihydroxyflavone(6),ethyl vanillate(7),clovandiol(8),hydroxydihydrobovolide(9),zanthopyranone(10),eugenin(11),berchemol(12),3,7-dimethoxy-5,3',4'-trihydroxyflavone(13),2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone(14),rutalinium(15),formononetin(16),8-hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxy-isoflavones(17),isoline(18),dearabinosyl pneumonanthoside(19),3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid(20),2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone(21),p-isopropyl benzoic acid(22),geraldone(23),ethylsyringin(24),4-hydroxyphenylethyl-2'-hydroxypropionate(25).Compounds 8,10,12,16 and 24 showed bacteriostatic zone on pathogenic bacteria susceptible to sports injuries.CONCLUSION All the compounds are isolated from Pyrolae Herba for the first time.Compounds 8,10,12,16 and 24 have inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria susceptible to sports injuries.

Objective To explore the effect of a multicomponent exercise and cognitive stimulation program in elderly patients with mental disorders and sarcopenia,so as to provide references for reducing the risk of falls,preventing and improving sarcopenia,and enhancing cognitive function in patients.Methods The multi-component exercise and cognitive stimulation program was formulated through literature review and expert meeting.In this quasi-experimental study,76 elderly patients with mental disorders and sarcopenia who were hospitalized in a tertiary mental health center in Shanghai from January 2023 to February 2024 were selected as research subjects.They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group according to their hospitalization building number(38 cases in each group).The experimental group was treated with multicomponent exercise combined with cognitive stimulation program based on routine nursing,and the control group was treated with routine nursing.The risk of falls,skeletal muscle mass,muscle strength,physical function,cognitive function,and incidence of adverse events were compared between 2 groups after 12 weeks of intervention.Results A total of 75 patients with 37 in the control group and 38 in the experimental group completed the study.The TUG time,6M walking speed and the score of Short Physical Performance Bettery of the experimental group were all lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05),and the scores of skeletal muscle mass,muscle strength,calf circumference,physical function and cognitive function of the experimental group were all higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).Neither group experienced any adverse events.Conclusion The application of this multicomponent exercise combined cognitive stimulation program developed for elderly patients with mental disorders and sarcopenia can effectively reduce the risk of falls,enhance the skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength and improve the cognitive function in elderly patients with mental disorders and sarcopenia.

Objective To explore the effect of a multicomponent exercise and cognitive stimulation program in elderly patients with mental disorders and sarcopenia,so as to provide references for reducing the risk of falls,preventing and improving sarcopenia,and enhancing cognitive function in patients.Methods The multi-component exercise and cognitive stimulation program was formulated through literature review and expert meeting.In this quasi-experimental study,76 elderly patients with mental disorders and sarcopenia who were hospitalized in a tertiary mental health center in Shanghai from January 2023 to February 2024 were selected as research subjects.They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group according to their hospitalization building number(38 cases in each group).The experimental group was treated with multicomponent exercise combined with cognitive stimulation program based on routine nursing,and the control group was treated with routine nursing.The risk of falls,skeletal muscle mass,muscle strength,physical function,cognitive function,and incidence of adverse events were compared between 2 groups after 12 weeks of intervention.Results A total of 75 patients with 37 in the control group and 38 in the experimental group completed the study.The TUG time,6M walking speed and the score of Short Physical Performance Bettery of the experimental group were all lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05),and the scores of skeletal muscle mass,muscle strength,calf circumference,physical function and cognitive function of the experimental group were all higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).Neither group experienced any adverse events.Conclusion The application of this multicomponent exercise combined cognitive stimulation program developed for elderly patients with mental disorders and sarcopenia can effectively reduce the risk of falls,enhance the skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength and improve the cognitive function in elderly patients with mental disorders and sarcopenia.

Objective:To compare the clinical application of the anterolateral thigh perforator flap (ALTPF) and the calf pedicled propeller perforator flap (PPPF) in reconstruction of soft tissue defect of foot and ankle.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted. From March 2013 to June 2019, 48 patients with soft tissue defect around ankle and in foot were reconstructed with ALTPF and PPPF in the Department of Orthopaedics, 920th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force, People's Liberation Army of China. According to the types of flap, the patients were divided into 2 groups: ALTPF group (21 patients,13 males and 8 females, aged 16-67 years, mean 38.71 years±15.30 years. Donor sites were all directly sutured.) and PPPF group (27 patients, 12 males and 15 females, aged 12-69 years, mean 35.18 years±13.96 years. Five cases in the donor site required partial skin grafting, and the rest 22 cases were repaired by directly suture.). The wound size of the former was 5 cm×6 cm-15 cm×18 cm, and at 2 cm×3 cm-14 cm×17 cm for the latter. The surgical time and flap size of the 2 groups were recorded during the surgery. The survival and complications of the flap were observed, and the days of hospital stay were recorded after surgery. Follow-ups were conducted by outpatient clinic and via telephone and WeChat interviews. The colour, texture, appearance, donor scar, complications and thinning of the flap were observed during the follow-up. The ankle function was evaluated according to the score of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), and the donor scar was evaluated according to the score of Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for data analysis, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The surgical time for the ALTPF group was 118-203 (154.71±25.42) min, and that for the PPPF group was 52-92 (72.78±10.04) min. The size of the flap in the ALTPF group was 5 cm×8 cm-8 cm×18 cm (75.00 cm 2±8.69 cm 2), while it was 3 cm×7 cm-7 cm×17 cm (53.56 cm 2±19.49 cm 2) in the PPPF group. In the ALTPF group, 3 flaps had vascular complications within 24 hours after surgery, which survived after exploration and thrombectomy. Partial necrosis occurred in 1 flap. The rest 17 flaps survived uneventfully. In the PPPF group, 2 flaps had partial necrosis due to infection and they healed after dressing changes, 3 flaps had venous occlusion and survived after phlebotomy, partial suture removal and massage. The rest 22 flaps in 2 groups survived uneventfully. The postoperative days of hospital stay for the ALTPF group was 6-14 (8.71±2.03) days, and that was 4-12 (6.03±2.16) days in the PPPF group. Flap thinning was performed on 19 flaps in the ALTPF group and 2 in the PPPF group. Follow-up was performed for 7 to 21 months. All the flaps were good in colour, shape and texture. All donor sites healed well. At the final follow-up, 19 patients achieved ankle function of excellent, 1 of good and 1 of fair in the ALTPF group, and 21 patients achieved ankle function of excellent, 4 of good and 2 of fair in the PPPF group, according to the AOFAS. According to the VSS, scores of donor site scar was rated 4-8 (6.33±1.35) points for the ALTPF group, and 3-10 (5.92±1.80) points for the PPPF group. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of early postoperative complications, flap survival rate, ankle function, and VSS scores ( P>0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of surgical time, hospital stay, flap size, and the number of flap thinning ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Both ALTPF and PPPF have good clinical effects in reconstruction of soft tissue defect of foot and ankle. For small to medium-sized wounds, PPPF is the preferred choice due to the advantages in surgical time and postoperative hospital stay. For larger wounds, the ALTPF is the first choice with multiple surgery.

The clinical data of one child with metanephric stromal tumor (MST) and BRAF V600E gene mutation admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in June 2022 was analyzed retrospectively.Literature was reviewed.The patient, a 2-year-old girl, was diagnosed with a tumor in the left abdomen.The maximum diameter of the tumor was 10.5 cm.A radical nephrectomy was performed on the left kidney, and postoperative pathology revealed MST.Microscopically, the tumor had no envelope and exhibited expansive growth.The tumor cells were fusiform or stellate, and nuclear division was visible in the cell-rich region.Dysplastic blood vessels were seen inside the tumor.The tumor cells around the blood vessels and invaginated renal tubules were arranged like onion skin.CD34 was detected positive by immunohistochemical staining, and BRAF V600E mutation was also detected positive by fluorescent polymerase chain reaction.A total of 21 relevant case reports were retrieved, including 16 in English and 5 in Chinese.Fifty-eight MST patients, including the one in this report were analyzed.These patients were aged 2 days to 15 years, with a median age of 2 years.Except for 2 patients with unknown sex, the ratio of male to female was about 1.4∶1.0.Most MST patients were asymptomatic, with an average tumor size of 5.3 cm.The tumor cell CD34 showed positive expression in different degrees.Eight patients received the BRAF V600E mutation detection, and the results were all positive.Fifty-eight patients underwent nephrectomy and were followed up for 0-156 months, of which 7 patients were assisted with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.During the follow-up, 1 patient died, and 1 patient had a relapse.MST is a rare benign renal stromal tumor. BRAF V600E mutations are detected in a variety of malignancies.This paper is the first to report MST with BRAF V600E mutation in China and points out the importance of molecular detection of BRAF mutation for accurate diagnosis of MST.

Objective To design a novel oxygenator to solve the existing problems of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)machine in high transmembrane pressure difference,low efficiency of blood oxygen exchange and susceptibility to thrombosis.Methods The main body of the oxygenator vascular access flow field was gifted with a flat cylindrical shape.The topology of the vascular access was modeled in three dimensions,and the whole flow field was cut into a blood inlet section,an inlet buffer,a heat exchange zone,a blood oxygen exchange zone,an outlet buffer and a blood outlet section.The oxygenator was compared with Quadrox oxygenator by means of ANSYS FLUENT-based simulation and prototype experiments.Results Simulation calculations showed the oxygenator designed was comparable to the clinically used ones in general,and gained advantages in transmembrane pressure difference,blood oxygen exchange and flow uniformity.Experimental results indicated that the oxygenator behaved better than Quadrox oxygenator in transmembrane pressure difference and blood oxygen exchange.Conclusion The oxygenator has advantages in transmem-brane pressure difference,temperature change,blood oxygen ex-change and low probability of thrombosis.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(3):23-28]

Wnt/β-catenin is a signaling pathway associated with embryonic development, organ formation, cancer, and fibrosis. Its activation can repair kidney damage during acute kidney injury (AKI) and accelerate the occurrence of renal fibrosis after chronic kidney disease (CKD). Interestingly, p53 has also been found as a key modulator in AKI and CKD in recent years. Meantime, some studies have found crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and p53, but more evidence is required on whether they have synergistic effects in renal disease progression. This article reviews the role and therapeutic targets of Wnt/β-catenin and p53 in AKI and CKD and proposes for the first time that Wnt/β-catenin and p53 have a synergistic effect in the treatment of renal injury.