This study aims to investigate the antipyretic effects and mechanisms of ethanol extracts from Arisaematis Rhizoma fermented with bile from different sources on a rat model of fever induced by a dry-yeast suspension. The rat model of fever was established by subcutaneous injection of 20% dry-yeast suspension into the rat back. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6) in the serum, as well as prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) in the hypothalamus, were determined by ELISA. Metabolomics analysis was then performed on serum and hypothalamus samples based on UPLC-Q-TOF MS to explore the potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways. The results showed that the body temperatures of rats significantly rose 4 h after modeling. After oral administration of high-dose ethanol extracts of Arisaematis Rhizoma fermented with bovine bile(NCH) and porcine bile(ZCH), the body temperatures of rats declined(P<0.05), and the NCH group showed better antipyretic effect than the ZCH group. Additionally, compared with the model group, the NCH and ZCH groups showed lowered levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PGE_2, and cAMP(P<0.01). The results of serum and hypothalamus metabolomics analysis indicated that both NCH and ZCH exerted antipyretic effects by regulating phenylalanine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Collectively, both NCH and ZCH can play an obvious antipyretic role in the rat model of dry yeast-induced fever, and the underlying mechanism might be closely associated with inhibiting inflammation and regulating metabolic disorders. Moreover, NCH demonstrates better antipyretic effect.
Animals ; Rats ; Male ; Fermentation ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Bile/chemistry* ; Antipyretics/chemistry* ; Fever/metabolism* ; Cattle ; Swine ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Ethanol/chemistry* ; Interleukin-6/blood* ; Interleukin-1beta/blood*

Based on the high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia rat model, this study aimed to evaluate the lipid-lowering effect of Arisaema Cum Bile and explore its mechanisms, providing experimental evidence for its clinical application. Biochemical analysis was used to detect serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), triglycerides(TG), and total cholesterol(TC) to assess the lipid-lowering activity of Arisaema Cum Bile. Additionally, 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics techniques were employed to jointly elucidate the lipid-lowering mechanisms of Arisaema Cum Bile. The experimental results showed that high-dose Arisaema Cum Bile(PBA-H) significantly reduced serum ALT, AST, LDL-C, TG, and TC levels(P<0.01), and significantly increased HDL-C levels(P<0.01). The effect was similar to that of fenofibrate, with no significant difference. Furthermore, Arisaema Cum Bile significantly alleviated hepatocyte ballooning and mitigated fatty degeneration in liver tissues. As indicated by 16S rDNA sequencing results, PBA-H significantly enhanced both alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiota in the model rats, notably increasing the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Subdoligranulum species(P<0.01). Liver metabolomics analysis revealed that PBA-H primarily regulated pathways involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, vitamin B_6 metabolism, and steroid biosynthesis. In summary, Arisaema Cum Bile significantly improved abnormal blood lipid levels and liver pathology induced by a high-fat diet, regulated hepatic metabolic disorders, and improved the abundance and structural composition of gut microbiota, thereby exerting its lipid-lowering effect. The findings of this study provide experimental evidence for the clinical application of Arisaema Cum Bile and the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Rats ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Hyperlipidemias/microbiology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Humans ; Alanine Transaminase/metabolism* ; Triglycerides/metabolism* ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism*

Ferroptosis is a unique regulated form of cell death that is distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, and other well-characterized regulated cell death types, and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of chronic metabolic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Recently, increasing evidence has supported traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a new hot spot for the treatment of chronic metabolic diseases by mediating ferroptosis. Unfortunately, few systematic reviews have described the importance of TCM in treating chronic metabolic diseases through the ferroptosis pathway. In the current review, the mechanism of ferroptosis and the roles of ferroptosis in chronic metabolic diseases are summarized. Additionally, this review illustrates that the regulation of ferroptosis by TCM could be an effective approach for treating chronic metabolic diseases based on experimental evidence and clinical application. In summary, this work will improve the understanding of ferroptosis and the ability of TCM to regulate ferroptosis in chronic metabolic diseases, thereby promoting the development and application of natural TCM.

Objective:To construct the sphingosine kinase 1(SPHK1)overexpression lentiviral vector,and to establish the SKOV3 lentiviral stable transfection cell line.Methods:According to the SPHK1 data information provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)database,the primers were designed and synthesized,the target gene was amplified,and connected to the GV492 plasmid treated with Bam HⅠ and AgeⅠ restriction enzymes to construct the SPHK1 overexpression lentiviral vector;the positive clones were selected for PCR and sequencing identification;the lentiviral plasmid and the lentiviral packaging auxiliary plasmid were co-transfected into the HEK-293T cells for packaging and titer determination;according to the measured optimal multiplicity of infection(MOI)of 10,the corresponding lentiviral amounts in various groups were transfected into the SKOV3 cells,and the SKOV3 cells were divided into blank group(without treatment),GV492 control group(GV492 control lentivirus infected SKOV3 cells),and GV492-SPHK1 overexpression group(GV492-SPHK1 overexpression lentivirus infected SKOV3 cells,ov-SPHK1 group);the optimal concentration of 2 mg·L-1 puromycin was used to screen the stably transfected SKOV3 cell line;after 48 h,the medium was changed and replaced with 1 mg·L-1 puromycin for screening for 14 d;the morphology and fluorescence expression of the cells were observed under fluorescence microscope;real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression levels of SPHK1 mRNA in the SKOV3 cells in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression level of SPHK1 protein in the SKOV3 cells in various groups.Results:The PCR sequencing results showed that the gene sequence of the SPHK1 overexpression lentiviral vector was completely consistent with the target sequence,and the SPHK1 overexpression lentiviral vector was successfully constructed;the titer determination results showed that the lentiviral titers in GV492 control group and ov-SPHK1 group were 5×1011 and 8×1011 TU·L?1,respectively;the SKOV3 cells in GV492 control group and ov-SPHK1 group were in good state and showed strong fluorescence expression,suggesting that the SKOV3 stable transfection cell line overexpressing SPHK1 was successfully established;the RT-qPCR results showed that compared with blank group and GV492 control group,the expression level of SPHK1 mRNA in the SKOV3 cells in ov-SPHK1 group was significantly increased(P<0.01);the Western blotting results showed that compared with blank group and GV492 control group,the expression level of SPHK1 protein in the SKOV3 cells in ov-SPHK1 group was significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:The SPHK1 overexpression lentiviral vector is successfully constructed,and the SKOV3 stable transfection cell line is established.

Objective To investigate the differences in personality traits between the patients with anx-ious depression(AND)and non-anxious depression(NAD)in order to provide the possible basis for early find of the patients with AND.Methods A total of 572 adult patients with depression visiting in the psychiatric outpatient department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected to conduct the questionnaire survey.General demographic questionnaire,Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS),Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7)and Minnesota Multiphasic Per-sonality Inventory(MMPI)were collected and analyzed.The patients with GAD-7 total score ≥5 points served as the AND group(n=499)and those with GAD total score＜5 points served as the NAD group(n=73).The correlation between the general demographic questionnaire,SDS and GAD-7 with MMPI was ana-lyzed.Results There were statistically significant differences in the place of residence,number of children in a family,education years,MMPI total score and high score proportions of psychopathy,athopia,hysteria,depres-sion,hypochondriasis,paranoea,schizophrenia,social introversion and hypomania dimensions between the two groups(P＜0.05).The SDS and GAD-7 scores in the AND group were higher than those in the NAD group(P＜0.05).The MMPI total score,athopia,hysteria,depression,hypochondriasis,paranoea,schizophrenia,so-cial introversion and hypomania were positively correlated with SDS and GAD-7(P＜0.05).Conclusion The patients with depression accompanied by anxiety symptom could be early identified by the MMPI testing results.

Objective : To identify autophagy-related genes involved in pulmonary infection caused by the highly drug-resistant and virulent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300 ( USA300) ，and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms ， thereby providing potential targets for immunotherapy． Methods: The GSE220943 dataset of a USA300-induced pulmonary infection mouse model was obtained from the GEO database． Differentially expressed genes ( DEGs ) were identified using the DESeq2 package． Autophagy-related genes ( ARGs) were retrieved from the MSigDB and Autophagy databases．Weighted gene co-expression network analysis ( WGCNA) was performed to construct gene co-expression modules．Genes overlapping among DEGs，ARGs，and WGCNA modules were identified as autophagy-related DEGs．Gene Ontology ( GO) enrichment analysis was con- ducted using the clusterProfiler R package，while Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ( KEGG) pathway en- richment analysis was performed via the Metascape platform．Immune cell infiltration was analyzed using the Immu- CellAI-mouse website．A protein - protein interaction ( PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database， and hub genes were identified through topological analysis in Cytoscape． Receiver operating characteristic curve ( ROC) curves were plotted via the website https: / /www．bioinformatics．com．cn． Finally，key gene expression was validated in mouse lung tissues by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR ( RT-qPCR) ． Results: A total of 6 135，4 075，3 680，and 2 342 differentially expressed genes ( DEGs) were identified at 12，24，48，and 96 hours post-infection，respectively．By integrating DEGs，autophagy-related genes ( ARGs) ，and WGCNA mod- ules，19 autophagy-related DEGs were identified． GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that these genes were mainly involved in CD4 + T cell activation and regulation，innate immune responses，and autophagosome mem- brane formation．Immune infiltration analysis revealed that innate immune cells such as neutrophils and dendritic cells predominated during the early phase of infection，while γδ T cells and M2 macrophages became more promi- nent in the later stages．PPI network analysis identified 12 hub autophagy-related genes，among which three upreg- ulated key genes ( Eif2ak2，Ikbke，and Nfkbiz) were further confirmed．The area under the ROC curve for all three genes was 1. 000．RT-qPCR validation demonstrated significantly elevated expression of these three genes in lung tissues at 24 hours post-infection ( all P＜0. 05) ． Conclusion Eif2ak2，Ikbke，and Nfkbiz may be involved in the pulmonary infection caused by USA300 by promoting autophagy and hold promise as potential targets for immuno- therapy．

177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China.Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints,the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the difference of depressive symptoms between adolescents and adults,and to provide possible basis for early detection of adolescent depression.Methods From July 2021 to June 2022,a total of 4 096 patients with"depression"in the psychiatric clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were selected as the research objects.They were divided into the adolescent group(n=2 439)and adult group(n=1 657)according to their ages,and the results of self-rating depression scale(SDS)and symptom checklist 90(SCL-90)were collected and analyzed.Results There were significant differences in nationality,residence,native place,family history and degree of depression between the two groups(P<0.05).The adolescent group has more severe depressive symptoms,which were mainly manifes-ted in negative ideas,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,hostile and interpersonal relationship,and psychotic symptoms(P<0.05).The adult group showed more obvious in sleep(P<0.05).Conclusion Early inter-vention should be carried out for adolescents'depressive symptoms such as negative thoughts.

Objective To make an epidemiological investigation on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)dampness syndrome manifestations in the population at risk of cerebrovascular diseases in Guangdong area.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the clinical data related to the risk of cerebrovascular diseases in 330 Guangdong permanent residents.The diagnosis of dampness syndrome,quantitative scoring of dampness syndrome and rating of the risk of stroke were performed for the investigation of the distribution pattern of dampness syndrome and its influencing factors.Results(1)A total of 306(92.73%)study subjects were diagnosed as dampness syndrome.The percentage of dampness syndrome in the risk group was 93.82%(258/275),which was slightly higher than that of the healthy group(48/55,87.27%),but the difference was not statistically significant(χ2 = 2.91,P = 0.112).The quantitative score of dampness syndrome in the risk group was higher than that of the healthy group,and the difference was statistically significance(Z =-2.24,P = 0.025).(2)Among the study subjects at risk of cerebrovascular disease,evaluation time(χ2 = 26.11,P = 0.001),stroke risk grading(χ2= 8.85,P = 0.031),and history of stroke or transient ischemic attack(TIA)(χ2 = 9.28,P = 0.015)were the factors influencing the grading of dampness syndrome in the population at risk of cerebrovascular disease.Conclusion Dampness syndrome is the common TCM syndrome in the population of Guangdong area.The manifestations of dampness syndrome are more obvious in the population with risk factors of cerebrovascular disease,especially in the population at high risk of stroke,and in the population with a history of stroke or TIA.The assessment and intervention of dampness syndrome should be taken into account for future project of stroke prevention in Guangdong.