Objective To systematically evaluate and synthesize the experience and coping process of bowel symptoms in patients after sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer,and to provide the evidence for the subsequent development of bowel symptom management strategies.Methods A comprehensive search was conducted across the Pubmed,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Embase,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang Database,VIP Database and CBM Database for qualitative studies on the experience of bowel symptoms in post-sphincter-preserving surgery patients with rectal cancer.The search period was from database inception to October 2024.The quality of the included literature was assessed according to the Australian Joanna Briggs Institute Center for Evidence-Based Health Care Quality Assessment Criteria for Qualitative Research,and the results were synthesized through the aggregative integration method.Results 14 studies were included,yielding 52 research findings,which were grouped into 10 subcategories and further synthesized into 4 results:the physical and psychological experiences of patients with bowel symptoms;the impact of bowel symptoms on patients'daily lives;coping styles for bowel symptoms in patients;facilitators of patients bowel symptom coping.Conclusion Bowel symptoms have significant negative impacts on the lives of patients following sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer,and healthcare professionals should address these patients'needs by developing effective symptom management strategies and supporting patients in enhancing self-management abilities to improve quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression levels of serum microRNA(miR-138-5p)and long non-coding RNA(LncRNA)NEAT1 in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)and clinical pathological features and prognosis.Methods:Totally 163 CRC patients admitted to our hospital from May 2019 to August 2021 were used as the CRC group,and were assigned into a survival group(n=104)and a death group(n=47)based on 3-year prognosis.Another 175 patients with benign colorectal lesions were as the control group.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to measure serum miR-138-5p and LncRNA NEAT1.K-M curve was used to analyze the relationship between serum miR-138-5p and LncRNA NEAT1 expression and prognosis of CRC.Multivariate Cox re-gression was used to analyze the influencing factors of prognosis of CRC.ROC was used to analyze the predictive value of serum miR-138-5p and LncRNA NEAT1 for prognosis of CRC.Results:Compared with the control group,the serum miR-138-5p in the CRC group was lower(t=12.802,P<0.05),and the LncRNA NEAT1 was higher(t=13.752,P<0.05).The serum miR-138-5p was related to the differentiation degree,T stage,and N stage of CRC patients(χ2=4.780,6.557,8499,P<0.05);and the serum LncRNA NEAT1 was associated with T stage and N stage in CRC patients(χ2=8.352,9.642,P<0.05).There were obvious differences between the survival group and the death group in T stage and N stage(χ2=6.801,7.580,P<0.05),and the serum miR-138-5p in the survival group was lower than that in the death group(t=8.290,P<0.05),while the serum LncRNA NEAT1 was higher than that in the death group(t=10.008,P<0.05).K-M curve showed that patients with high miR-138-5p expression had a higher 3-year survival rate than those with low miR-138-5p expression(Log Rank χ2=6.661,P=0.010);and the 3-year survival rate of patients with high ex-pression of LncRNA NEAT1 was lower than that of patients with low expression of LncRNA NEAT1(Log Rank χ2=10.620,P=0.001).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that T stage(HR=3.516),N stage(HR=2.983),serum miR-138-5p(HR=0.927),and LncRNA NEAT1(HR=1.659)were all factors affecting the prognosis of CRC(P<0.05).ROC results showed that the AUC for predicting poor prognosis in CRC by combining serum miR-138-5p and LncRNA NEAT1 was 0.716,which was obviously higher than that predicted by miR-138-5p(Z=3.173,P=0.002)and LncRNA NEAT1(Z=3.253,P=0.001)alone.Conclusion:Serum miR-138-5p is lower and LncRNA NEAT1 is higher in CRC pa-tients.Moreover,the levels of both are closely related to the clinical pathological features and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of common pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods The bacterial strains isolated from CSF were identified in accordance with clinical microbiology practice standards.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems per the unified CHINET protocol.Results A total of 14 014 bacterial strains were isolated from CSF samples from 2015 to 2021,including the strains isolated from inpatients(95.3％)and from outpatient and emergency care patients(4.7％).Overall,19.6％of the isolates were from children and 80.4％were from adults.Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.0％and 32.0％,respectively.Coagulase negative Staphylococcus accounted for 73.0％of the total Gram-positive bacterial isolates.The prevalence of MRSA was 38.2％in children and 45.6％in adults.The prevalence of MRCNS was 67.6％in adults and 69.5％in children.A small number of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium(2.2％)and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis(3.1％)were isolated from adult patients.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone were 52.2％and 76.4％in children,70.5％and 63.5％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli and K.pneumoniae(CRKP)was 1.3％and 47.7％in children,6.4％and 47.9％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)was 74.0％and 37.1％in children,81.7％and 39.9％in adults.Conclusions The data derived from antimicrobial resistance surveillance are crucial for clinicians to make evidence-based decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.Attention should be paid to the Gram-negative bacteria,especially CRKP and CRAB in central nervous system(CNS)infections.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for optimizing antibiotic use in CNS infections.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates from elderly patients(≥65 years)in major medical institutions across China.Methods Bacterial strains were isolated from elderly patients in 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program during the period from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method and automated systems according to the same CHINET protocol.The data were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021.Results A total of 514 715 nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected from elderly patients in 52 hospitals from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021.The number of isolates accounted for 34.3％of the total number of clinical isolates from all patients.Overall,21.8％of the 514 715 strains were gram-positive bacteria,and 78.2％were gram-negative bacteria.Majority(90.9％)of the strains were isolated from inpatients.About 42.9％of the strains were isolated from respiratory specimens,and 22.9％were isolated from urine.More than half(60.7％)of the strains were isolated from male patients,and 39.3％isolated from females.About 51.1％of the strains were isolated from patients aged 65-＜75 years.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains(MRSA)was 38.8％in 32 190 strains of Staphylococcus aureus.No vancomycin-or linezolid-resistant strains were found.The resistance rate of E.faecalis to most antibiotics was significantly lower than that of Enterococcus faecium,but a few vancomycin-resistant strains(0.2％,1.5％)and linezolid-resistant strains(3.4％,0.3％)were found in E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae(PSSP),penicillin-intermediate S.pneumoniae(PISP),and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae(PRSP)was 94.3％,4.0％,and 1.7％in nonmeningitis S.pneumoniae isolates.The resistance rates of Klebsiella spp.(Klebsiella pneumoniae 93.2％)to imipenem and meropenem were 20.9％and 22.3％,respectively.Other Enterobacterales species were highly sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics.Only 1.7％-7.8％of other Enterobacterales strains were resistant to carbapenems.The resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp.(Acinetobacter baumannii 90.6％)to imipenem and meropenem were 68.4％and 70.6％respectively,while 28.5％and 24.3％of P.aeruginosa strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Conclusions The number of clinical isolates from elderly patients is increasing year by year,especially in the 65-＜75 age group.Respiratory tract isolates were more prevalent in male elderly patients,and urinary tract isolates were more prevalent in female elderly patients.Klebsiella isolates were increasingly resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents,especially carbapenems.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for accurate empirical antimicrobial therapy in elderly patients.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression levels of serum microRNA(miR-138-5p)and long non-coding RNA(LncRNA)NEAT1 in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)and clinical pathological features and prognosis.Methods:Totally 163 CRC patients admitted to our hospital from May 2019 to August 2021 were used as the CRC group,and were assigned into a survival group(n=104)and a death group(n=47)based on 3-year prognosis.Another 175 patients with benign colorectal lesions were as the control group.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to measure serum miR-138-5p and LncRNA NEAT1.K-M curve was used to analyze the relationship between serum miR-138-5p and LncRNA NEAT1 expression and prognosis of CRC.Multivariate Cox re-gression was used to analyze the influencing factors of prognosis of CRC.ROC was used to analyze the predictive value of serum miR-138-5p and LncRNA NEAT1 for prognosis of CRC.Results:Compared with the control group,the serum miR-138-5p in the CRC group was lower(t=12.802,P<0.05),and the LncRNA NEAT1 was higher(t=13.752,P<0.05).The serum miR-138-5p was related to the differentiation degree,T stage,and N stage of CRC patients(χ2=4.780,6.557,8499,P<0.05);and the serum LncRNA NEAT1 was associated with T stage and N stage in CRC patients(χ2=8.352,9.642,P<0.05).There were obvious differences between the survival group and the death group in T stage and N stage(χ2=6.801,7.580,P<0.05),and the serum miR-138-5p in the survival group was lower than that in the death group(t=8.290,P<0.05),while the serum LncRNA NEAT1 was higher than that in the death group(t=10.008,P<0.05).K-M curve showed that patients with high miR-138-5p expression had a higher 3-year survival rate than those with low miR-138-5p expression(Log Rank χ2=6.661,P=0.010);and the 3-year survival rate of patients with high ex-pression of LncRNA NEAT1 was lower than that of patients with low expression of LncRNA NEAT1(Log Rank χ2=10.620,P=0.001).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that T stage(HR=3.516),N stage(HR=2.983),serum miR-138-5p(HR=0.927),and LncRNA NEAT1(HR=1.659)were all factors affecting the prognosis of CRC(P<0.05).ROC results showed that the AUC for predicting poor prognosis in CRC by combining serum miR-138-5p and LncRNA NEAT1 was 0.716,which was obviously higher than that predicted by miR-138-5p(Z=3.173,P=0.002)and LncRNA NEAT1(Z=3.253,P=0.001)alone.Conclusion:Serum miR-138-5p is lower and LncRNA NEAT1 is higher in CRC pa-tients.Moreover,the levels of both are closely related to the clinical pathological features and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of common pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods The bacterial strains isolated from CSF were identified in accordance with clinical microbiology practice standards.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems per the unified CHINET protocol.Results A total of 14 014 bacterial strains were isolated from CSF samples from 2015 to 2021,including the strains isolated from inpatients(95.3％)and from outpatient and emergency care patients(4.7％).Overall,19.6％of the isolates were from children and 80.4％were from adults.Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.0％and 32.0％,respectively.Coagulase negative Staphylococcus accounted for 73.0％of the total Gram-positive bacterial isolates.The prevalence of MRSA was 38.2％in children and 45.6％in adults.The prevalence of MRCNS was 67.6％in adults and 69.5％in children.A small number of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium(2.2％)and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis(3.1％)were isolated from adult patients.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone were 52.2％and 76.4％in children,70.5％and 63.5％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli and K.pneumoniae(CRKP)was 1.3％and 47.7％in children,6.4％and 47.9％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)was 74.0％and 37.1％in children,81.7％and 39.9％in adults.Conclusions The data derived from antimicrobial resistance surveillance are crucial for clinicians to make evidence-based decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.Attention should be paid to the Gram-negative bacteria,especially CRKP and CRAB in central nervous system(CNS)infections.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for optimizing antibiotic use in CNS infections.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates from elderly patients(≥65 years)in major medical institutions across China.Methods Bacterial strains were isolated from elderly patients in 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program during the period from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method and automated systems according to the same CHINET protocol.The data were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021.Results A total of 514 715 nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected from elderly patients in 52 hospitals from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021.The number of isolates accounted for 34.3％of the total number of clinical isolates from all patients.Overall,21.8％of the 514 715 strains were gram-positive bacteria,and 78.2％were gram-negative bacteria.Majority(90.9％)of the strains were isolated from inpatients.About 42.9％of the strains were isolated from respiratory specimens,and 22.9％were isolated from urine.More than half(60.7％)of the strains were isolated from male patients,and 39.3％isolated from females.About 51.1％of the strains were isolated from patients aged 65-＜75 years.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains(MRSA)was 38.8％in 32 190 strains of Staphylococcus aureus.No vancomycin-or linezolid-resistant strains were found.The resistance rate of E.faecalis to most antibiotics was significantly lower than that of Enterococcus faecium,but a few vancomycin-resistant strains(0.2％,1.5％)and linezolid-resistant strains(3.4％,0.3％)were found in E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae(PSSP),penicillin-intermediate S.pneumoniae(PISP),and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae(PRSP)was 94.3％,4.0％,and 1.7％in nonmeningitis S.pneumoniae isolates.The resistance rates of Klebsiella spp.(Klebsiella pneumoniae 93.2％)to imipenem and meropenem were 20.9％and 22.3％,respectively.Other Enterobacterales species were highly sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics.Only 1.7％-7.8％of other Enterobacterales strains were resistant to carbapenems.The resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp.(Acinetobacter baumannii 90.6％)to imipenem and meropenem were 68.4％and 70.6％respectively,while 28.5％and 24.3％of P.aeruginosa strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Conclusions The number of clinical isolates from elderly patients is increasing year by year,especially in the 65-＜75 age group.Respiratory tract isolates were more prevalent in male elderly patients,and urinary tract isolates were more prevalent in female elderly patients.Klebsiella isolates were increasingly resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents,especially carbapenems.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for accurate empirical antimicrobial therapy in elderly patients.

Objective Evaluate the effects of different solvent extracts from Jujing Pills on improving retinal damage in kidney Yang deficiency aging mice and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods A composite modeling method of subcutaneous injection of D-galactose and hind limb injection of hydrocortisone was used to establish a kidney Yang deficiency type aging mouse model,and various solvent extract of Jujing Pills were given for intervention treatment.The improvement effect of different solvent extracts of Jujing Pills on aging mice with kidney Yang deficiency was evaluated by observing physical signs,measuring serum oxidative stress marker levels,and cyclic nucleotide levels.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to detect the condition of the mouse retina,HE staining was used to detect the degree of retinal cell damage,TUNEL staining was used to detect retinal cell apoptosis,assay kit was used to detect oxidative stress factor expression,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor(CNTF),brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),and nerve growth factor(NGF)in the mouse eyeball,and Western blotting(WB)was used to quantitatively analyze the expression levels of apoptosis and neurotrophic pathway related proteins in the mouse retina tissue.Results Compared with the control group,the model group mice showed slow weight gain,reduced activity,decreased expression of antioxidant factors such as superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione(GSH)in serum(P<0.01),and decreased cAMP/cGMP ratio(P<0.01).Different solvent extracts of Jujing Pills significantly increased the expression of antioxidant factors such as SOD and GSH(P<0.05),reduced the production of oxidative product malondialdehyde(MDA)(P<0.01),and increased the cAMP/cGMP ratio(P<0.01);Significantly increased the retinal thickness of model mice(P<0.01),improved retinal damage and inhibited retinal cell apoptosis(P<0.01),and significantly downregulated the ratio expression levels of Cleaved Caspase-3 and Caspase-3(P<0.01);The expression of CNTF,BDNF,and NGF was upregulated by water extracted medicinal residue alcohol extract,water extracted alcohol sediment,and total extract(P<0.01).The phosphorylation levels of CREB and ERK in the eyeball were significantly upregulated by water extracted medicinal residue alcohol extract and total extract(P<0.05).Conclusion Different solvent extracts of Jujing Pills can exert different pharmacological effects on improving retinal damage in aging mice with kidney yang deficiency model.Its mechanism of action is related to improving retinal apoptosis caused by oxidative stress and increasing the expression of nutritional factors.

Objective To elucidate the role of let-7 in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)and its underlying molecular mechanism.Methods The expression of let-7 in human oral keratinocyte(HOK),OSCC tissues,and OSCC cells(CAL-27,SCC-25,and SCC-9)was detected by quantitative real-time PCR.Colony formation,scratch,Transwell,and flow cytometry assays were used to examine the effects of let-7 on the proliferation,migration,invasion,and apoptosis of SCC-25 cells.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Wnt and β-catenin proteins.The correlation between let-7 expression and the clinicopathological cha-racteristics and prognosis of OSCC patients was analyzed.Results let-7 was downregulated in OSCC tissues and cells.let-7 over-expression effectively inhibited the proliferation,migration,and invasion of SCC-25 cells while promoting apoptosis by suppressing acti-vation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.let-7 expression was closely associated with tumor stage,lymph node metastasis,and patient survival status.Patients with low let-7 expression exhibited lower overall survival rate.Conclusion let-7 targets and regulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway,thereby inhibiting proliferation,migration,and invasion of OSCC cells while promoting apoptosis.

Objective Evaluate the effects of different solvent extracts from Jujing Pills on improving retinal damage in kidney Yang deficiency aging mice and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods A composite modeling method of subcutaneous injection of D-galactose and hind limb injection of hydrocortisone was used to establish a kidney Yang deficiency type aging mouse model,and various solvent extract of Jujing Pills were given for intervention treatment.The improvement effect of different solvent extracts of Jujing Pills on aging mice with kidney Yang deficiency was evaluated by observing physical signs,measuring serum oxidative stress marker levels,and cyclic nucleotide levels.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to detect the condition of the mouse retina,HE staining was used to detect the degree of retinal cell damage,TUNEL staining was used to detect retinal cell apoptosis,assay kit was used to detect oxidative stress factor expression,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor(CNTF),brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),and nerve growth factor(NGF)in the mouse eyeball,and Western blotting(WB)was used to quantitatively analyze the expression levels of apoptosis and neurotrophic pathway related proteins in the mouse retina tissue.Results Compared with the control group,the model group mice showed slow weight gain,reduced activity,decreased expression of antioxidant factors such as superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione(GSH)in serum(P<0.01),and decreased cAMP/cGMP ratio(P<0.01).Different solvent extracts of Jujing Pills significantly increased the expression of antioxidant factors such as SOD and GSH(P<0.05),reduced the production of oxidative product malondialdehyde(MDA)(P<0.01),and increased the cAMP/cGMP ratio(P<0.01);Significantly increased the retinal thickness of model mice(P<0.01),improved retinal damage and inhibited retinal cell apoptosis(P<0.01),and significantly downregulated the ratio expression levels of Cleaved Caspase-3 and Caspase-3(P<0.01);The expression of CNTF,BDNF,and NGF was upregulated by water extracted medicinal residue alcohol extract,water extracted alcohol sediment,and total extract(P<0.01).The phosphorylation levels of CREB and ERK in the eyeball were significantly upregulated by water extracted medicinal residue alcohol extract and total extract(P<0.05).Conclusion Different solvent extracts of Jujing Pills can exert different pharmacological effects on improving retinal damage in aging mice with kidney yang deficiency model.Its mechanism of action is related to improving retinal apoptosis caused by oxidative stress and increasing the expression of nutritional factors.