Purpose: Following the outbreak and global spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an increasing number of people have turned to cycling. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology of bicycle-related injuries before and after the emergence of the COVID-19. Methods: In this retrospective study, we collected medical records of those patients who visited the emergency room for orthopedic injuries related to bicycle accidents. The “COVID-19 period” consisted of the patients identified from April 1 to November 31 in the year 2020, while the “pre-COVID-19 period” consisted of those identified during the same months of the year 2019. Results: A total of 519 patients were identified. The bicycle-related injuries increased by 5.1% during the COVID-19, in comparison to the pre-COVID-19 period. Among these, 76.3% were men. The highest incidence of the injuries was seen for 10– 19 years of age during the pre-COVID-19, and for 50– 59 years of age during the COVID-19 period. Overall, upper limb injuries were the commonest, consisting of 32.2% of all injuries. The shoulder injuries were the commonest in the pre-COVID-19, while the knee injuries were the commonest in the COVID-19 period. Assessing the severity of the injuries, contusion (81.8%) was the commonest. Of the injuries requiring hospital admissions, hip injuries had the highest incidence at 76.5%. Conclusion During the COVID-19, the total number of bicycle-related injuries did not increase significantly. In the bicycle-related injuries, the middle-age group had the highest proportion during the COVID-19 period. More efficient prevention strategies for middle-aged riders are necessary.

Purpose: Following the outbreak and global spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an increasing number of people have turned to cycling. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology of bicycle-related injuries before and after the emergence of the COVID-19. Methods: In this retrospective study, we collected medical records of those patients who visited the emergency room for orthopedic injuries related to bicycle accidents. The “COVID-19 period” consisted of the patients identified from April 1 to November 31 in the year 2020, while the “pre-COVID-19 period” consisted of those identified during the same months of the year 2019. Results: A total of 519 patients were identified. The bicycle-related injuries increased by 5.1% during the COVID-19, in comparison to the pre-COVID-19 period. Among these, 76.3% were men. The highest incidence of the injuries was seen for 10– 19 years of age during the pre-COVID-19, and for 50– 59 years of age during the COVID-19 period. Overall, upper limb injuries were the commonest, consisting of 32.2% of all injuries. The shoulder injuries were the commonest in the pre-COVID-19, while the knee injuries were the commonest in the COVID-19 period. Assessing the severity of the injuries, contusion (81.8%) was the commonest. Of the injuries requiring hospital admissions, hip injuries had the highest incidence at 76.5%. Conclusion During the COVID-19, the total number of bicycle-related injuries did not increase significantly. In the bicycle-related injuries, the middle-age group had the highest proportion during the COVID-19 period. More efficient prevention strategies for middle-aged riders are necessary.

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a rare inflammatory reaction, characterized by lipid-laden macrophages, known as xanthomas, in histopathologic examination. Aggressive xanthogranulomatous inflammation often manifests as local infiltration but does not affect distant organs unless combined with rare systemic diseases. We report a case of focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) associated with severe xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Focal XGP was suspected in radiologic examination that showed a cystic lesion with an infiltrative margin, which were surgically resected and confirmed in pathologic examination. To our knowledge, this is the first report of focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis associated with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Moreover, we found peripheral hypointensity around the cystic lesion in the T2-weighted image, probably reflecting hemorrhage and fibrosis of the xanthogranulomatous inflammation.

Lumbar paraspinal compartment syndrome is an uncommon cause of acute lower back pain. It can result from intense physical activity or as a complication of surgery or medication. Lumbar paraspinal compartment syndrome without external trauma is rarely reported in literature. We report a case of compartment syndrome that followed back muscle exercise and caused rhabdomyolysis. MRI findings include bilateral bulging of the paraspinal muscle, hyperintensity on T2-weighted image, and heterogeneous enhancement. Moreover, loss of intramuscular vasculature on a contrast-enhanced CT scan attributed to diagnose compartment syndrome in this case.

PURPOSE: To study the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the aqueous humor before and after intracameral injection of bevacizumab in eyes with neovascular glaucoma, and to detect the duration of an anti-VEGF effect of bevacizumab in the anterior chamber. METHODS: In this prospective interventional case series, 1.25 mg of bevacizumab was injected into the anterior chamber of five eyes in five neovascular glaucoma patients. Aqueous humor samples were obtained just before intracameral injection of bevacizumab and two weeks after injection. The concentrations of VEGF in the aqueous humor were measured using ELISA. To investigate corneal endothelial damage after intrecameral bevacizumab injection, specular microscopy was performed before injection and two weeks after injection. Slit lamp photo and iris fluorescent angiography was performed to determine the regression of iris neovascularization. RESULTS: After injection, substantial regression of neovascularization or fluorescein leakage was seen in all treated eyes. The VEGF concentrations in the aqueous humor in eyes with NVG were 1181.8+/-1248.3 pg/mL before intracameral injection of bevacizumab. Two weeks after injection, the VEGF concentrations decreased to 33.2+/-12.2 pg/mL (p=0.04, Wilcoxon signed rank test). There were no significant changes in IOP or corneal endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: Intracameral bevacizumab injection can remarkably reduce iris neovascularization in neovascular glaucoma patients. VEGF levels were significantly decreased two weeks after injection and corneal toxicity was not observed during short term follow-up.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/*administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*administration & dosage ; Aqueous Humor/*metabolism ; Eye ; Glaucoma, Neovascular/*drug therapy/*metabolism ; Humans ; Injections ; Middle Aged ; Osmolar Concentration ; Prospective Studies ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism

Herpes simplex virus esophagitis and candidal esophagitis can be found in immunocompromised patients. But it rarely occurs in immunocompetent patients. Diagnosis is usually established with an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The lesions of herpes simplex virus esophagitis involves the squamous mucosa, where the earlist manifestation is a vesicle, rarely. We report a case of herpes simplex virus esophagitis who, being immunologically healthy, presented with substernal pain and dysphagia and showed vesicle formation on endoscopy. The patient also showed whitish patch and spot on esophageal mucosae. The patient showed loss of symptom and improvement of endoscopic finding after conservative management and antifungal therapy.
Deglutition Disorders ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Esophagitis* ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Mucous Membrane ; Simplexvirus*

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a chance of developing liver involvement in their lifetime. The main cause of liver involvement in SLE patients is previous treatment with hepatotoxic drugs or hepatotropic viral hepatitis. Wilson's disease is a hereditary disorder and is usually diagnosed in patients presenting either neuropsychiatric disorders or manifestations related to chronic liver disease. Fulminant hepatic failure as the initial manifestation of Wilson's disease is rare. The relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and Wilson's disease has not been established. We report a case of a 12-year-old girl with SLE who presented fulminant hepatic failure as an initial manifestation of Wilson's disease. The diagnosis was established with decreased serum ceruloplasmin level and the presence of Kayser-Fleischer ring. We treated with repeated plasma exchange. Despite repeated plasma exchange she died of multi-organ failure on the 16th hospital day. Considering this case, Wilson's disease should be considered as a cause of fulminant hepatic failure, especially in juvenile age cases.
Child ; English Abstract ; Female ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration/*complications ; Human ; Liver Failure/*etiology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/*complications

BACKGROUND/AIM: A significant correlation between HBV DNA and liver damage was found in precore mutant strains but there was no significant association between viral replication and liver damage in HBeAg positive patients. Laboratory tests are often requested to predict hepatitis activity (grade) and fibrosis (stage) in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B. We assessed ALT, AST, and HBV-branched DNA to find which is the best for predicting hepatitis activity and fibrosis. METHODS: Routine biochemical liver function tests and HBV DNA in sera were assessed in 119 young patients positive with HBsAg and HBeAg. The mean age of patients was 21+/-2 years. All patients were male. By logistic regression analysis the relationships between laboratory data, hepatitis activity, fibrosis, or risk of chronic active hepatitis were analyzed. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between aminotransferase (AST, ALT) and hepatitis activity/ fibrosis. A significant inverse relationship between the HBV bDNA and hepatitis activity was demonstrated (Pearson's correlation coefficient: lobular activity,-0.305; porto-periportal activity, -0.410). But HBV bDNA was not correlated with severity of fibrosis. AST and HBV bDNA was the important test for predicting the more severe hepatitis activity (lobular activity and porto-periportal activity: score> or =3, respectively) CONCLUSION: The higher AST, but the lower HBV bDNA, in sera shows the more severe hepatitis activity. AST and HBV bDNA could be helpful for assessing the hepatitis activity in young male patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B if proper reference values are used.
Adult ; Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; English Abstract ; Enzyme Tests ; Hepatitis B Virus/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Hepatitis B e Antigens/*blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/diagnosis/*pathology/virology ; Human ; Liver/pathology ; Male

This paper described a collaborative exercise intended to see what kinds of short tandem repeat (STR) loci are used in different DNA typing laboratories in Korea and to compare their results for the demonstration whether uniformity of DNA profiling results from different laboratory could be achieved in Korea. Laboratories were asked to test five tissue DNAs using methods routinely used in each laboratory and to report the results to the coordinating laboratory. The exercise demonstrated that each laboratory was using different STR loci for the typing with different STR numbers, 2 VNTRs, 36 STRs and amelogenin in total, and the direct comparison of the results from all the laboratory for the 18 loci could not be done as only one laboratory submitted typing results. Among 21 loci for which several laboratories submitted typing results, results for 14 loci were the same and results for the other 7 loci were different depending on the participating laboratory. D1S80, F13A01, D16S539, D21S11, D18S51, D3S1744 were the loci with different typing results. Even in the cases where commercial kits were used, the results were not the same depending on the machines used, that is the capillary electrophoresis or the gel based electrophoresis. The reason for the different results, points about the standardization of the methods and the profiling data were described.
Amelogenin ; DNA ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Electrophoresis ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Korea ; Microsatellite Repeats

This paper described a collaborative exercise intended to see what kinds of short tandem repeat (STR) loci are used in different DNA typing laboratories in Korea and to compare their results for the demonstration whether uniformity of DNA profiling results from different laboratory could be achieved in Korea. Laboratories were asked to test five tissue DNAs using methods routinely used in each laboratory and to report the results to the coordinating laboratory. The exercise demonstrated that each laboratory was using different STR loci for the typing with different STR numbers, 2 VNTRs, 36 STRs and amelogenin in total, and the direct comparison of the results from all the laboratory for the 18 loci could not be done as only one laboratory submitted typing results. Among 21 loci for which several laboratories submitted typing results, results for 14 loci were the same and results for the other 7 loci were different depending on the participating laboratory. D1S80, F13A01, D16S539, D21S11, D18S51, D3S1744 were the loci with different typing results. Even in the cases where commercial kits were used, the results were not the same depending on the machines used, that is the capillary electrophoresis or the gel based electrophoresis. The reason for the different results, points about the standardization of the methods and the profiling data were described.
Amelogenin ; DNA ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Electrophoresis ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Korea ; Microsatellite Repeats