Background and Objectives: The risk profiles, procedural characteristics, and clinical outcomes for women undergoing bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are not well defined compared to those in men. Methods: COronary BIfurcation Stenting III (COBIS III) is a multicenter, real-world registry of 2,648 patients with bifurcation lesions treated with second-generation drug-eluting stents.We compared the angiographic and procedural characteristics and clinical outcomes based on sex. The primary outcome was 5-year target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization. Results: Women (n=635, 24%) were older, had hypertension and diabetes more often, and had smaller main vessel and side branch reference diameters than men. The pre- and post-PCI angiographic percentage diameter stenoses of the main vessel and side branch were comparable between women and men. There were no differences in procedural characteristics between the sexes. Women and men had a similar risk of TLF (6.3% vs. 7.1%, p=0.63) as well as its individual components and sex was not an independent predictor of TLF. This finding was consistent in the left main and 2 stenting subgroups. Conclusions In patients undergoing bifurcation PCI, sex was not an independent predictor of adverse outcome.

Background and Objectives: The risk profiles, procedural characteristics, and clinical outcomes for women undergoing bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are not well defined compared to those in men. Methods: COronary BIfurcation Stenting III (COBIS III) is a multicenter, real-world registry of 2,648 patients with bifurcation lesions treated with second-generation drug-eluting stents.We compared the angiographic and procedural characteristics and clinical outcomes based on sex. The primary outcome was 5-year target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization. Results: Women (n=635, 24%) were older, had hypertension and diabetes more often, and had smaller main vessel and side branch reference diameters than men. The pre- and post-PCI angiographic percentage diameter stenoses of the main vessel and side branch were comparable between women and men. There were no differences in procedural characteristics between the sexes. Women and men had a similar risk of TLF (6.3% vs. 7.1%, p=0.63) as well as its individual components and sex was not an independent predictor of TLF. This finding was consistent in the left main and 2 stenting subgroups. Conclusions In patients undergoing bifurcation PCI, sex was not an independent predictor of adverse outcome.

Background and Objectives: The risk profiles, procedural characteristics, and clinical outcomes for women undergoing bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are not well defined compared to those in men. Methods: COronary BIfurcation Stenting III (COBIS III) is a multicenter, real-world registry of 2,648 patients with bifurcation lesions treated with second-generation drug-eluting stents.We compared the angiographic and procedural characteristics and clinical outcomes based on sex. The primary outcome was 5-year target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization. Results: Women (n=635, 24%) were older, had hypertension and diabetes more often, and had smaller main vessel and side branch reference diameters than men. The pre- and post-PCI angiographic percentage diameter stenoses of the main vessel and side branch were comparable between women and men. There were no differences in procedural characteristics between the sexes. Women and men had a similar risk of TLF (6.3% vs. 7.1%, p=0.63) as well as its individual components and sex was not an independent predictor of TLF. This finding was consistent in the left main and 2 stenting subgroups. Conclusions In patients undergoing bifurcation PCI, sex was not an independent predictor of adverse outcome.

Background and Objectives: The risk profiles, procedural characteristics, and clinical outcomes for women undergoing bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are not well defined compared to those in men. Methods: COronary BIfurcation Stenting III (COBIS III) is a multicenter, real-world registry of 2,648 patients with bifurcation lesions treated with second-generation drug-eluting stents.We compared the angiographic and procedural characteristics and clinical outcomes based on sex. The primary outcome was 5-year target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization. Results: Women (n=635, 24%) were older, had hypertension and diabetes more often, and had smaller main vessel and side branch reference diameters than men. The pre- and post-PCI angiographic percentage diameter stenoses of the main vessel and side branch were comparable between women and men. There were no differences in procedural characteristics between the sexes. Women and men had a similar risk of TLF (6.3% vs. 7.1%, p=0.63) as well as its individual components and sex was not an independent predictor of TLF. This finding was consistent in the left main and 2 stenting subgroups. Conclusions In patients undergoing bifurcation PCI, sex was not an independent predictor of adverse outcome.

Background and Objectives: The clinical benefits of complete revascularization (CR) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients are unclear. Moreover, the benefit of CR is unknown in AMI with diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. We sought to compare the prognosis of CR and incomplete revascularization (IR) in patients with AMI and multivessel disease, according to the presence of DM. Methods: A total of 2,150 AMI patients with multivessel coronary artery disease were analyzed. CR was defined based on the angiographic image. The primary endpoint of this study was the patient-oriented composite outcome (POCO) defined as a composite of allcause death, any myocardial infarction, and any revascularization within 3 years. Results: Overall, 3-year POCO was significantly lower in patients receiving angiographic CR (985 patients, 45.8%) compared with IR (1,165 patients, 54.2%). When divided into subgroups according to the presence of DM, CR reduced 3-year clinical outcomes in the nonDM group but not in the DM group (POCO: 11.7% vs. 23.2%, p<0.001, any revascularization:7.2% vs. 10.8%, p=0.024 in the non-DM group, POCO: 24.3% vs. 27.8%, p=0.295, any revascularization: 13.3% vs. 11.3%, p=0.448 in the DM group, for CR vs. IR). Multivariate analysis showed that CR significantly reduced 3-year POCO (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.36–0.75) only in the non-DM group. Conclusions In AMI patients with multivessel disease, CR may have less clinical benefit in DM patients than in non-DM patients.

Background and Objectives: The clinical benefits of complete revascularization (CR) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients are unclear. Moreover, the benefit of CR is unknown in AMI with diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. We sought to compare the prognosis of CR and incomplete revascularization (IR) in patients with AMI and multivessel disease, according to the presence of DM. Methods: A total of 2,150 AMI patients with multivessel coronary artery disease were analyzed. CR was defined based on the angiographic image. The primary endpoint of this study was the patient-oriented composite outcome (POCO) defined as a composite of allcause death, any myocardial infarction, and any revascularization within 3 years. Results: Overall, 3-year POCO was significantly lower in patients receiving angiographic CR (985 patients, 45.8%) compared with IR (1,165 patients, 54.2%). When divided into subgroups according to the presence of DM, CR reduced 3-year clinical outcomes in the nonDM group but not in the DM group (POCO: 11.7% vs. 23.2%, p<0.001, any revascularization:7.2% vs. 10.8%, p=0.024 in the non-DM group, POCO: 24.3% vs. 27.8%, p=0.295, any revascularization: 13.3% vs. 11.3%, p=0.448 in the DM group, for CR vs. IR). Multivariate analysis showed that CR significantly reduced 3-year POCO (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.36–0.75) only in the non-DM group. Conclusions In AMI patients with multivessel disease, CR may have less clinical benefit in DM patients than in non-DM patients.

Background and Objectives: The clinical benefits of complete revascularization (CR) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients are unclear. Moreover, the benefit of CR is unknown in AMI with diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. We sought to compare the prognosis of CR and incomplete revascularization (IR) in patients with AMI and multivessel disease, according to the presence of DM. Methods: A total of 2,150 AMI patients with multivessel coronary artery disease were analyzed. CR was defined based on the angiographic image. The primary endpoint of this study was the patient-oriented composite outcome (POCO) defined as a composite of allcause death, any myocardial infarction, and any revascularization within 3 years. Results: Overall, 3-year POCO was significantly lower in patients receiving angiographic CR (985 patients, 45.8%) compared with IR (1,165 patients, 54.2%). When divided into subgroups according to the presence of DM, CR reduced 3-year clinical outcomes in the nonDM group but not in the DM group (POCO: 11.7% vs. 23.2%, p<0.001, any revascularization:7.2% vs. 10.8%, p=0.024 in the non-DM group, POCO: 24.3% vs. 27.8%, p=0.295, any revascularization: 13.3% vs. 11.3%, p=0.448 in the DM group, for CR vs. IR). Multivariate analysis showed that CR significantly reduced 3-year POCO (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.36–0.75) only in the non-DM group. Conclusions In AMI patients with multivessel disease, CR may have less clinical benefit in DM patients than in non-DM patients.

Background and Objectives: The clinical benefits of complete revascularization (CR) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients are unclear. Moreover, the benefit of CR is unknown in AMI with diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. We sought to compare the prognosis of CR and incomplete revascularization (IR) in patients with AMI and multivessel disease, according to the presence of DM. Methods: A total of 2,150 AMI patients with multivessel coronary artery disease were analyzed. CR was defined based on the angiographic image. The primary endpoint of this study was the patient-oriented composite outcome (POCO) defined as a composite of allcause death, any myocardial infarction, and any revascularization within 3 years. Results: Overall, 3-year POCO was significantly lower in patients receiving angiographic CR (985 patients, 45.8%) compared with IR (1,165 patients, 54.2%). When divided into subgroups according to the presence of DM, CR reduced 3-year clinical outcomes in the nonDM group but not in the DM group (POCO: 11.7% vs. 23.2%, p<0.001, any revascularization:7.2% vs. 10.8%, p=0.024 in the non-DM group, POCO: 24.3% vs. 27.8%, p=0.295, any revascularization: 13.3% vs. 11.3%, p=0.448 in the DM group, for CR vs. IR). Multivariate analysis showed that CR significantly reduced 3-year POCO (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.36–0.75) only in the non-DM group. Conclusions In AMI patients with multivessel disease, CR may have less clinical benefit in DM patients than in non-DM patients.

Background: Warts are benign hyperkeratotic proliferative skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).Traditional destructive treatments, such as cryotherapy, have limited effectiveness and can lead to substantial adverse effects. Acyclovir, an antiviral agent against human herpes viruses, may be effective in the treatment of warts, as HPV is also a DNA virus. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intralesional acyclovir for the treatment of warts. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 21 patients diagnosed with periungual or palmoplantar warts who were treated with intralesional acyclovir (25 mg/mL) injections between January 2022 and December 2022. The treatment was repeated at 3- to 4-week intervals, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated one month after the final treatment session. Results: Complete resolution of warts was observed in nine patients (42.9%), partial response in seven patients (33.3%), and no response in five patients (23.8%). Injection-related transient pain and hemorrhage were reported by all patients, with a hemorrhagic crust observed in one patient (4.76%) and transient onycholysis noted in another patient (4.76%). No permanent nail deformities have been reported. Conclusion Intralesional acyclovir is a potentially effective and safe treatment modality for periungual and palmoplantar warts.

Thyroid nodules are a prevalent condition that can be detected through palpation or ultrasound. However, a small fraction of these nodules can be cancerous, and even benign nodules can cause symptoms if they grow and compress surrounding tissue. As such, it is important to monitor thyroid nodules and determine appropriate treatment options. In recent years, there has been a shift towards enhancing diagnostic accuracy and less aggressive treatment options. As a result, there is a growing need for the development of appropriate recommendations for their clinical application to ensure optimal patient outcomes. The present clinical practice guideline was developed by extracting the nodule section from the prior version of guidelines and updating it to fit the Korean circumstances. Task force members reviewed relevant studies selected after electronic database searching, and the recommendations are provided with a level of recommendation for each section. The revised guideline includes recommendations for thyroid cancer screening in high-risk groups, appropriate diagnostic methods for thyroid nodules, the role of pathological and molecular marker tests in diagnosis, long-term follow-up and treatment of benign thyroid nodules, and special considerations for pregnant women. The major changes in this revision are the definition of high-risk groups for thyroid cancer screening, the application of the revised Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS), the addition of the role of core needle biopsy and molecular marker tests, the application of active surveillance in low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, and updated indications for non-surgical treatment of benign thyroid nodules. These evidence-based recommendations are expected to assist in clinical decision-making for thyroid nodule management, ensuring that patients receive the most appropriate and effective treatment options.