Oligometastasis represents a transitional state between early localized disease and widespread metastasis, characterized by limited tumor burden and distinct tumor biological behavior. Due to the relatively restricted number of metastatic lesions and involved organs, aggressive systemic therapy combined with local consolidative therapy offers potential for cure. With rapid advancements in molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapy, comprehensive management of oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has gained increasing attention. This review summarizes the definition of NSCLC oligometastasis, recent therapeutic progress, and existing challenges, aiming to provide insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies.
.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis* ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Neoplasm Metastasis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the in vitro protective effect of Pinus massoniana bark extracts (PMBE) against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293), and preliminarily study its mechanism.

METHODHuman embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) were cultured in vitro. The MTT assay was adopted to test the effect of PMBE and cisplatin on growth of HEK293 cells, and the protective effect of PMBE on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity of HEK293, and then detect the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) content, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and activity of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR).

RESULTPMBE could promote growth of HEK293 cells at low concentrations, but generate slight nephrotoxicity at high concentration. Cisplatin could inhibit growth of HEK293 cells, increase ROS and MDA content, while reducing SOD, CAT and TrxR. The pre-protective PMBE was added to reduce cisplatin's injury to HEK293 cells, ROS, MDA and GSH content, SOD, CAT and TrxR within certain range.

CONCLUSIONPMBE at specific concentration has the protective effect in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in HEK293 cells. Its mechanism may be related to PMBE's antioxidant activity.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Cisplatin ; toxicity ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Pinus ; chemistry ; Plant Bark ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase ; metabolism