The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) control natural killer (NK) cells development and cytotoxic functions, however, whether long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in this pathway remains unknown. We found that miR155HG was elevated in activated NK cells and promoted their proliferation and effector functions in both NK92 and induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived NK (iPSC-NK) cells, without reliance on its derived miR-155 and micropeptide P155. Mechanistically, miR155HG bound to miR-6756 and relieved its repression of JAK3 expression, thereby promoting the JAK-STAT pathway and enhancing NK cell proliferation and function. Further investigations disclosed that upon cytokine stimulation, STAT3 directly interacts with miR155HG promoter and induces miR155HG transcription. Collectively, we identify a miR155HG-mediated positive feedback loop of the JAK-STAT signaling. Our study will also provide a power target regarding miR155HG for improving NK cell generation and effector function in the field of NK cell adoptive transfer therapy against cancer, especially iPSC-derived NK cells.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal tumor resection without labeling and submucosal injection (NMSI-ESE) in the treatment of gastric small gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 49 patients diagnosed with gastric small gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery at the Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023. Among them, 23 cases underwent NMSI-ESE and 26 cases underwent traditional endoscopic submucosal tumor resection (ESE). We compared the clinical and pathological characteristics, surgical time, tumor removal time, number of metal clips used, surgical costs, postoperative hospitalization time, and incidence of complications between two groups of patients.Results:Compared with the ESE group, the NMSI-ESE group had shorter surgical time [38.95(26.50, 53.25)min vs 47.30(38.50, 52.25)min, Z=-2.60, P=0.011], shorter tumor removal time [17.27(8.75, 24.50)min vs 27.08(18.75, 35.00)min, Z=-4.32, P<0.001], and lower surgical costs [3 308(3.190, 3 450)yuan vs 4 107(3 972, 4 232)yuan, Z=-20.95, P<0.001], fewer metal clips used [(3.86±0.91) vs (5.04±1.22), t=-4.00, P<0.001], and shorter postoperative hospitalization time [3.1(2.0, 4.0)d vs 3.5(3.0, 4.0)d, Z=-2.20, P=0.031], There was no statistically significant difference in R0 resection rate and postoperative complications (all P>0.05). During the follow-up period, both groups of patients had no tumor recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions:NMSI-ESE is safe and effective in treating small gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and can shorten surgical and hospitalization time, as well as reduce medical costs compared to traditional ESE.

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/genetics* ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; Gene Editing

Bibenzyls, a kind of important plant polyphenols, have attracted growing attention for their broad and remarkable pharmacological activities. However, due to the low abundance in nature, uncontrollable and environmentally unfriendly chemical synthesis processes, these compounds are not readily accessible. Herein, one high-yield bibenzyl backbone-producing Escherichia coli strain was constructed by using a highly active and substrate-promiscuous bibenzyl synthase identified from Dendrobium officinale in combination with starter and extender biosynthetic enzymes. Three types of efficiently post-modifying modular strains were engineered by employing methyltransferases, prenyltransferase, and glycosyltransferase with high activity and substrate tolerance together with their corresponding donor biosynthetic modules. Structurally different bibenzyl derivatives were tandemly and/or divergently synthesized by co-culture engineering in various combination modes. Especially, a prenylated bibenzyl derivative ( 12) was found to be an antioxidant that exhibited potent neuroprotective activity in the cellular and rat models of ischemia stroke. RNA-seq, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western-blot analysis demonstrated that 12 could up-regulate the expression level of an apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondria associated 3 (Aifm3), suggesting that Aifm3 might be a new target in ischemic stroke therapy. This study provides a flexible plug-and-play strategy for the easy-to-implement synthesis of structurally diverse bibenzyls through a modular co-culture engineering pipeline for drug discovery.

Objective:To investigate the effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on depressive-like behavior and expression of type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor(GABAAR)in hippocampus of chronic restraint stress model mice.Methods:The SPF grade male C57BL/6C mice were divided into Control group, HSYA group, Model group, Model + HSYA group and Model + fluoxetine group according to random number table method, with 12 mice in each group.Mice model of depression was established by chronic restraint stress.Mice in HSYA group and Model+ HSYA group were intraperitoneally injected with HSYA(20 mg/kg), mice in Model+ fluoxetine group were injected intraperitoneally with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg), and mice in Control group and Model group administered with 0.9% sodium chloride solution intraperitoneally once a day for 14 days.Then, the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were performed to evaluate the depressive-like behavior of mice, and the protein expression levels of different subtypes of GABAAR in the hippocampus of mice were determined by Western blot.SPSS 19.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0 software were used for data statistical analysis and mapping.One-way ANOVA was used for comparison among groups, and Tukey-HSD test was used for further pairwise comparison.Results:(1) In the behavioral tests, there were significant differences in swimming immobility time of FST and tail suspension immobility time of TST among the five groups ( F=21.59, 20.81, both P<0.05). The swimming immobility time ((143.91±9.97) s) and tail suspension immobility time (( 107.00±6.54) s) in Model group were higher than those in Control group ((52.92±6.70) s, ( 43.50±5.96) s, both P<0.05). There were no significant difference in swimming immobility time and tail suspension immobility time between Model+ HSYA group ((26.17±7.69)s, ( 20.17±7.89)s) and Model+ fluoxetine group ((61.60±16.22)s, (34.14±10.74)s)(both P>0.05), but the swimming immobility time and tail suspension immobility time in these two groups were lower than those in Model group (both P<0.05). (2) The Western blot results showed that there were significant differences in the expression of GABAARβ1 and GABAARβ2 protein in hippocampus among the four groups ( F=12.21, 11.40, both P<0.05). The expression levels of GABAARβ1(45.60±10.76) and GABAARβ2 (46.27±4.82) protein in hippocampus of Model group were lower than those in Control group ((100.00±3.44), (100.00±3.26), both P<0.05). Compared to Model group, the expression of GABAARβ1 (79.91±5.00) and GABAARβ2 (79.08±5.53) protein in hippocampus of Model+ HSYA group were higher (both P<0.05). In addition, the expression of GABAARα1 and GABAARγ1 proteins in hippocampus were not significantly different among the four groups( F=0.23, 0.10, both P>0.05). Conclusion:HSYA can effectively alleviate depressive-like behavior in depression model mice, which may be related with the upregulation of GABAARβ1 and GABAARβ2 of hippocampus tissue.

OBJECTIVE：To establish HPLC fingerprint of Coptis chinensis inflorescence，and study its spectrum-effect relationship with antioxidant and antibacterial effects. METHODS ：Taking 14 batches of C. chinensis inflorescence from different producing areas as the object ，HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Supersil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ phosphoric acid solution（gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 25 ℃. The detection wavelength was set at 329 nm，and sample size was 10 μL. The fingerprints of 14 batches of C. chinensis inflorescence were established by Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Fingerprint （2012 A edition ），and the similarity evaluation and common peak identification were carried out. Taking DPPH free radical scavenging rate and hydroxyl radical scavenging rate as antioxidant effects index ，relative antibacterial activity （Escherichia coli ）as antibacterial effect index ， SPSS 21.0 software was adopted to analyze the Pearson correlation between common peaks of C. chinensis inflorescence and above efficacy indexes ；their spectrum-effect relationship was established and validated. RESULTS ：A total of 7 common peaks were obtained in HPLC fingerprint of C. chinensis inflorescence，and the similarity was no less than 0.916. No. 5 peak was identified as berberine hydrochloride. Seven common peaks were positively correlated with DPPH free radical scavenging rate ；No. 1-3，4，6，7 peaks were positively correlated with hydroxyl radical scavenging rate ，while No. 5 peak was negatively correlated with hydroxyl radical scavenging rate. There was a positive correlation between No. 5 peak and antibacterial activity in vitro . After validation ， relative error between the predicted values and the measured values of DPPH free radical scavenging rate ，hydroxyl radical scavenging rate and relative antibacterial activity was 0.92％- 14.5％ . CONLUSIONS ：The established spectrum-effect relationship model can be used to evaluate antioxidant andantibacterial effects of C. chinensis inflorescence. The chemical components represented by No. 1，2，3，4，6，7 peaks are the material basis of antioxidant effect of C. chinensis inflorescence， and berberine hydrochloride is the material basis of antibacterial effect.

Objective:To study the short-term effect of early application of intestinal microecological therapy after gastric cancer surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was made on 96 patients with early and middle stage gastric cancer who underwent surgical treatment in the department of gastrointestinal surgery of Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital from June 1, 2020 to May 31, 2021. Among them, 48 patients in the observation group were given enteral nutrition support treatment in the early stage after operation and intestinal microecological preparation, while the control group of 48 patients in the early postoperative were given enteral nutrition support. The serum total protein, albumin, prealbumin and other nutrition related indexes and immune related indexes such as CD4 + , CD8 + , CD4 + /CD8 + were detected before and 7 days after operation. The clinical indexes such as the time of first anal exhaust and the incidence of infectious complications were recorded. Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups in preoperative serum total protein, albumin, prealbumin and immune related indexes such as CD4 + , CD8 + , CD4 + /CD8 + ( P>0.05). 7 days after operation, the above indexes in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The anal exhaust recovery time of observation group was faster ( P<0.05); There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative infectious complications between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Early application of intestinal microecological agents in patients with gastric cancer after operation can significantly improve the nutritional status and immune function, promote the recovery of intestinal function, and will not increase the incidence of complications.

Objective:To explore the role of negative pressure drainage in the treatment of duodenal stump fistula after gastrectomy.Methods:The data of 36 patients with duodenal stump fistula admitted in our department from January 2016 to January 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the drainage mode of patients with intestinal fistula, the patients were divided into negative pressure drainage group (observation group) and conventional rubber tube drainage group (control group), 18 cases in each group. The incidence of complications and healing time of intestinal fistula in the two groups were observed.Results:There was no significant difference ( P>0.05) in the incidence of complications between the observation group (5.56%) and the control group (11.11%). There was a significant difference in the mean healing time between the observation group [(12.83±6.25)days] and the control group [(23.33±4.64)days] ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Negative pressure drainage is beneficial to the healing of duodenal stump fistula, and does not improve the incidence of postoperative complications. It is safe and effective. It can be used as a conventional drainage for gastrectomy.

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of ribonucleotide reductase small subunit M2 (RRM2) in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and related liver diseases. Methods: A total of 428 patients with chronic HBV infection and liver disease were enrolled from Songyang County People’s Hospital from October 2017 to September 2019. There were 166 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 53 cases of HBV-related cirrhosis, 28 cases of non-HBV-related cirrhosis, 57 cases of HBV-related liver cancer, 33 cases of non-HBV-related liver cancer, and 91 cases of non-viral hepatitis. In addition, 36 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. Among 166 cases of CHB, there were 87 patients with high viral load group (HBV DNA ≥4.0 lg IU/mL) and 79 patients with low viral load group (HBV DNA <4.0 lg IU/mL); while in 87 high viral load patients, 56 had high alanine transaminase (ALT) (≥40 U/L) and 31 had normal ALT (<40 U/L). The expression level of serum RRM2 protein in patients was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relationship of RRM2 expression with HBV DNA and liver function was analyzed. SPSS 23.0 and PRISM 8.0 statistical software were used to analyze data. Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman analysis. Results: The serum ALT and RRM2 levels in patients with high viral load CHB were higher than those in low viral load group (Z=-6.68, t=6.80, P<0.01). Patients with HBV-related cirrhosis had higher serum RRM2 levels than those with non-HBV-related cirrhosis (t=9.16, P<0.01). The serum RRM2 level was higher in patients with HBV-related liver cancer than that in patients with non-HBV-related liver cancer (t=12.42, P<0.01). Among patients with high viral load CHB, there was no significant difference in serum RRM2 levels between patients with ALT ≥40 U/L group and patients with ALT <40 U/L group (t=0.51, P>0.05). The level of ALT in the non-viral hepatitis group was higher than that in the healthy control group (Z=-8.43, P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in serum RRM2 levels between the two groups (t=1.03, P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that serum RRM2 level was positively correlated with HBV DNA load (r=0.51, P<0.01), but not correlated with liver function indicators such as ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (all P>0.05) in patients with chronic HBV infection and related liver diseases. Conclusions Serum RRM2 level is positively correlated with HBV DNA load and has no significant correlation with ALT. RRM2 might be used as a target for the development of new hepatitis B drugs.