In February 2025, a local cluster outbreak caused by the D8 genotype Measles virus (MV) was first discovered in Henan Province. Epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing were conducted, including the collection of serum and throat swabs for MV IgM antibody and nucleic acid detection, virus isolation and genetic homology analysis. Measures such as close contact tracing, vaccination rate assessment and supplementary immunization activities were implemented, successfully preventing broader community transmission. A total of three cases were reported during the outbreak, including one imported-related adolescent and two secondary local adult cases. All cases presented with typical symptoms such as fever and rash. Both adult cases were complicated by pneumonia, with one case developing into severe pneumonia. MV genotyping showed that the two secondary cases were both the D8 genotype, with the viral sequences being completely homologous to the Kazakhstan strain. Among the close contacts, 98.2% were adults, and 142 individuals received emergency vaccination.

In February 2025, a local cluster outbreak caused by the D8 genotype Measles virus (MV) was first discovered in Henan Province. Epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing were conducted, including the collection of serum and throat swabs for MV IgM antibody and nucleic acid detection, virus isolation and genetic homology analysis. Measures such as close contact tracing, vaccination rate assessment and supplementary immunization activities were implemented, successfully preventing broader community transmission. A total of three cases were reported during the outbreak, including one imported-related adolescent and two secondary local adult cases. All cases presented with typical symptoms such as fever and rash. Both adult cases were complicated by pneumonia, with one case developing into severe pneumonia. MV genotyping showed that the two secondary cases were both the D8 genotype, with the viral sequences being completely homologous to the Kazakhstan strain. Among the close contacts, 98.2% were adults, and 142 individuals received emergency vaccination.

Lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces (LCCA) represents a less common subtype of lung cancer, possessing special morphological features and imaging characteristics. The disease often presents atypically in its early stages, frequently leading to misdiagnosis, especially in the variant with the feature of thin, smooth walls. Although there has been a significant body of research on LCCA in recent years, the focus has predominantly been on the pathogenesis, imaging classification and diagnosis, and the correlation between pathological types and imaging morphology. But, there is a limited number of research on surgical treatment strategies and subsequent management of this condition. Furthermore, postoperative consolidation and internal medical treatments for lung cancer patients necessitate integration with TNM staging, particularly the pathological stage. However, due to the unique morphology of LCCA, the primary tumor assessment (T staging) appears insufficient for accurately predicting the prognosis of the tumor. This article provides a comprehensive review of the etiology and pathogenesis of LCCA, its clinical presentation, imaging and morphological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, pathological and genetic mutation characteristics, treatment, and prognosis, thereby serving as a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of LCCA.

Lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces (LCCA) represents a less common subtype of lung cancer, possessing special morphological features and imaging characteristics. The disease often presents atypically in its early stages, frequently leading to misdiagnosis, especially in the variant with the feature of thin, smooth walls. Although there has been a significant body of research on LCCA in recent years, the focus has predominantly been on the pathogenesis, imaging classification and diagnosis, and the correlation between pathological types and imaging morphology. But, there is a limited number of research on surgical treatment strategies and subsequent management of this condition. Furthermore, postoperative consolidation and internal medical treatments for lung cancer patients necessitate integration with TNM staging, particularly the pathological stage. However, due to the unique morphology of LCCA, the primary tumor assessment (T staging) appears insufficient for accurately predicting the prognosis of the tumor. This article provides a comprehensive review of the etiology and pathogenesis of LCCA, its clinical presentation, imaging and morphological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, pathological and genetic mutation characteristics, treatment, and prognosis, thereby serving as a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of LCCA.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms that mediate the neuroprotective effect of the intestinal microbial metabolite sodium butyrate(NaB)in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease(PD)via the gut-brain axis.Methods Thirty-nine 7-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomized equally into control group,PD model group,and NaB treatment group.In the latter two groups,PD models were established by intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)once daily for 5 consecutive days,and normal saline was injected in the control group.After modeling,the mice received daily gavage of NaB(300 mg/kg)or an equal volume of saline for 14 days.Behavioral tests were carried out to assess the changes in motor function of the mice,and Western blotting was performed to detect the expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and α-synuclein(α-syn)in the striatum and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),interleukin 6(IL-6),and the tight junction proteins ZO-1,Occludin,and Claudinin the colon.HE staining was used to observe inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon of the mice.RNA sequencing analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes in mouse colon tissues,and their expressions were verified using qRT-PCR and Western blotting.Results The mouse models of PD with NaB treatment showed significantly increased movement speed and pulling strength of the limbs with obviously upregulated expressions of TH,Occludin,and Claudin and downregulated expressions of α-syn,NF-κB,TNF-α,and IL-6(all P<0.05).HE staining showed that NaB treatment significantly ameliorated inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon of the PD mice.RNA sequencing suggested that Bmal1 gene probably mediated the neuroprotective effect of NaB in PD mice(P<0.05).Conclusion NaB can improve motor dysfunction,reduce dopaminergic neuron loss in the striatum,and ameliorate colonic inflammation in PD mice possibly through a mechanism involving Bmal1.

Drug therapy is a common method to cure diseases and relieve symptoms.The value of patient-reported outcome(PRO)in evaluating the effect of drug therapy has been increasingly paid attention.The PRO scale is a standardized questionnaire,which can scientifically evaluate the experiences and subjective effects of drug use from a patient-centered perspective,and help patients and clinicians make more reasonable medication decisions.By reviewing and sorting out relevant global literature,this paper found that the content of the PRO scales relevant to drug therapy focused on five fields:"medication satisfaction""medication adherence""drug treatment burden""medication-related quality of life"and"adverse drug reactions".This paper described the basic information,measurement characteristics and application of common scales in recent years respectively,and summarized and analyzed the problems and enlightenment of scale development,aiming to provide theoretical reference for the selection,application and development of PRO scales.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms that mediate the neuroprotective effect of the intestinal microbial metabolite sodium butyrate(NaB)in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease(PD)via the gut-brain axis.Methods Thirty-nine 7-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomized equally into control group,PD model group,and NaB treatment group.In the latter two groups,PD models were established by intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)once daily for 5 consecutive days,and normal saline was injected in the control group.After modeling,the mice received daily gavage of NaB(300 mg/kg)or an equal volume of saline for 14 days.Behavioral tests were carried out to assess the changes in motor function of the mice,and Western blotting was performed to detect the expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and α-synuclein(α-syn)in the striatum and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),interleukin 6(IL-6),and the tight junction proteins ZO-1,Occludin,and Claudinin the colon.HE staining was used to observe inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon of the mice.RNA sequencing analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes in mouse colon tissues,and their expressions were verified using qRT-PCR and Western blotting.Results The mouse models of PD with NaB treatment showed significantly increased movement speed and pulling strength of the limbs with obviously upregulated expressions of TH,Occludin,and Claudin and downregulated expressions of α-syn,NF-κB,TNF-α,and IL-6(all P<0.05).HE staining showed that NaB treatment significantly ameliorated inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon of the PD mice.RNA sequencing suggested that Bmal1 gene probably mediated the neuroprotective effect of NaB in PD mice(P<0.05).Conclusion NaB can improve motor dysfunction,reduce dopaminergic neuron loss in the striatum,and ameliorate colonic inflammation in PD mice possibly through a mechanism involving Bmal1.

Objective To explore clinical outcomes of extracorporeal shock wave and therapeutic ultrasound in the treatment of stenosing tenosynovitis of thumb flexor tendon.Methods A total of 138 patients with stenosing tenosynovitis of thumb flexor tendon admitted to the PLA General Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were enrolled in this study.They were divided into research group and control group,with 69 patients in each group.Patients in the control group were given injection of medication,and the patients in the research group were treated with extracorporeal shock wave combined with therapeutic ultrasound.Clinical effects,Quinnell grade and visual analogue scale(VAS)score before and 3 months after treatment were recorded.Results All the patients were followed up for 3 months.The total effective rate of the research group was 95.65%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(69.56%,P<0.05).Quinnell grade was significantly decreased in both groups after treatment,especially in the research group(P<0.05).The pain was decreased in both groups after treatment,and the VAS score of the research group was significantly lower than that of the control group one week,one month,and three months after treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion The therapy of extracorporeal shock wave combined with ultrasound is safe,acceptable,effective and non-invasive in the treatment of stenosing tenosynovitis of thumb flexor tendon which is worthy of popularization and application.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety profile of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir ± ribavirin (SOF/VEL/VOX±RBV) for salvage treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients who have failed direct-acting antivirals (DAAs).Methods:Patients with chronic hepatitis C who failed DAAs±RBV treatment and were treated in five hospitals in Chongqing, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Guangxi from January 2022 to December 2023 were included in this retrospective study. One or more courses of DAAs±RBV therapy were evaluated for all patients who had been previously treated. Virological rebound occurrence was observed during the follow-up. SOF/VEL/VOX±RBV was used for one course of salvage treatment. Virological and biochemical indicators were analyzed before salvage therapy, post-treatment, and drug discontinuation at 12 weeks. Adverse drug events were recorded during treatment. Data between groups were compared using t-tests or non-parametric tests.Results:A total of 26 cases of chronic hepatitis C who had failed DAAs±RBV were included in this study, with an age of (52.9±9.6) years. Twenty-one cases (80.8%) were male, sixteen (61.5%) had a history of drug abuse, two (7.7%) had combined human immunodeficiency virus infection, and fourteen (53.8%) had combined cirrhosis. The previous DAA regimen of 21 cases (80.8%) included SOF/VEL. The baseline HCV RNA load of salvage treatment was (5.8±1.6) log 10 IU/ml, and 16 cases (61.5%) were genotype 3. All patients completed the 12-week SOF/VEL/VOX±RBV salvage treatment and achieved sustained virological response (SVR) at the end of treatment. All 22 cases were followed up for 12 weeks following treatment completion and attained SVR12, including patients with genotype 3 and cirrhosis. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) had normalized return rates of 94.1% and 93.8%, respectively, following therapy. ALT, AST, FIB-4 index, APRI, and aPMAP scores were significantly lower than those before treatment ( Z=-3.980, -3.875, -3.461, -3.582, P<0.05). The proportion of patients in the high-risk group of liver cancer dropped (52.6% before treatment and 33.3% after treatment), and more patients were reclassified to medium-and low-risk groups. Two cases (7.7%) experienced nausea and diarrhea, one case (3.8%) had a headache, and one case (3.8%) had fatigue, all of which were well managed during treatment. There were no serious adverse events, deaths, or interruptions of treatment due to adverse reactions. Conclusions:SOF/VEL/VOX is a safe and effective salvage treatment option for chronic hepatitis C patients who have failed DAAs therapy, and may be particularly beneficial to refractory populations infected with genotype 3 and combined with cirrhosis.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety profile of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir ± ribavirin (SOF/VEL/VOX±RBV) for salvage treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients who have failed direct-acting antivirals (DAAs).Methods:Patients with chronic hepatitis C who failed DAAs±RBV treatment and were treated in five hospitals in Chongqing, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Guangxi from January 2022 to December 2023 were included in this retrospective study. One or more courses of DAAs±RBV therapy were evaluated for all patients who had been previously treated. Virological rebound occurrence was observed during the follow-up. SOF/VEL/VOX±RBV was used for one course of salvage treatment. Virological and biochemical indicators were analyzed before salvage therapy, post-treatment, and drug discontinuation at 12 weeks. Adverse drug events were recorded during treatment. Data between groups were compared using t-tests or non-parametric tests.Results:A total of 26 cases of chronic hepatitis C who had failed DAAs±RBV were included in this study, with an age of (52.9±9.6) years. Twenty-one cases (80.8%) were male, sixteen (61.5%) had a history of drug abuse, two (7.7%) had combined human immunodeficiency virus infection, and fourteen (53.8%) had combined cirrhosis. The previous DAA regimen of 21 cases (80.8%) included SOF/VEL. The baseline HCV RNA load of salvage treatment was (5.8±1.6) log 10 IU/ml, and 16 cases (61.5%) were genotype 3. All patients completed the 12-week SOF/VEL/VOX±RBV salvage treatment and achieved sustained virological response (SVR) at the end of treatment. All 22 cases were followed up for 12 weeks following treatment completion and attained SVR12, including patients with genotype 3 and cirrhosis. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) had normalized return rates of 94.1% and 93.8%, respectively, following therapy. ALT, AST, FIB-4 index, APRI, and aPMAP scores were significantly lower than those before treatment ( Z=-3.980, -3.875, -3.461, -3.582, P<0.05). The proportion of patients in the high-risk group of liver cancer dropped (52.6% before treatment and 33.3% after treatment), and more patients were reclassified to medium-and low-risk groups. Two cases (7.7%) experienced nausea and diarrhea, one case (3.8%) had a headache, and one case (3.8%) had fatigue, all of which were well managed during treatment. There were no serious adverse events, deaths, or interruptions of treatment due to adverse reactions. Conclusions:SOF/VEL/VOX is a safe and effective salvage treatment option for chronic hepatitis C patients who have failed DAAs therapy, and may be particularly beneficial to refractory populations infected with genotype 3 and combined with cirrhosis.