OBJECTIVE To establish a quantitative analysis model for the contents of tussilagone， moisture， ethanol-soluble extract and total ash in Farfarae Flos based on near-infrared spectroscopy （NIRS）， providing a new idea for the rapid quality evaluation of Farfarae Flos and its preparations. METHODS Referring to the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia， the contents of the main quality control indexes tussilagone， moisture， ethanol-soluble extract and total ash in 130 batches of Farfarae Flos from 19 producing areas were determined by HPLC， drying method， hot dip method and ash assay， respectively. The NIRS data information of the medicinal herbs of Farfarae Flos was collected， and then NIRS combined with the partial least squares method was used to establish the individual quantitative analysis models of the above quality control indexes in the samples， and the predictive model of the NIRS content was obtained after sample validation with validation set. RESULTS The range for the contents of tussilagone， moisture， ethanol-soluble extract and total ash in 130 batches of Farfarae Flos were 0.051 4%-0.103 5%， 7.75%-10.93%， 20.17%-31.12%， and 7.68%-12.10%， respectively. The internal cross-validation coefficients of determination （R2） of the established models for the quantitative analysis of tussilagone， moisture， ethanol-soluble extract and total ash in Farfarae Flos were 0.985 8， 0.968 4， 0.973 4， 0.988 0， respectively； the root mean square errors of calibration （RMSEC） were 0.001 54， 0.187， 0.478， 0.127， respectively； the root mean square errors of prediction （RMSEP） were 0.001 81， 0.212， 0.543， 0.149， respectively； RMSEP/RMSEC were 1.175 3， 1.133 7， 1.136 0 and 1.173 2， respectively， which were all within a reasonable range （1＜RMSEP/RMSEC≤1.2）. The mean absolute errors between the true and model-predicted values of the above four quality control indexes in the validation set of samples were －0.000 36， 0.061 43， 0.144 00， and 0.010 43， respectively，and the mean predicted recoveries were 99.65%， 100.72%，100.66%， and 100.15%， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established NIRS quantitative analysis model has high stability and reliable results， which can be used for the rapid batch prediction of the content of relevant quality control indexes in Farfarae Flos.

Objective:To compare the accuracy of 11 ultrasound parameters prediction formulas for fetal body mass,and to explore the effect of gestational weight gain(GWG)on the accuracy of ultrasound prediction of fetal body mass.Methods:A total of 502 single and full-term postpartum women who gave birth from August 2020 to December 2020 at Jinshan Hospital,Fudan University were collected.The gestational weight gain,fetal ultrasound measurement indicators within 7 days before delivery,and newborn birth weight were calculated and analyzed.The accuracy of multiple ultrasound prediction formulas were calculated and analyzed.According to the criteria for weight gain during pregnancy,the reasonable weight gain during pregnancy was 12.5-18.0 kg for singleton pregnancies with pre-pregnancy(body mass index)BMI<18.5 kg/m2,11.5-16.0 kg for those with BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2,7.0-11.5 kg for those with BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2,and 5.0-9.0 kg for those with BMI≥30.0 kg/m2.The cases were divided into the group with insufficient GWG(125 cases),the normal group(202 cases),and the group with too much GWG(175 cases)to analyze the effect of different GWG on the accuracy of ultrasound pre-diction of fetal body mass.Results:Among the 11 ultrasound parameter formulas for predicting fetal body mass,the HadlockⅢformula predicted fetal body mass with an absolute error of 186.64±149.28 g and a relative error of(5.52±4.18)%,which was the smallest error among 11 prediction formulas,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The absolute and relative error compliance rates were 72.31%,86.25%,respectively,both of which were the highest,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).When the HadlockⅢformula was used to predict birth weight in the insufficient GWG group,the normal group,and the group with too much GWG,the absolute errors were 190.23±136.69 g,148.12±99.39 g,228.54±189.57 g,and the relative errors were(5.95±4.25)%,(4.40±2.78)%,(6.49±5.09)%,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:The accuracy of Hadlock Ⅲ formula in predicting fetal body mass is better than that of other formulas,but its accuracy can be affected by GWG,and it is necessary to consider multiple as-pects when estimating fetal body mass in clinical practice.

Threatened abortion is a common disease of obstetrics and gynecology and one of the diseases responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The China Association of Chinese Medicine organized experts in TCM obstetrics and gynecology， Western medicine obstetrics and gynecology， and pharmacology to deeply discuss the advantages of TCM and integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment as well as the medication plans for threatened abortion. After discussion， the experts concluded that chromosome， endocrine， and immune abnormalities were the key factors for the occurrence of threatened abortion， and the Qi and blood disorders in thoroughfare and conception vessels were the core pathogenesis. In the treatment of threatened abortion， TCM has advantages in preventing miscarriages， alleviating clinical symptoms and TCM syndromes， relieving anxiety， regulating reproductive endocrine and immune abnormalities， personalized and diversified treatment， enhancing efficiency and reducing toxicity， and preventing the disease before occurrence. The difficulty in diagnosis and treatment of threatened abortion with traditional Chinese and Western medicine lies in identifying the predictors of abortion caused by maternal factors and the treatment of thrombophilia. Recurrent abortion is the breakthrough point of treatment with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. It is urgent to carry out high-quality evidence-based medicine research in the future to improve the modern diagnosis and treatment of threatened abortion with TCM.

Objective:To investigate the significance of menstrual abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) for the prediction of future combined metabolic syndrome (MS) and compare the differences in intestinal flora structure between patients with MS and those without.Methods:A case-control study was used to select 111 patients with PCOS who attended the outpatient clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Jinshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University between February 2021 and December 2023, and they were divided into the group of PCOS not combined with MS ( n=74, recorded as the NMS group) and the group of PCOS combined with MS ( n=37, recorded as the MS group). The menstrual-related information and stool specimens of all cases were collected to analyze the menstrual characteristics of the two groups and their predictive significance for PCOS combined with MS; and the intestinal flora of the two groups were analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Results:The age of menstrual changes [(23.47±4.73) years], time of menstrual changes occurring after menarche [(9.85±5.11) years], and duration of menstrual changes [(3.43±2.78) years] in the NMS group were statistically significantly different when compared with those in the MS group [(20.71±3.61) years, P=0.020; (7.04±3.34) years, P=0.025; (7.63±3.47) years, P<0.001]. The rate of menstrual abnormality, scanty menstruation and amenorrhea were higher in the MS group than in the NMS group, and the difference in the ratio of the composition of the menstrual pattern between the two groups was statistically significant ( P=0.036). The differences in the rates of menstrual abnormalities 8 years later after menarche between the two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05), and the ORs from 8 to 13 years after menarche were 2.76 (95% CI: 1.07-7.11), 3.68 (95% CI: 1.28-10.56), 3.27 (95% CI: 1.13-9.41), 3.07 (95% CI: 1.06-8.87), 4.20 (95% CI: 1.16-15.21), 11.57 (95% CI: 1.48-90.49), respectively; the difference in the rate of menstrual abnormality between the two groups with menstrual alteration duration of more than 4 years was also statistically significant (all P<0.05), and the ORs for menstrual alteration duration of 4-9 years were 8.89 (95% CI: 2.14-36.99), 11.88 (95% CI: 3.07-46.02), 16.56 (95% CI: 4.15-66.13), 11.25 (95% CI: 2.88-32.95), 7.80 (95% CI: 2.04-29.84), and 10.00 (95% CI: 1.91-52.48), respectively. The α-diversity index of intestinal flora was lower in the MS group than in the NMS group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). At the phylum level, there was a statistically significant difference in the abundance of intestinal flora between the two groups ( P<0.001), the abundance of Bacteroidetes was lower in the MS group than in the NMS group, and the abundance of the Firmicutes was similar in the two groups. At the genus level, there was a statistically significant difference in the abundance of intestinal flora between the two groups ( P<0.001), the abundance of Bifidobacterium decreased and the abundance of Streptococcus and Escherichia increased in the MS group compared with those in the NMS group. Conclusion:Abnormal menstruation 8 years later after menarche in patients with PCOS is predictive of future MS, and its predictive effect increases with age, but does not change significantly with the duration of disease in abnormal menstruation. The structure of the intestinal flora of patients with MS in PCOS is indeed significantly different from that of those without MS.

Objective:To investigate the significance of menstrual abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) for the prediction of future combined metabolic syndrome (MS) and compare the differences in intestinal flora structure between patients with MS and those without.Methods:A case-control study was used to select 111 patients with PCOS who attended the outpatient clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Jinshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University between February 2021 and December 2023, and they were divided into the group of PCOS not combined with MS ( n=74, recorded as the NMS group) and the group of PCOS combined with MS ( n=37, recorded as the MS group). The menstrual-related information and stool specimens of all cases were collected to analyze the menstrual characteristics of the two groups and their predictive significance for PCOS combined with MS; and the intestinal flora of the two groups were analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Results:The age of menstrual changes [(23.47±4.73) years], time of menstrual changes occurring after menarche [(9.85±5.11) years], and duration of menstrual changes [(3.43±2.78) years] in the NMS group were statistically significantly different when compared with those in the MS group [(20.71±3.61) years, P=0.020; (7.04±3.34) years, P=0.025; (7.63±3.47) years, P<0.001]. The rate of menstrual abnormality, scanty menstruation and amenorrhea were higher in the MS group than in the NMS group, and the difference in the ratio of the composition of the menstrual pattern between the two groups was statistically significant ( P=0.036). The differences in the rates of menstrual abnormalities 8 years later after menarche between the two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05), and the ORs from 8 to 13 years after menarche were 2.76 (95% CI: 1.07-7.11), 3.68 (95% CI: 1.28-10.56), 3.27 (95% CI: 1.13-9.41), 3.07 (95% CI: 1.06-8.87), 4.20 (95% CI: 1.16-15.21), 11.57 (95% CI: 1.48-90.49), respectively; the difference in the rate of menstrual abnormality between the two groups with menstrual alteration duration of more than 4 years was also statistically significant (all P<0.05), and the ORs for menstrual alteration duration of 4-9 years were 8.89 (95% CI: 2.14-36.99), 11.88 (95% CI: 3.07-46.02), 16.56 (95% CI: 4.15-66.13), 11.25 (95% CI: 2.88-32.95), 7.80 (95% CI: 2.04-29.84), and 10.00 (95% CI: 1.91-52.48), respectively. The α-diversity index of intestinal flora was lower in the MS group than in the NMS group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). At the phylum level, there was a statistically significant difference in the abundance of intestinal flora between the two groups ( P<0.001), the abundance of Bacteroidetes was lower in the MS group than in the NMS group, and the abundance of the Firmicutes was similar in the two groups. At the genus level, there was a statistically significant difference in the abundance of intestinal flora between the two groups ( P<0.001), the abundance of Bifidobacterium decreased and the abundance of Streptococcus and Escherichia increased in the MS group compared with those in the NMS group. Conclusion:Abnormal menstruation 8 years later after menarche in patients with PCOS is predictive of future MS, and its predictive effect increases with age, but does not change significantly with the duration of disease in abnormal menstruation. The structure of the intestinal flora of patients with MS in PCOS is indeed significantly different from that of those without MS.

We developed a method for accurate quantification of the intact virus particles in inactivated avian influenza virus feedstocks. To address the problem of impurities interference in the detection of inactivated avian influenza virus feedstocks by direct high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), we firstly investigated polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and ion exchange chromatography (IEC) for H5N8 antigen purification. Under the optimized conditions, the removal rate of impurity was 86.87% in IEC using DEAE FF, and the viral hemagglutination recovery was 100%. HPSEC was used to analyze the pretreated samples. The peak of 8.5-10.0 min, which was the characteristic adsorption of intact virus, was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and dynamic light scattering. It was almost free of impurities and the particle size was uniform with an average particle size of 127.7 nm. After adding antibody to the IEC pretreated samples for HPSEC detection, the characteristic peak disappeared, indicating that IEC pretreatment effectively removed the impurities. By coupling HPSEC with multi-angle laser scattering technique (MALLS), the amount of intact virus particles in the sample could be accurately quantified with a good linear relationship between the number of virus particles and the chromatographic peak area (R²=0.997). The established IEC pretreatment-HPSEC-MALLS assay was applied to accurate detection of the number of intact virus particles in viral feedstocks of different subtypes (H7N9), different batches and different concentrations, all with good applicability and reproducibility, Relative standard deviation < 5%, n=3.
Animals ; Reproducibility of Results ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; Influenza in Birds ; Chromatography, Gel ; Virion ; Lasers

Objective To explore the safety and efficiency of sequential operation of Tirelizumab combined with chemotherapy in neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from August 2018 to June 2022.The immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy sequential surgery patients were selected as the observation group(29 cases)and the chemotherapy sequential surgery patients were selected as the control group(31 cases)according to the treatment method.The study aimed to analyze whether there were differences in efficacy and safety between the two groups.Results There are 28 patients with R0 resection in the observation group,and 14 case reached ORR.In the control group,29 cases were resected with R0,and 7 cases reached ORR.The proportion of ORR patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group,which was statistically significant(P＜0.05).There were 9 patients with pCR in the observation group and 2 patients with pCR in the control group,and the proportion of pCR patients in the two groups was significantly different(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups for preoperative and postoperative adverse events.Conclusion Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy sequential surgery are safe and reliable in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer,with significant short-term efficacy,and long-term efficacy remains to be observed.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience in the treatment of postoperative upper gastrointestinal cancer of esophageal cancer.Methods The clinical data of 16 patients with postoperative upper gastrointestinal malignancies treated in our hospital from January 2018 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Results All the 16 patients successfully completed the operation,and no perioperative death occurred.The cumulative length of hospitalization was 18-38 days.After operation,2 cases of pulmonary infection,1 case of respiratory failure,and 1 case of cervical anastomotic fistula were cured after conservative treatment.All patients could eat normally during postoperative follow-up,and no tumor recurrence and metastasis was found.Conclusion For patients with recurrent upper gastrointestinal cancer after esophageal cancer surgery,if the lesion is relatively limited,surgical treatment is reliable and an optional treatment plan.

Endometriosis is a common and frequently occurring disease among women of childbearing age, which seriously affects the the patient's fertility and quality of life. Ubiquitin proteins exist widely in all kinds of cells and participate in many physiological or pathological processes, such as cell cycle regulation, transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, inflammatory response, apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that ubiquitin proteins are involved in the origin and development of endometriosis, so this article reviews the roles of different ubiquitin proteins in endometriosis.

The placenta is the site of material exchange and barrier between mother and the offspring, plays a crucial role in the growth of fetus. Dysfunction of placenta is responsible for varies of adverse pregnancy outcome. Current in vitro experimental models of the placenta all have their limitations and are insufficient for research. Recently, organoid and organ-on-a-chip technology develop rapidly, and provide a potentially powerful approach to drug discovery and basic medical research. Organoids derived from human placenta closely resemble origin trophoblast in cell phenotype, genetic expression and so on. Placenta organ-on-a-chip mimics the placenta barrier and has been used in research of drug transport across the placenta. Establishment of placenta organoid-on-a-chip, or multi-organ chip contains placenta and endometrium cells can be a potential direction of research in the future.