BackgroundPerceived discrimination has been identified as a main risk factor for depression in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Chronic Illness Rejection and Discrimination Scale （CIRDS） is a measure for assessing perceived discrimination in individuals with chronic disease. However， the Chinese version of CIRDS for maintenance hemodialysis patients has not yet been established. ObjectiveTo translate CIRDS into Chinese version and evaluate its reliability and validity in maintenance hemodialysis patients， so as to provide an effective tool for assessing the perceived discrimination among maintenance hemodialysis patients. MethodsThe Brislin's model for translation， back-translation， cross-cultural adaptation and pre-experimentation was utilized to develop a Chinese version of CIRDS. A coherent of 250 maintenance hemodialysis patients attending Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Medical College， from July to October 2023 were selected as the research subjects. The formal scale was refined by employing item analysis， exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The validity of the scale was evaluated using content validity and construct validity. The reliability of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach's α coefficient， test-retest reliability and split-half reliability. ResultsThe Chinese version of CIRDS consisted of 11 items， including 2 factors （perceived discrimination and perceived rejection）. The scale-level content validity index （S-CVI） value was 0.898 and the item-level content validity index （I-CVI） values ranged from 0.875 to 1.000. Two common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis and explained 65.41% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis also indicated that the model provided a good fit for the data. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.910， with Cronbach's α coefficients of 0.835 and 0.912 for the perceived discrimination and perceived rejection， respectively. The split-half reliability of the scale was 0.803， and the test-retest reliability was 0.920. ConclusionThe Chinese version of CIRDS has excellent reliability and validity， which can be used to evaluate the perceived discrimination in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of fertility-sparing surgery on fertility and prognosis in patients with early-stage (stage FIGO Ⅰ) borderline ovarian tumor.Methods:The clinical files of patients who were diagnosed with stage FIGO Ⅰ borderline ovarian tumor and underwent fertility-sparing surgery from October 2009 to October 2019 at Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Southern Medical University and Tongren People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were followed up to March 2020 to record their survival and pregnancy.Results:A total of 30 patients with borderline ovarian tumor were included in this study (18 cases were stage Ⅰa, 12 cases were stage Ⅰc). The pathological diagnoses of the tumors were serous in 18,mucinous in 10 and endometrioid in 2. The median follow-up time was 42 months, and 3 patients (10.0%) experienced recurrence. At the end of the follow-up, all the patients were survival without tumor. There were 22 planned pregnancies and 13 (59.1%) spontaneous pregnancies with successful delivery. The offspring were healthy without deformity.Conclusion:For the patients with stage FIGO Ⅰ borderline ovarian tumor who want to retain fertility, fertility-sparing surgery may be safe and feasible.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of fertility-sparing surgery on fertility and prognosis in patients with early-stage (stage FIGO Ⅰ) borderline ovarian tumor.Methods:The clinical files of patients who were diagnosed with stage FIGO Ⅰ borderline ovarian tumor and underwent fertility-sparing surgery from October 2009 to October 2019 at Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Southern Medical University and Tongren People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were followed up to March 2020 to record their survival and pregnancy.Results:A total of 30 patients with borderline ovarian tumor were included in this study (18 cases were stage Ⅰa, 12 cases were stage Ⅰc). The pathological diagnoses of the tumors were serous in 18,mucinous in 10 and endometrioid in 2. The median follow-up time was 42 months, and 3 patients (10.0%) experienced recurrence. At the end of the follow-up, all the patients were survival without tumor. There were 22 planned pregnancies and 13 (59.1%) spontaneous pregnancies with successful delivery. The offspring were healthy without deformity.Conclusion:For the patients with stage FIGO Ⅰ borderline ovarian tumor who want to retain fertility, fertility-sparing surgery may be safe and feasible.