Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

Objective To understand the growth and development status and differences between small for gestational age(SGA)and appropriate for gestational age(AGA)preterm infants during corrected ages 0-24 months,and to provide a basis for early health interventions for preterm infants.Methods A retrospective study was conducted,selecting 824 preterm infants who received regular health care at the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from July 2019 to July 2022,including 144 SGA and 680 AGA infants.The growth data of SGA and AGA groups at birth and corrected ages 0-24 months were analyzed and compared.Results The SGA group had significantly lower weight and length than the AGA group at corrected ages 0-18 months(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences between the two groups at corrected age 24 months(P>0.05).At corrected age 24 months,85%(34/40)of SGA and 79%(74/94)of AGA preterm infants achieved catch-up growth.Stratified analysis by gestational age showed that there were significant differences in weight and length at corrected ages 0-9 months between the SGA subgroup with gestational age<34 weeks and the AGA subgroups with gestational age<34 weeks and≥34 weeks(P<0.05).In addition,the weight and length of the SGA subgroup with gestational age≥34 weeks showed significant differences compared to the AGA subgroups with gestational age<34 weeks and≥34 weeks at corrected ages 0-18 months and corrected ages 0-12 months,respectively(P<0.05).Catch-up growth for SGA infants with gestational age<34 weeks and≥34 weeks mainly occurred at corrected ages 0-12 months and corrected ages 0-18 months,respectively.Conclusions SGA infants exhibit delayed early-life physical growth compared to AGA infants,but can achieve a higher proportion of catch-up growth by corrected age 24 months than AGA infants.Catch-up growth can be achieved earlier in SGA infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks compared to those with≥34 weeks.

As artificial intelligence technology rapidly advances, its deployment within the medical sector presents substantial ethical challenges. Consequently, it becomes crucial to create a standardized, transparent, and secure framework for processing medical data. This includes setting the ethical boundaries for medical artificial intelligence and safeguarding both patient rights and data integrity. This consensus governs every facet of medical data handling through artificial intelligence, encompassing data gathering, processing, storage, transmission, utilization, and sharing. Its purpose is to ensure the management of medical data adheres to ethical standards and legal requirements, while safeguarding patient privacy and data security. Concurrently, the principles of compliance with the law, patient privacy respect, patient interest protection, and safety and reliability are underscored. Key issues such as informed consent, data usage, intellectual property protection, conflict of interest, and benefit sharing are examined in depth. The enactment of this expert consensus is intended to foster the profound integration and sustainable advancement of artificial intelligence within the medical domain, while simultaneously ensuring that artificial intelligence adheres strictly to the relevant ethical norms and legal frameworks during the processing of medical data.
Artificial Intelligence/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Computer Security/standards* ; Confidentiality/ethics* ; Informed Consent/ethics*

Hyperuricemia is a chronic metabolic disease caused by purine metabolism disorder or uric acid excretion disorder. The experimental animal model of hyperuricemia is the basis for studying the pathological mechanism and drug treatment of hyperuricemia. This paper reviews the experimental animal models of hyperuricemia commonly used in drug research, and introduces the modeling principle, preparation methods, species selection and related detection techniques of the models, so as to provide reference for the application of such models in research.

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

The purpose of this study was to establish a suitable method for extracting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from C57BL/6 mice. A patch clamp electrode puller was used to draw a glass micropipette, and a brain stereotaxic device was used to fix the mouse's head at an angle of 135° from the body. Under a stereoscopic microscope, the skin and muscle tissue on the back of the mouse's head were separated, and the dura mater at the cerebellomedullary cistern was exposed. The glass micropipette (with an angle of 20° to 30° from the dura mater) was used to puncture at a point 1 mm inboard of Y-shaped dorsal vertebral artery for CSF sampling. After the first extraction, the glass micropipette was connected with a 1 mL sterile syringe to form a negative pressure device for the second extraction. The results showed that the successful rate of CSF extraction was 83.33% (30/36). Average CSF extraction amount was (7.16 ± 0.43) μL per mouse. In addition, C57BL/6 mice were given intranasally ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) to establish a model of brain iron accumulation, and the CSF extraction technique established in the present study was used for sampling. The results showed that iron content in the CSF from the normal saline control group was not detected, while the iron content in the CSF from FAC-treated group was (76.24 ± 38.53) μmol/L, and the difference was significant. These results suggest that glass micropipette vacuum technique of CSF sampling established in the present study has the advantages of simplicity, high success rate, large extraction volume, and low bleeding rate, and is suitable for the research on C57BL/6 mouse neurological disease models.
Mice ; Animals ; Vacuum ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Cisterna Magna ; Brain ; Cerebrospinal Fluid

Hepatic cholesterol accumulation is an important contributor to hypercholesterolemia, which results in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) is a key lipogenic enzyme that converts cytosolic citrate derived from tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) to acetyl-CoA in the cytoplasm. Therefore, ACLY represents a link between mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation and cytosolic de novo lipogenesis. In this study, we developed the small molecule 326E with an enedioic acid structural moiety as a novel ACLY inhibitor, and its CoA-conjugated form 326E-CoA inhibited ACLY activity with an IC₅₀ = 5.31 ± 1.2 μmol/L in vitro. 326E treatment reduced de novo lipogenesis, and increased cholesterol efflux in vitro and in vivo. 326E was rapidly absorbed after oral administration, exhibited a higher blood exposure than that of the approved ACLY inhibitor bempedoic acid (BA) used for hypercholesterolemia. Chronic 326E treatment in hamsters and rhesus monkeys resulted in remarkable improvement of hyperlipidemia. Once daily oral administration of 326E for 24 weeks prevented the occurrence of atherosclerosis in ApoE^-/- mice to a greater extent than that of BA treatment. Taken together, our data suggest that inhibition of ACLY by 326E represents a promising strategy for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Wutou Chishizhi Wan in regulating autophagy and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK-3β） signaling pathway in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI）. MethodSixty male SD rats were randomly assigned into the normal group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， positive control （trimetazidine， 5.4 mg·kg^-1） group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （1.63， 4.9， 14.7 g·kg^-1， respectively） Wutou Chishizhi Wan groups， with 10 rats in each group. The rats in other groups except the normal group underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for modeling. Electrocardiogram was employed to detect the ST-segment elevation to evaluate the modeling. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to reveal the damage of myocardial tissue. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and creatine kinase （CK） were determined by colorimetry， and those of cardiac troponin T （cTnT） and myoglobin （MYO） by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Western blot was carried out to determine the protein levels of microtubule-associated proteins 1 light chain 3 （LC3）， autophagy-related gene Beclin-1， PI3K， Akt， GSK-3β， p-GSK-3β， and p-Akt. ResultCompared with the normal group， the modeling elevated the serum levels of AST， CK， cTnT， and MYO （P<0.01）， destroyed the arrangement of myocardial cells abd nucle， twisted and broken myocardial fibers， up-regulated the protein levels of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ and Beclin-1 （P<0.01）， and down-regulated the protein levels of PI3K， p-Akt， and p-GSK-3β （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， trimetazidine and Wutou Chishizhi Wan （all the doses） lowered the levels of AST， CK， cTnT， and MYO in serum （P<0.01）， restored the arrangement of myocardial cells and muscle fibers， reduced necrosis， down-regulated the protein level of Beclin-1 （P<0.01）， and up-regulated the protein levels of PI3K， p-Akt， and p-GSK-3β （P<0.01）. Additionally， Wutou Chishizhi Wan （all the doses） down-regulated the protein level of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with those in the trimetazidine group， the serum AST level rose in the low-dose Wutou Chishizhi Wan group （P<0.05） and declined in the high-dose group （P<0.01）， and the protein level of Beclin-1 was down-regulated in the medium-dose group （P<0.01）. Additionally， the trimetazidine group had higher protein level of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ than medium- and high-dose Wutou Chishizhi Wan groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）， higher protein level of PI3K than low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （P<0.01）， lower protein level of p-Akt than low- and medium-dose groups （P<0.01）， and higher p-GSK-3β protein level than the medium-dose group （P<0.01）. ConclusionDifferent doses of Wutou Chishizhi Wan can ameliorate MIRI， and the high dose has the best effect. Wutou Chishizhi Wan can reduce the activity of myocardial injury markers AST， CK， cTnT， and MYO， and alleviate the pathological damage of myocardial tissue. It can down-regulate the protein levels of beclin-1， LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ， and up-regulate those of PI3K， p-Akt， and p-GSK-3β. In summary， Wutou Chishizhi Wan may inhibit excessive autophagy and regulate the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway to exert protective effect on MIRI rats.

Objective To analyze the disease burden caused by occupational coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) in Anhui Methods Province. A total of 1 649 patients with occupational CWP diagnosed in Anhui Province from 1950 to 2019 were selected as the study subjects using a retrospective study method. Age, gender, survival time, location, working age of disease onset, age of death, stage and date of diagnosis of CWP, comorbidities at the time of investigation, hospitalization and outpatient expenses in the past year, cost of absence from work, cost of absence from work of caregivers, and cost of nutrition and transportation were investigated. The years of life lost, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability adjusted life years (DALYs) Results and economic losses were calculated. Among these patients, 1 405 cases survived and 244 cases died. In the age range - - - of 20.0 70.0 years, the YLDs of surviving patients were 2.12 22.20 (8.19±3.59) person years. The YLDs of patients with disease vs - P complications was higher than that of patients without complications [(8.55±3.95) (7.87±3.21) person years, <0.01]. The total - - DALYs of the patients was 14 031.59 person years, and the average per capita DALYs was 8.51 person years. Its YLDs accounted for 82.0 % of the total DALYs. The total economic loss caused by CWP in the 1 405 surviving patients was 354.903 0 Conclusion million yuan, and the average per capita economic loss was 252 600 yuan. The disease burden caused by CWP is relatively high in Anhui Province. In addition to early detection, diagnosis and treatment, it is necessary to focus on prevention and treatment of CWP complications to reduce the disease burden.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (syMRI) quantitative parameters for benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods:From September 2018 to March 2019, a total of 43 cases of breast lesions which were confirmed by surgery and pathology in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent syMRI sequence scans before and after enhancement except for conventional T2WI, DWI, and enhancement scans. GE AW4.7 workstation was used to generate syMRI parameter maps (T1, T2, proton density mappings), and ITK-SNAP software was used to delineate the volume of interest. The T1, T2, PD values before and after dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) were obtained, and the change values of each parameter were calculated. Meanwhile, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and time intensity curve (TIC) of the lesions were measured. The differences of each parameter value were compared between benign and malignant breast lesions, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic performance of each parameter.Results:Among the 43 enrolled cases, 13 were benign and 30 were malignant. Among the syMRI parameters, the pre-enhancement parameters including T1pre (median 1 663.07 ms), T2pre (median 103.33 ms), post-enhancement parameters ΔT1 (median 1 022.68 ms) and ΔT2 (median 27.67 ms) of benign group, significantly higher than those of the malignant group (the medians were 1 141.74, 92.53, 664.95, and 16.19 ms, respectively, P<0.05). The ADC value of the benign group (median 1.66×10 -3mm 2/s) was significantly higher than that of the malignant group (median 1.00×10 -3mm 2/s, P<0.05). The benign group included 6 cases of TIC curve type Ⅰ, 5 cases of type Ⅱ, and 2 cases of type Ⅲ. The malignant group included 2 cases of TIC curve type Ⅰ, 17 cases of type Ⅱ, and 11 cases of type Ⅲ. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of T1pre before DCE was 0.869, higher than 0.806 of ADC and 0.697 of TIC. When the best cut-off value of 1 282.94 ms was chosen, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis were 76.9% and 93.3%, respectively. The combination of T1pre and T2pre can further improve the diagnostic performance (AUC=0.908). Conclusions:Among the syMRI quantitative parameters, T1pre, T2pre, ΔT1 and ΔT2 have good value for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions. T1pre has the best diagnostic performance, and the combination of T1pre and T2pre can further improve the diagnostic performance.