Aim To invepredict the mechanism of ac-tion and targets of the traditional Chinese medicine compound Zheng Gan Decoction against hepatocellular carcinoma based on bioinformatics,and to experimen-tally verify the mechanism of anticancer action of Zheng Gan Decoction against DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in a rat model.Methods The compounds of CZLF were collected from TCMSP and HERB Herbal Histology Database,and the potential targets of CZLF were predicted from Uniprot Protein Database,and the disease targets of hepatocellular carcinoma were searched with the help of OMIM,TTD,and Gene Cards databases,and then Venny analysis was per-formed on the targets of the disease-drugs,and then the protein-drug interactions(PI)of CZLF were mapped by String database,which was used for the study.After that,we used String database to draw pro-tein-protein interaction(PPI)network,R 4.1.3 soft-ware and Metascape database to enrich gene ontology(GO)and analyze KEGG signaling pathway for the core intersected targets,and finally,we used Cyto-scape 3.8.2 software for visualization to construct"compound-pathway-target-disease".Lastly,Cytoscape 3.8.2 software was used to visualize and construct a"compound-pathway-target-disease"network diagram,which was finally verified by Western blot experiment.Results Bioinformatics results showed that there were 171 common targets between Zheng Gan Decoction and diseases,and Zheng Gan Decoction might exert its an-ticancer effect through the main active ingredients such as lignans,quercetin,β-glutosterol,ivy saponin,etc.,as well as through the core protein targets such as CASP3,BCL2,AKT1,IL6,etc.,and the modula-tion of the Hippo signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt sig-naling pathway.The results of animal experiments showed that the expression content of apoptosis-related proteins caspase-3,BCL-2 and Bax was detected by Western blot,and the expression of Bax and caspase-3 proteins was up-regulated and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated in the treatment group of Zheng Gan Decoction.Conclusions This study sug-gests that Zheng Gan Decoction may inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and promote the apop-tosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating the apoptosis-related proteins of caspase-3,Bcl-2,and Bax,so as to achieve the effect of anti-hepatocellular carcinoma.

Porcine parvovirus(PPV)is a causative agent of porcine parvovirus infection(PPI),which significantly impacts the pig industry due to its association with reproductive dysfunction.The condition is characterized by stillbirth,mummified fetuses,fetal weakness,and abortion in pregnant sows.The pathogenic mechanism remains incompletely understood,with no effective therapeutic drugs available currently.Despite extensive research on the host's response to PPV in-fection and identification of various signaling pathway transduction mechanisms,a comprehensive understanding is still lacking.This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding al-terations in related signaling pathways following PPV infection,provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of PPV and facilitate the drug development.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis(PM),and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)isolates in Chinese children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information,laboratory data,and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.Results Among the 160 children with PM,there were 103 males and 57 females.The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years,with 109 cases(68.1% )aged 3 months to under 3 years.SP strains were isolated from 95 cases(59.4% )in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases(35.6% )in blood cultures.The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87)and 27% (21/78),respectively.Fifty-five cases(34.4% )had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis,113 cases(70.6% )had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci,and 18 cases(11.3% )had underlying diseases.The most common clinical symptoms were fever(147 cases,91.9% ),followed by lethargy(98 cases,61.3% )and vomiting(61 cases,38.1% ).Sixty-nine cases(43.1% )experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization,with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication[43 cases(26.9% )],followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases(15.0% ),brain abscess in 23 cases(14.4% ),and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases(5.0% ).Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old,with rates of 91% (39/43)and 83% (20/24),respectively.SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin(100% ,75/75),linezolid(100% ,56/56),and meropenem(100% ,6/6).High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin(81% ,22/27),moxifloxacin(82% ,14/17),rifampicin(96% ,25/26),and chloramphenicol(91% ,21/23).However,low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin(16% ,11/68)and clindamycin(6% ,1/17),and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin(100% ,31/31).The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160)and 66.2% (106/160),respectively,while 18 cases(11.3% )had adverse outcomes.Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years.Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old.Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM,and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications.Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates.Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases.SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin,linezolid,meropenem,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,and chloramphenicol.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):131-138]

ObjectiveExisting artificial vision devices can be divided into two types: implanted devices and extracorporeal devices, both of which have some disadvantages. The former requires surgical implantation, which may lead to irreversible trauma, while the latter has some defects such as relatively simple instructions, limited application scenarios and relying too much on the judgment of artificial intelligence (AI) to provide enough security. Here we propose a system that has voice interaction and can convert surrounding environment information into tactile commands on head and neck. Compared with existing extracorporeal devices, our device can provide a larger capacity of information and has advantages such as lower cost, lower risk, suitable for a variety of life and work scenarios. MethodsWith the latest remote wireless communication and chip technologies, microelectronic devices, cameras and sensors worn by the user, as well as the huge database and computing power in the cloud, the backend staff can get a full insight into the scenario, environmental parameters and status of the user remotely (for example, across the city) in real time. In the meanwhile, by comparing the cloud database and in-memory database and with the help of AI-assisted recognition and manual analysis, they can quickly develop the most reasonable action plan and send instructions to the user. In addition, the backend staff can provide humanistic care and emotional sustenance through voice dialogs. ResultsThis study originally proposes the concept of “remote virtual companion” and demonstrates the related hardware and software as well as test results. The system can not only achieve basic guide functions, for example, helping a person with visual impairment to shop in supermarkets, find seats at cafes, walk on the streets, construct complex puzzles, and play cards, but also can meet the demand for fast-paced daily tasks such as cycling. ConclusionExperimental results show that this “remote virtual companion” is applicable for various scenarios and demands. It can help blind people with their travels, shopping and entertainment, or accompany the elderlies with their trips, wilderness explorations, and travels.

As the backbone force of China's social and economic construction, the health status of workers is closely related to the nation's productivity and social development. Currently, cancers have become one of the major diseases threatening the health of workers. However, there are still many shortcomings in the cancer screening services for the workers. To standardize cancer screening services for workers, ensure the quality of screening services, and improve the overall screening effectiveness, 19 institutions, including Peking Union Medical College Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, have jointly formulated the Group Standard "Specification for service of cancer screening for workers (T/CHAA 023-2023)". This standard follows the principles of "legality, scientific rigor, advancement, and feasibility" and combines the frontier scientific advances in cancer screening. It clarifies the relevant requirements for service principles, service design, service delivery, service management, service evaluation, and improving worker cancer screening. Implementing this group standard will help connect the common screening needs of workers, employers, and cancer screening service providers, standardize the screening process, improve screening quality, and ultimately increase the early diagnosis rate and survival rate of cancer patients. Consequently, this group standard will help safeguard workers' health rights and interests, ensure the labor force resources, promote the comprehensive coordinated and sustainable development of society, and contribute to realizing the "Healthy China 2030" strategic policy.

Objective To analyze the medication rules of Professor HUANG Feng for the treatment of low back pain using data mining methods.Methods The information of prescriptions for the effective cases of outpatients with low back pain treated by Professor HUANG Feng were collected and screened.Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to analyze the frequency of medication and the distribution of properties,flavors and meridian tropism of the drugs in the included prescription.IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 was used for association rule analysis,and IBM Statistics 26.0 was used for cluster analysis.Results A total of 239 prescriptions and 75 Chinese medicines were included.There were 23 high-frequency Chinese medicines with the medication frequency being or over 20 times,and the top 10 Chinese medicines were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,vinegar-processed Corydalis Rhizoma,Cibotii Rhizoma,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Zanthoxyli Radix,salt-processed Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix,Rehmanniae Radix,Dipsaci Radix,Coicis Semen,and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.The medicines were mainly warm in nature,and were sweet,bitter and pungent in flavor.Most of the drugs had the meridian tropism of liver,stomach and spleen meridians.Among the drug combinations obtained from association rule analysis with the top 20 highest support,vinegar-processed Corydalis Rhizoma,Cibotii Rhizoma,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Zanthoxyli Radix were the core drugs.Cluster analysis yielded 6 clustering combinations.Conclusion For the treatment of low back pain,Professor HUANG Feng follows the principle of"treatment adapting to the climate,individuality,and environment"and"treating the root cause of the disease",usually adopts the drugs for activating blood,moving qi and relieving pain,nourishing the liver and kidney,and also uses the medicines for replenishing qi and strengthening the spleen.The ideas of HUANG Feng for the treatment of low back pain can be used as a reference for the clinical treatment.

Objective:Trigeminal neuralgia(TN)is a severe chronic neuropathic pain that mainly affects the distribution area of the trigeminal nerve with limited treating efficacy.There are numerous treatments for TN,but currently the main clinical approach is to suppress pain by carbamazepine(CBZ).Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)is closely related to chronic pain.This study aims to determine the effects of CBZ treatment on BDNF expression in both the trigeminal ganglion(TG)and serum of TN via a chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve(ION-CCI)rat model. Methods:The ION-CCI models were established in male Sprague-Dawley rats and were randomly divided into a sham group,a TN group,a TN+low-dose CBZ treatment group(TN+20 mg/kg CBZ group),a TN+medium-dose CBZ treatment group(TN+40 mg/kg CBZ group),and a TN+high-dose CBZ treatment group(TN+80 mg/kg CBZ group).The mechanical pain threshold in each group of rats was measured regularly before and after surgery.The expressions of BDNF and tyrosine kinase receptor B(TrkB)mRNA in TGs of rats in different groups were determined by real-time PCR,and the expression of BDNF protein on neurons in TGs was observed by immunofluorescence.Western Blotting was used to detect the protein expression of BDNF,TrkB,extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK),and phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases(p-ERK)in TGs of rats in different groups.The expression of BDNF in the serum of rats in different groups was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results:The results of mechanical pain sensitivity showed that there was no significant difference in the mechanical pain threshold in the right facial sensory area of the experimental rats in each group before surgery(all P>0.05).From the 3rd day after operation,the mechanical pain threshold of rats in the TN group was significantly lower than that in the sham group(all P<0.01),and the mechanical pain threshold of rats in the TN+80 mg/kg CBZ group,the TN+40 mg/kg CBZ group,and the TN+20 CBZ mg/kg group was higher than that in the TN group(all P<0.05).The BDNF and TrkB mRNA and protein expressions in TGs of rats in the TN group were higher than those in the sham group(all P<0.05),and those in the TN+80 mg/kg CBZ group,the TN+40 mg/kg CBZ group,and the TN+20 mg/kg CBZ group were lower than the TN group(all P<0.05).The p-ERK levels in TG of rats in the TN+80 mg/kg CBZ group,the TN+40 mg/kg CBZ group,and the TN+20 mg/kg CBZ group were significantly decreased compared with the TN group(all P<0.05).The BDNF and neuron-specific nuclear protein(NeuN)were mainly co-expressed in neuron of TGs in the TN group and they were significantly higher than those in the sham group(all P<0.05).The co-labeled expressions of BDNF and NeuN in TGs of the TN+ 80 mg/kg CBZ group,the TN+40 mg/kg CBZ group,and the TN+20 mg/kg CBZ group were lower than those in the TN group(all P<0.05).The results of ELISA showed that the level of BDNF in the serum of the TN group was significantly higher than that in the sham group(P<0.05).The levels of BDNF in the TN+80 mg/kg CBZ group,the TN+40 mg/kg CBZ group,and the TN+20 mg/kg CBZ group were lower than those in the TN group(all P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the BDNF level in serum was negatively correlated with mechanical pain threshold(r=-0.650,P<0.01). Conclusion:CBZ treatment can inhibit the expression of BDNF and TrkB in the TGs of TN rats,reduce the level of BDNF in serum of TN rats and the phosphorylation of ERK signaling pathway,so as to inhibit TN.The serum level of BDNF can be considered as an indicator for the diagnosis and prognosis of TN.

With the acceleration of industrialization,the issue of heavy metal pollution has become increasingly severe,and the potential threat to the ecological environment and human health is increasing.It is necessary and important to detect the contents and species of heavy metal ions.To reduce the influence of complex sample matrices and enrich low contents of analytes,suitable sample pretreatment is usually required before analysis.In recent years,magnetic solid phase extraction(MSPE)based on magnetic extraction materials prepared by rational design and functional modification have attracted much attention in the analysis of heavy metal ions due to their high selectivity,satisfactory adsorption capacity and efficient separation ability.In this paper,the application progress of magnetic composite materials based on ion imprinted polymers,chitosan,metal organic frameworks,ionic liquids and other polymers in the extraction of heavy metal ions from environmental water samples,seafood,radioactive waste and food in recent years was reviewed.The current review focused on the preparation of representative materials in the same category and their adsorption performance towards heavy metal ions.The challenges were analyzed and the future development trend was also prospected.

Malocclusion,identified by the World Health Organization(WHO)as one of three major oral diseases,profoundly impacts the dental-maxillofacial functions,facial esthetics,and long-term development of～260 million children in China.Beyond its physical manifestations,malocclusion also significantly influences the psycho-social well-being of these children.Timely intervention in malocclusion can foster an environment conducive to dental-maxillofacial development and substantially decrease the incidence of malocclusion or reduce the severity and complexity of malocclusion in the permanent dentition,by mitigating the negative impact of abnormal environmental influences on the growth.Early orthodontic treatment encompasses accurate identification and treatment of dental and maxillofacial morphological and functional abnormalities during various stages of dental-maxillofacial development,ranging from fetal stages to the early permanent dentition phase.From an economic and societal standpoint,the urgency for effective early orthodontic treatments for malocclusions in childhood cannot be overstated,underlining its profound practical and social importance.This consensus paper discusses the characteristics and the detrimental effects of malocclusion in children,emphasizing critical need for early treatment.It elaborates on corresponding core principles and fundamental approaches in early orthodontics,proposing comprehensive guidance for preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment,serving as a reference for clinicians engaged in early orthodontic treatment.

Objective To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of chemotherapy induced by nimotuzumab(NTZ)combined with TP regimen and sequential concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor positive(EGFR-positive)locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods A total of 48 patients with stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ A nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were prospectively enrolled,and were randomized into two groups:NTP(NTZ+docetaxel/albumin-paclitaxel+cisplatin)group and TP(Docetaxel/albumin-paclitaxel+cisplatin)group(24 cases per group)by random number table method.After 2 or 3 cycles of induction chemotherapy in NTP group,NTZ was sequentially used in combination with cisplatin for concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the EGFR expression level,exploring EGFR expression intensity and the therapeutic effect of NTZ in NTP group patients.Meanwhile,short-term efficacy,withdrawal rate and toxic side effects were compared between the two groups after induction chemotherapy.Results In NTP group,the positive expression rate of EGFR was 100％,and EGFR expression intensity significantly correlated with the efficacy of NTZ-combined induction therapy(P<0.05).After induction chemotherapy,the objective response rate(ORR)of cervical lymph nodes in NTP group was significantly higher than that in TP group(75％vs.45.8％,P=0.039).The primary lesion ORR and overall(primary lesion and cervical lymph node)ORR showed no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).Comparison of adverse reactions between the two groups during induction therapy:leukopenia and gastrointestinal reaction in NTP group were lower than those in TP group(P<0.05),but rash was higher than those in TP group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in liver function,hemoglobin and thrombocytopenia between two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions EGFR expression intensity varies in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues,with higher levels indicating greater clinical benefit of combined induction therapy with NTZ.NTZ combined with TP induction regimen demonstrates good short-term efficacy and safety for cervical lymph nodes in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.