[Objective] To investigate and summarize the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of adrenocortical carcinoma with rhabdoid features. [Methods] The clinical diagnosis and treatment of a case of adrenocortical carcinoma with rhabdoid features admitled to Department of Urology, Weifang People's Hospital were reported.The clinical manifestations, pathological features, diagnosis and prognosis of the disease were analyzed in combination with relevant literature. [Results] A 34-year-old male patient was admitted due to scrotal distension and pain that had persisted for 6 months.Imaging examination showed a huge soft tissue tumor in the left adrenal region of the retroperitoneum with compression displacement of the left kidney, leading to obstruction of venous return in the left spermatic vein, which in turn caused varicose veins.The levels of serum renin, angiotensin, aldosterone, cortisol, and catecholamine were within normal ranges.Surgical resection of the tumor was performed, and postoperative pathological examination revealed that the tumor tissue was predominantly composed of rhabdoid cells, exhibiting positive immunohistochemical staining for INI 1, Syn, Calretinin and Vimentin.Genetic testing did not identify any deletion of SMARCB1 and SMARCA4 mutations.Therefore, the diagnosis was adrenocortical carcinoma with rhabdoid features.At the current 20-month follow-up, no recurrence or metastasis was observed.A review of the literature found that only 7 cases of this disease had been reported. [Conclusion] Adrenocortical carcinoma with rhabdoid features is a rare disease, and a definitive diagnosis is dependent upon pathological examination.Surgical resection remains the primary treatment.Long-term follow-up is essential, and further research is needed to evaluate the impact of adjuvant therapy.

Objective:To compare the diagnostic value of semi-quantitative parameters of fluorine 18-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen( 18F-PSMA)positron emission tomography /computed tomography(PET/CT)and the Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Reporting and Data System(PSMA-RADS)score for identifying benign and malignant oligo-PSMA-avid bone lesions(1-5 lesions)in elderly patients with prostate cancer. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 157 prostate cancer patients who underwent 18F-PSMA PET/CT examinations at Beijing Hospital from October 2022 to August 2024.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 63 patients were selected.All patients underwent 18F-PSMA PET/CT examination for the purpose of initial staging or detecting lesions with biochemical recurrence.PSMA-avid bone lesions were evaluated using the PSMA-RADS version 2.0 scoring system and the semi-quantitative parameters were measured on PSMA PET/CT images.According to the comprehensive diagnostic criteria, PSMA-avid bone lesions were divided into metastatic group and non-metastatic group.The differences in PSMA-RADS scores, semi-quantitative parameters, bone density abnormalities, and lesion distribution were compared between the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors related to the bone metastasis in prostate cancer.By plotting the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and calculating the area under the curve(AUC), factors with better diagnostic performance were evaluated and screened, and the optimal diagnostic threshold for each factor in diagnosing bone metastasis was determined. Results:There were a total of 129 PSMA-avid bone lesions for 63 patients(aged 60-84 years, median age 69 years), including 35 lesions(27.1%)in the metastatic group and 94 lesions(72.9%)in the non-metastatic group.The differences between metastatic group and non-metastatic group in PSMA-RADS scores[5(4, 5) vs.3(3, 3)], maximum standardized uptake value(SUV max)[12.6(7.0, 18.4) vs.4.7(3.5, 5.9)], lesion SUV max/mediastinal blood pool SUV max ratio(lesion-to-blood pool ratio, LBR)[5.4(3.0, 8.3) vs.1.7(1.4, 2.2)], lesion SUV max/liver SUV max ratio(lesion-to-liver ratio, LLR)[2.6(1.6, 4.1) vs.0.8(0.7, 1.1)], PSMA receptor expressing tumor volume(PSMA-TV)[0.6(0.3, 1.0) vs.1.0(0.7, 1.5)], total lesion of PSMA(TL-PSMA)[4.4(2.4, 7.0) vs.2.4(1.7, 3.9)], proportion of changes in osteogenic bone density[77.1%(27/35) vs.2.1%(2/94)], proportion of lesions located in the ribs[14.3%(5/35) vs.46.8%(44/94)], and proportion of lesions located in the pelvis[54.3%(19/35) vs.20.2%(19/94)]were all statistically significant(all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that none of the variables with statistically significant differences between groups above were independent risk factors for osseous metastasis in prostate cancer(all P>0.05). Among them, The PSMA-RADS score, LLR, LBR, and SUV max all had good diagnostic efficacy for osseous metastasis, with 0.995(95% CI: 0.987-1.000), 0.923(95% CI: 0.869-0.977), 0.898(95% CI: 0.828-0.967), and 0.890(95% CI: 0.820-0.961), respectively.The cut-off values for diagnosing osseous metastasis were 4 score for PSMA-RADS score, 0.934 for LLR, 1.990 for LBR, and 5.47 for SUV max, respectively.According to Delong's test, there were statistically significant differences in AUC between PSMA-RADS score and 18F-PSMA PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters(LLR, LBR, and SUV max)( Z-values were 2.677, 2.776, and 2.929, respectively, and P-values were 0.007, 0.006, and 0.003, respectively). Conclusions:The PSMA-RADS score(Version 2.0)and 18F-PSMA PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters(LLR, LBR, and SUV max)both have good diagnostic value in differentiating benign and malignant PSMA-avid bone lesions in elderly patients with prostate cancer, among which the PSMA-RADS score has the best diagnostic efficacy.

AIM:To investigate the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNA LINC01615 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)cells.METHODS:Transcriptome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases were used to analyze the expres-sion level of LINC01615 in HNSCC cells and its correlation with patient survival.RT-qPCR was used to detect the expres-sion levels of LINC01615 in HNSCC and normal control cells.An siRNA-mediated LINC01615 knockdown HNSCC cell model was established,and high-content screening cell counting,ATP and CCK8 assays were performed to analyze cell proliferation.Transwell assays were conducted to assess cell migration and invasion.Bioinformatics analysis was em-ployed to predict potential target genes of LINC01615 and the biological processes and signaling pathways involved.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to validate the regulatory effect of LINC01615 on the candidate target gene TEAD2.Transcriptome data from TCGA and GEO databases were analyzed to determine the expression pattern of TEAD2 in HN-SCC.Functional cell experiments were performed to investigate the impact of TEAD2 knockdown on HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion.Rescue experiments were conducted to examine whether LINC01615 influenced the malignant phenotypes(proliferation,migration,and invasion)of HNSCC cells by regulating TEAD2 expression.RESULTS:The expression levels of LINC01615 were significantly higher in HNSCC tissues and cells than those in normal control tissues and cells,respectively(P<0.01).Knockdown of LINC01615 significantly inhibited HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion(P<0.01).Bioinformatics analysis identified 134 candidate target genes of LINC01615,which were primarily en-riched in tumor-related biological processes and signaling pathways,including angiogenesis,regulation of endothelial cell proliferation,regulation of cell migration,HPV infection,Hippo signaling pathway,and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Knockdown of LINC01615 led to a significant decrease in TEAD2 expression in HNSCC cells(P<0.01).Functional cell studies demonstrated that TEAD2 knockdown suppressed HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion,whereas TEAD2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of LINC01615 knockdown on these malignant phenotypes.CONCLUSION:LINC01615 is upregulated in HNSCC tissues and cells,functioning as an oncogene.Mechanistic studies reveal that LINC01615 promotes HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion by upregulating TEAD2,a key transcription factor in the Hippo signaling pathway.These findings may provide a novel potential biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and treat-ment of HNSCC.

ObjectiveTo analyze the detected results of CD4⁺T lymphocytes and viral load in newly identified human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in Huangpu District of Shanghai in 2023, to explore the correlation between them, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of targeted prevention and control measures and antiviral treatment programs. MethodsThe data of CD4 cell count, viral load and demographic characteristics of the newly infected patients living with HIV in Huangpu District, Shanghai in 2023 were collected and analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological method. ResultsThe mean CD4 cell count of the 67 newly identified HIV infected patients in Huangpu District was (301.22±235.19) cells·µL^-1, with a mean viral load of (5.15±1.28) ×10⁵ copies·mL^-1.There were statistically significant differences in CD4 cell count and viral load among different age groups (P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences by gender and marital status (both P>0.05). The CD4 cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio both were negatively correlated with the lg value of viral load (r=-0.290, -0.378; P=0.027, 0.002). ConclusionThe CD4 cell counts of the newly identified HIV infected patients in Huangpu District in 2023 were generally low, the proportion of patients with high viral load was high, but the risk for elderly infected with HIV was high. The elderly have gradually become the key population for AIDS prevention and control in Huangpu District. It is recommended to expand HIV screening in the elderly to reduce the risk of HIV transmission and increase the rate of early detection and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Jiedu Xiaoying Patch in rats with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).Methods:Totally 32 rats were randomly divided into a blank group of 8 rats and a model group of 24 rats. The HT rat model was prepared by freely drinking 0.064% sodium iodide solution in the modeling module. 24 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into model group, selenium yeast group, and patch group, with 8 rats in each group. Starting from the 9th week, the application group applied Jiedu Xiaoying Patch to the surface projection area of the thyroid gland in the neck of rats for 6 hours, once a day, for a total of 6 weeks; the selenium yeast group was orally administered with 21 μg/ml selenium yeast solution at a dose of 0.5 ml/100 g, while the blank group, model group, and patch group were orally administered with equal volumes of physiological saline solution once a day for a total of 6 weeks. The levels of TGAb,TPOAb, Sema 5A, and IL-17A in rat serum were detected by ELISA. The changes of thyroid tissue was observed with HE staining. The relative expression levels of plexin-A1 and plexin-B3 were determined through RT-PCR.Results:Compared with the model group, the levels of TPOAb, TGAb, Sema 5A, and IL-17A decreased ( P<0.05), and the expressions of plexin-A1 and plexin-B3 decreased in the selenium yeast group and the patch group ( P<0.05). The thyroid follicles in the model group were severely damaged, with a large number of lymphocytes infiltrating the interstices; the thyroid follicular structure of the selenium yeast group was relatively intact, and lymphocyte infiltration was reduced compared to the model group. The thyroid follicular structure of the patch group was basically intact, with a small amount of lymphocyte infiltration observed. Conclusion:Jiedu Xiaoying Patch can significantly reduce the levels of TPOAb and TGAb in HT rats. The mechanism may be related to reducing the content of Sema 5A, inhibiting the expressions of receptors plexin-A1 and plexin-B3, reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A, and inhibiting immune and inflammatory responses.

OBJECTIVE To study the neural circuits involved in regulating the strong drug-taking motivation in susceptible mice,and provide novel insights into the intervention and treatment of drug addiction.METHODS A heroin intermittent-access(Int A)self-administration model was established.Mice were divided into susceptible,unsusceptible,and non-learnt subgroups based on parameters,such as the number of times of drug infusions,effective lever presses,and breakpoints(BP)in the progres-sive ratio schedule during the drug acquisition phase.Using chemogenetic techniques,the neural projection from the orbitofrontal cortex(OFC)to the dorsomedial striatum(DMS)was selectively manipulated in the progressive ratio schedule,and its impact on drug motivation was assessed across the three subgroups.RESUITS Selectively inhibiting the OFC-DMS circuit significantly reduced the BP in susceptible mice,with no significant effect on the other two subgroups.Conversely,selective activation of this pathway significantly increased BP in susceptible mice,but had no impact on the other subgroups.CONCLU-SION The OFC-DMS circuit specifically modulates drug motivation behavior in susceptible mice,but not in the unsusceptible,and non-learnt subgroups.

AIM:To investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of NADPH oxidase 4(NOX4)/transient receptor potential channel subfamily C member 6(TRPC6)in the context of podocyte damage in diabetic nephropathya comprehensive investigative study was warranted.METHODS:(1)Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided in-to four distinct groups:a control group,a diabetic nephropathy group,a NOX4 inhibitor GKT137831-treated group,and a combined diabetic nephropathy with NOX4 inhibitor GKT137831-treated group,each consisting of 8～10 rats.The type 1 diabetes mellitus model was constructed via a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ)(70 mg/kg),subse-quent to the successful induction of the model,GKT137831(at the dose of 5 mg/kg)was administered intraperitoneally.Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels was conducted,and urinary albumin excretion was quantified after 24 hours.Moreover,blood and kidney tissues were harvested for further analysis.(2)Mouse glomerular podocytes were divided into four distinct groups:a normal control group,a high glucose group,a GKT137831-treated group and a high glucose GKT137831-treated group.These podocytes were subsequently cultivated in vitro under high glucose conditions for 2 weeks.Thereafter,transfection of podocytes was carried out using NOX4 inhibitors and short interfering RNA targeting(siRNA)TRPC6.To detect the expression levels of NOX4 and TRPC6,a battery of techniques including Western blot,Immunohistochemistry,and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)were employed.(3)The morpho-logical changes of podocyte mitochondria under the condition of high glucose were observed by fluorescence confocal mi-croscopy,and the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α(PGC1α),mito-chondrial transcription factor A(TFAM),cytochromec oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COX Ⅰ)and cytochromec oxidase subunit Ⅳ(COX Ⅳ)in podocytes were assessed utilizing the Western blot technique.RESULTS:(1)Compared with normal con-trol group,mice with diabetic nephropathy manifested pronounced glomerular hypertrophy,thickening of basement mem-brane,expansion of the mesangial region,and an increased rate of urinary albumin excretion was observed.Analytical techniques such as Western blot and Immunohistochemistry showed a significant upsurge in the expression level of the NOX4 protein in kidney tissue,a diminished expression of glomerular podocyte protein(nephrin),an increased expression of interstitial cell markers(desmin),and an enhanced level of TRPC6 expression(P＜0.05).GKT137831 was assoiated with a reduction in desmin expression in renal tissue,preservation of glomerular nephrin expression,and a decrease in uri-nary albumin excretion(P＜0.05).(2)In vitro podocyte experiment,the expression of NOX4 and TRPC6 in podocyte was significantly increased in the context of high glucose(P＜0.05).Findings from Immunofluorescence and Western blot showed that GKT137831 effectively diminished the expression levels of TRPC6 and desmin while partially rescuing neph-rin expression in podocellular cells(P＜0.05).Western blot results showed that transfection of TRPC6 small interfering RNA could further promote the protective effect of GKT137831 on podiocytes.(3)Under high-glucose conditions,fluores-cence confocal microscopy revealed mitochondrial morphological damage in podocytes.However,therapeutic intervention with GKT137831 and transfection of TRPC6 siRNA partially rescued the mitochondrial structural integrity.Under high glucose conditions,immunoblot analysis demonstrated a marked decrement in the protein expression levels of PGC1α,TFAM,COX Ⅰ,and COX Ⅳ in podocytes.Importantly,GKT137831 and the transfection of TRPC6 siRNA significantly upregulated the levels of PGC1α,TFAM,COX Ⅰ,and COX Ⅳ(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:In the context of the patho-genesis of diabetic nephropathy,the increased expression of NOX4 in the kidneys contributes to podocyte damage,with the effect being partially mediated via the TRPC6 channel.Inhibiting the NOX4-TRPC6 signaling pathway has the potential to ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes.This finding offers novel perspectives and strategies for the clinical di-agnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

The parenting stress of premature infant mothers at a high level can seriously affect the physical and mental health of premature infants and the mothers.A large number of studies have shown that the application of transitional care can effectively promote the growth and development of premature infants,alleviate negative emotions of premature infant mothers and improve the family function of premature infants.It has a significant positive impact on reducing the parenting stress of premature infant mothers and promoting the maternal and child health.This paper reviews the concept and development of transitional care,as well as its application research and shortcomings in the parenting stress of premature infant mothers,in order to provide reference for further development of transitional care in this field.

The parenting stress of premature infant mothers at a high level can seriously affect the physical and mental health of premature infants and the mothers.A large number of studies have shown that the application of transitional care can effectively promote the growth and development of premature infants,alleviate negative emotions of premature infant mothers and improve the family function of premature infants.It has a significant positive impact on reducing the parenting stress of premature infant mothers and promoting the maternal and child health.This paper reviews the concept and development of transitional care,as well as its application research and shortcomings in the parenting stress of premature infant mothers,in order to provide reference for further development of transitional care in this field.

AIM:To investigate the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNA LINC01615 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)cells.METHODS:Transcriptome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases were used to analyze the expres-sion level of LINC01615 in HNSCC cells and its correlation with patient survival.RT-qPCR was used to detect the expres-sion levels of LINC01615 in HNSCC and normal control cells.An siRNA-mediated LINC01615 knockdown HNSCC cell model was established,and high-content screening cell counting,ATP and CCK8 assays were performed to analyze cell proliferation.Transwell assays were conducted to assess cell migration and invasion.Bioinformatics analysis was em-ployed to predict potential target genes of LINC01615 and the biological processes and signaling pathways involved.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to validate the regulatory effect of LINC01615 on the candidate target gene TEAD2.Transcriptome data from TCGA and GEO databases were analyzed to determine the expression pattern of TEAD2 in HN-SCC.Functional cell experiments were performed to investigate the impact of TEAD2 knockdown on HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion.Rescue experiments were conducted to examine whether LINC01615 influenced the malignant phenotypes(proliferation,migration,and invasion)of HNSCC cells by regulating TEAD2 expression.RESULTS:The expression levels of LINC01615 were significantly higher in HNSCC tissues and cells than those in normal control tissues and cells,respectively(P<0.01).Knockdown of LINC01615 significantly inhibited HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion(P<0.01).Bioinformatics analysis identified 134 candidate target genes of LINC01615,which were primarily en-riched in tumor-related biological processes and signaling pathways,including angiogenesis,regulation of endothelial cell proliferation,regulation of cell migration,HPV infection,Hippo signaling pathway,and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Knockdown of LINC01615 led to a significant decrease in TEAD2 expression in HNSCC cells(P<0.01).Functional cell studies demonstrated that TEAD2 knockdown suppressed HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion,whereas TEAD2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of LINC01615 knockdown on these malignant phenotypes.CONCLUSION:LINC01615 is upregulated in HNSCC tissues and cells,functioning as an oncogene.Mechanistic studies reveal that LINC01615 promotes HNSCC proliferation,migration,and invasion by upregulating TEAD2,a key transcription factor in the Hippo signaling pathway.These findings may provide a novel potential biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and treat-ment of HNSCC.