Background: s/Aims: Portal vein embolization (PVE) and Yttrium-90 (Y-90) radioembolization are used to induce liver hypertrophy, increasing future liver remnant volume and reducing the risk of post-resection liver failure. This systematic review compares the effectiveness of PVE and Y-90 radioembolization in promoting liver hypertrophy in patients undergoing liver resection. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched for studies published between January 2000 and August 2023. Studies comparing PVE and Y-90 radioembolization with respect to liver hypertrophy were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Pooled mean differences were calculated using an inverse-variance random-effects model. Results: Of 1,965 studies identified, three retrospective cohort studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 125 patients. Among these, 67.3% underwent PVE and 32.7% received Y-90 radioembolization. Hepatocellular carcinoma was the most common diagnosis (55.9%), followed by metastatic disease (32.3%) and cholangiocarcinoma (11.8%). PVE was more commonly used as a preoperative strategy for liver resection, while Y-90 radioembolization was primarily employed for palliative intent. One study reported greater hypertrophy with Y-90 compared to PVE (63% vs. 36%); however, hypertrophy was assessed over a longer interval (150 vs. 30 days). In pooled analysis, PVE was associated with significantly greater hypertrophy (mean difference 23.75%; 95% CI 12.02–35.48; p < 0.0001; I 2 = 48%). Conclusions Evidence directly comparing PVE and Y-90 radioembolization for liver hypertrophy remains limited. While pooled results favor PVE, procedure selection should be individualized based on clinical context.

EFFECTS OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES ON PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH AMONG YOUNGSTERS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY Abstract Objective: The basic aim of the study is to create awareness and evaluate the knowledge, attitude and perception of youngsters towards the use of e-cigarette. Methodology: A questionnaire based survey was generated through Google form and circulated through social media platforms the target audience age was 18 years-40 years’ data were analyzed through Statistical Software (SPSS). Results and Discussion: In this study n=1000 participants were participated in the survey 450 were females and 550 were males, the participants were 18 years-20 years of age included (50) males and (100) females, 20 years-30 years (200) males and (100) females whereas 30 years-40 years of age included (300) males and (250) females, among them n=433 use vape/e-cigarette while n=567 do not use this. N=113 respondent respond that they don’t know that e-cigarette have harmful ingredients in it, n=285 participants faced depression, anxiety and mood swings without it whereas n=334 respond that its consumption causes severe mental and physical health. Conclusion: The basic aim of the survey is to create awareness among users to reduce and prevent the use of vape-cigarette as it causes severe consequences towards the health this study enhances the power of health system that in collaboration of school and offices through awareness session can reduce its use. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 25 ( ) November, 2024; 1-5.

Cat vocalizes to communicate with another and express their internal states. The vocal repertoire of the cat is wide and up to 21 different vocalizations have been described in the literatures. But it is more than probable that the repertoire contains more types of vocalizations. An ethogram was created in this paper describing the actual known vocalisations of the domestic cat based on an auditory classification. However, the audiogram allows also a visual classification which can increase the accuracy of vocalization differentiation. The classification can be risky as it is sometimes unclear if different types of vocalizations are produced in different environments or if a unique type of vocalization is used with variation in the acoustic parameters. As an example, isolation calls produced by kittens differ depending on the context. The environment has an important impact on the vocal behaviour and thus feral cats and pet cats vocalize differently. Pet cats are thus able to create an efficient communication with humans thanks to the flexibility of vocalisation behaviours. This review allowed us to create a simple model of the cat vocal repertory.

Acoustics ; Animals ; Auditory Perception ; Cats ; Classification ; Humans ; Pliability ; Vocalization, Animal

Cat vocalizes to communicate with another and express their internal states. The vocal repertoire of the cat is wide and up to 21 different vocalizations have been described in the literatures. But it is more than probable that the repertoire contains more types of vocalizations. An ethogram was created in this paper describing the actual known vocalisations of the domestic cat based on an auditory classification. However, the audiogram allows also a visual classification which can increase the accuracy of vocalization differentiation. The classification can be risky as it is sometimes unclear if different types of vocalizations are produced in different environments or if a unique type of vocalization is used with variation in the acoustic parameters. As an example, isolation calls produced by kittens differ depending on the context. The environment has an important impact on the vocal behaviour and thus feral cats and pet cats vocalize differently. Pet cats are thus able to create an efficient communication with humans thanks to the flexibility of vocalisation behaviours. This review allowed us to create a simple model of the cat vocal repertory.

A retrospective study was performed to report the case occurrence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in three hospitals of north-eastern region in Punjab Province, Pakistan. We reviewed retrospectively the clinical records of patients in 4 hospitals which were diagnosed with CE during 2012–2017. A total of 198 cases, 82 (41.4%) male and 116 (58.6%) females were detected as CE. The most Highest incidence was revealed in.... 21–30 years-old group (24.2%) followed by 41–50 (22.7%), 31–40 (16.2%), 11–20 (13.6%), 51–60 (8.1%), below 10 (5.5%), over 71 (5.1%) and 61–70 year-old group (4.5%). CE was detected in various organs of infected individuals. However, most of CE cases were detected in the liver (47.4%) and lung (18.6%). The present study indicated that CE is more or less prevalent in surveyed areas and one of the most important public health problems in Punjab Province, Pakistan.
Echinococcosis ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Pakistan ; Public Health ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: In patients with erectile dysfunction, it is important to differentiate psychogenic from organic causes. Penile Doppler ultrasonography is a relatively inexpensive and minimally invasive tool for this purpose. This study was conducted to evaluate the causes of erectile dysfunction in an adult male population, using penile Doppler ultrasonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in a single center. All patients who presented with complaints of erectile dysfunction and underwent penile Doppler ultrasonography between July 2014 and June 2016 were included in this study. All examinations were performed using GE Voluson S6 and GE Logiq P5 devices. Following baseline scans, an intracavernosal injection of 20 µg of prostaglandin E1 was given. Peak systolic and end diastolic velocities were measured in each cavernosal artery. Patients with a peak systolic velocity of <25 cm/s were considered to have arterial insufficiency, while an end diastolic velocity of >5 cm/s was considered to indicate venous incompetence. RESULTS: Out of 97 patients (mean age, 37.09±11.59 years; range, 19~69 years), 50 patients (51.5%) had normal findings, 24 patients (24.7%) had arterial insufficiency, 15 patients (15.5%) had a venous leak, and 8 patients (8.2%) patients had arterial insufficiency with a venous leak. Psychogenic erectile dysfunction was significantly higher among patients aged ≤40 years, while arterial insufficiency with or without a venous leak was significantly higher among patients aged >40 years (p=0.022). CONCLUSIONS: A majority of the studied individuals demonstrated no organic cause of erectile dysfunction, thus confirming a high prevalence of the psychogenic etiology, particularly in relatively young individuals.
Adult ; Alprostadil ; Arteries ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Female ; Humans ; Impotence, Vasculogenic ; Male ; Pakistan* ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler*

STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study. PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) in patients with low back pain (LBP) and the role of iliolumbar ligament (ILL) origin from L5 in LSTV cases. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Transitional vertebrae are developmental variants of the spine. LSTV is a common congenital abnormality, and failure to recognize this anomaly may result in serious consequences during surgery. METHODS: All patients aged 11–90 years of either gender with LBP for any duration, who presented for X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbosacral spine, were included. X-rays of the lumbosacral spine in anteroposterior and lateral views were acquired. In addition, T1- and T2-weighted sagittal and axial MRI was performed. Images were evaluated on a workstation. RESULTS: Of 504 patients, transitional vertebrae were observed in 75 patients (15%). Among them, 39 (52%) patients had Castellvi type III and 36 (48%) patients had Castellvi type II. However, on MRI, 42 (56%) patients had O'Driscoll type II, 18 (24%) patients had O'Driscoll type IV, and 15 patients (20%) had O'Driscoll type III. ILL origin from L5 was significantly higher (n=429, 100%) among patients with a normal lumbosacral junction than among patients with a transitional lumbosacral junction (n=22, 29.3%) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: LSTV occurs at a high frequency in patients with LBP. Furthermore, in the presence of LSTV, the ILL is not a reliable marker for the identification of L5.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Low Back Pain* ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Prevalence* ; Radiography* ; Spine*

STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study. PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in a general adult population unrelated to lower back pain as evaluated by multidetector computed tomography. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: There is a significant paucity of information related to the prevalence of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and its degenerative changes in a general adult population unrelated to lower back pain in developing countries. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans performed between January 1st 2015 and December 31st 2015 for various clinical indications. Patients with lower back pain, with a history of trauma or road traffic accident, or referred from orthopedic or neurosurgery departments were excluded to avoid any bias. CT scans were reviewed in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes using bone window settings for evaluating spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. RESULTS: Of 4,348 patients recruited, spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis were identified in 266 (6.1%) and 142 (3.3%) patients, respectively. Age was significantly higher in both spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis patients than in those without spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis (47.19±15.45 vs. 42.5±15.96, p<0.001 and 53.01±15.31 vs. 42.44±15.88, p<0.001, respectively). Gender was significantly associated with spondylolisthesis (p=0.029) but not spondylolysis. Of patients who were >60 years old, both spondylolysis (p=0.018) and spondylolisthesis (p=0.025) were significantly more prevalent in females. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pars interarticularis fracture observed higher with gradual increase in the prevalence with advancing age. In particular, preponderance was significantly higher among older females.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult* ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Developing Countries* ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Multidetector Computed Tomography* ; Neurosurgery ; Orthopedics ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis* ; Spondylolysis ; Spondylosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Toxoplasmosis is a protozoan disease that is caused by Toxoplasma gondii in livestock and humans. Due to its medical and veterinary importance, it is essential to study the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among humans and animals in various parts of the world. The major objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and spatial distribution of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants (sheep and goats) of north-eastern region, Pakistan. A total of 1,000 animals comprising of sheep (n=470) and goats (n=530) were examined for T. gondii infection by using ELISA. An epidemiological data was collected in the form of questionnaire. A surface has been generated by using method of interpolation in Arc GIS with the help of IDW (inverse distance weight). The results showed higher seroprevalence of T. gondii in goats (42.8%) as compared to sheep (26.2%). The seroprevalence was higher in females as compared to males in all examined ruminants. Similarly, there is a wide variation in the seroprevalence of T. gondii in different breeds of sheep and goats showing higher seroprevalence in Teddy (52.8%) and Damani breed (34.5%) of goat and sheep's, respectively. The geographical and spatial distribution of T. gondii shows that it is widely distributed in different parts of the north-eastern region of Pakistan. Our results suggest widespread environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts. It suggests us that small ruminants could be a potentially important source of T. gondii infection if their infected meat is consumed undercooked.
Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Goats* ; Humans ; Livestock ; Male ; Meat ; Methods ; Oocysts ; Pakistan* ; Ruminants ; Seroepidemiologic Studies* ; Sheep* ; Toxoplasma ; Toxoplasmosis*