BACKGROUND

Observational studies have increasingly reported transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) as an under-recognized cause of heart failure. We report the first ATTR-CM diagnosed via multi-modality imaging in the Philippines signifying an important milestone in recognition and management of this formerly believed rare disease, locally. Utilization of non-invasive imaging such as echocardiography, cardiac MRI and technetium-99m pyrophosphate scintigraphy (PYP) demonstrates the potential for accurate diagnosis as well as timely and appropriate treatment strategies.

An 81/M Filipino with a history of carpal tunnel surgery, post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), had three months’ history of refractory heart failure symptoms despite optimized medical treatment. His 2D-echo showed an ejection fraction (EF): 45%-50%, increased left ventricular (LV) posterior wall thickness with mild basal inferior wall hypokinesia and ECG: atrial fibrillation with low voltage. Speckle tracking imaging showed average global longitudinal strain: - 6.5% with cherry-on-top pattern on polar strain map. Cardiac MRI demonstrated diffuse late gadolinium enhancement from endocardial to transmural layers of biventricular and biatrial walls, highly suggestive of cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Light-chain amyloidosis was excluded by negative serum/urine protein electrophoresis/immunofixation. Tc-99m PYP scan revealed greater myocardial-than-bone uptake with a Perugini score 3 and calculated heart-to-contralateral ratio of 1.7. Congestion was controlled with intravenous loop diuretics and he was discharged stable with metoprolol succinate, dapagliflozin and apixaban. At the time of paper submission, he is currently being evaluated for tafamidis treatment.

The case highlighted the advantage of multi-modality imaging for noninvasive yet accurate identification of the disease. A tailored approach is required in slowing the disease progression and improving outcomes.

Sodium ; Wastewater ; Potassium ; Diet ; Blood Pressure ; China ; Sodium, Dietary ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary

Humans ; Consensus ; Hypertension/therapy* ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/adverse effects* ; China

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones in sodium chloride(NaCl)-treated suspension cells of Aquilaria sinensis was conducted by UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. Both analyses were performed on a Waters T3 column(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm) with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution(A)-acetonitrile(B) as mobile phases at gradient elution. MS data were collected by electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. Forty-seven phenylethylchromones was identified from NaCl-treated suspension cell samples of A. sinensis using UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS, including 22 flindersia-type 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones and their glycosides, 10 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones and 15 mono-epoxy or diepoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones. Additionally, 25 phenylethylchromones were quantitated by UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. Overall, the rapid and efficient qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenylethylchromones in NaCl-treated suspension cells of A. sinensis by two LC-MS techniques, provides an important reference for the yield of phenylethylchromones in Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum using in vitro culture and other biotechnologies.
Chromones ; Sodium Chloride ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Flavonoids ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Thymelaeaceae

Excessive sodium/salt intake is the leading dietary risk factor for the loss of healthy life in the Chinese population. The "Healthy China 2030" Action Plan set the goal of reducing salt intake by 20% by 2030. However, salt intake in China is still at a very high level in the world, with adults reaching 11 g/d, more than twice the recommended limit of 5 g/d. The current policies and action plans of China have targeted catering workers, children, adolescents, and home chefs in salt, oil, and sugar reduction actions. However, there are still obvious deficiencies in the coordinated promotion and implementation. This study, therefore, proposed a set of comprehensive strategies (named CHRPS that is composed of communication and education, salt reduction in home cooking, salt reduction in restaurants, reducing salt content in pre-packaged food, and surveillance and evaluation) and key implementation points for further deepening the salt reduction action in China. These strategies were developed based on the main sources of dietary sodium for Chinese residents, the status of "knowledge, attitude and practice" in salt reduction, evidence of effective intervention measures, existing policies and requirements, and the salt reduction strategies of the World Health Organization and experience from some other countries. As a scientific reference, the CHRPS strategies will help the government and relevant organizations quickly implement salt reduction work and facilitate the earlier realization of China's salt reduction goal.
Adult ; Child ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Sodium, Dietary ; Diet ; Food ; China

Objective: JWH133, a cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist, was tested for its ability to protect mice from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: By using a random number generator, 24 C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into the control group, model group, JWH133 intervention group, and JWH133+a cannabinoid type-2 receptor antagonist (AM630) inhibitor group, with 6 mice in each group. A mouse pulmonary fibrosis model was established by tracheal instillation of bleomycin (5 mg/kg). Starting from the first day after modeling, the control group mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, and the model group mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The JWH133 intervention group mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 ml of JWH133 (2.5 mg/kg, dissolved in physiological saline), and the JWH133+AM630 antagonistic group mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 ml of JWH133 (2.5 mg/kg) and AM630 (2.5 mg/kg). After 28 days, all mice were killed; the lung tissue was obtained, pathological changes were observed, and alveolar inflammation scores and Ashcroft scores were calculated. The content of type Ⅰ collagen in the lung tissue of the four groups of mice was measured using immunohistochemistry. The levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the serum of the four groups of mice were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the content of hydroxyproline (HYP) in the lung tissue of the four groups of mice was measured. Western blotting was used to measure the protein expression levels of type Ⅲ collagen, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2), phosphorylated P-ERK1/2 (P-ERK1/2), and phosphorylated ribosome S6 kinase type 1 (P-p90RSK) in the lung tissue of mice in the four groups. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression levels of collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, and α-SMA mRNA in the lung tissue of the four groups of mice. Results: Compared with the control group, the pathological changes in the lung tissue of the model group mice worsened, with an increase in alveolar inflammation score (3.833±0.408 vs. 0.833±0.408, P<0.05), an increase in Ashcroft score (7.333±0.516 vs. 2.000±0.633, P<0.05), an increase in type Ⅰ collagen absorbance value (0.065±0.008 vs. 0.018±0.006, P<0.05), an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration, and an increase in hydroxyproline levels [(1.551±0.051) μg/mg vs. (0.974±0.060) μg/mg, P<0.05]. Compared with the model group, the JWH133 intervention group showed reduced pathological changes in lung tissue, decreased alveolar inflammation score (1.833±0.408, P<0.05), decreased Ashcroft score (4.167±0.753, P<0.05), decreased type Ⅰ collagen absorbance value (0.032±0.004, P<0.05), reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased hydroxyproline levels [(1.148±0.055) μg/mg, P<0.05]. Compared with the JWH133 intervention group, the JWH133+AM630 antagonistic group showed more severe pathological changes in the lung tissue of mice, increased alveolar inflammation score and Ashcroft score, increased type Ⅰ collagen absorbance value, increased inflammatory cell infiltration, and increased hydroxyproline levels. Compared with the control group, the expression of α-SMA, type Ⅲ collagen, P-ERK1/2, and P-p90RSK proteins in the lung tissue of the model group mice increased, while the expression of type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅲ collagen, and α-SMA mRNA increased. Compared with the model group, the protein expression of α-SMA (relative expression 0.60±0.17 vs. 1.34±0.19, P<0.05), type Ⅲ collagen (relative expression 0.52±0.09 vs. 1.35±0.14, P<0.05), P-ERK1/2 (relative expression 0.32±0.11 vs. 1.14±0.14, P<0.05), and P-p90RSK (relative expression 0.43±0.14 vs. 1.15±0.07, P<0.05) decreased in the JWH133 intervention group. The type Ⅰ collagen mRNA (2.190±0.362 vs. 5.078±0.792, P<0.05), type Ⅲ collagen mRNA (1.750±0.290 vs. 4.935±0.456, P<0.05), and α-SMA mRNA (1.588±0.060 vs. 5.192±0.506, P<0.05) decreased. Compared with the JWH133 intervention group, the JWH133+AM630 antagonistic group increased the expression of α-SMA, type Ⅲ collagen, P-ERK1/2, and P-p90RSK protein in the lung tissue of mice, and increased the expression of type Ⅲ collagen and α-SMA mRNA. Conclusion: In mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, the cannabinoid type-2 receptor agonist JWH133 inhibited inflammation and improved extracellular matrix deposition, which alleviated lung fibrosis. The underlying mechanism of action may be related to the activation of the ERK1/2-RSK1 signaling pathway.
Mice ; Male ; Animals ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology* ; Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/metabolism* ; Collagen Type I/pharmacology* ; Collagen Type III/pharmacology* ; Hydroxyproline/pharmacology* ; Sodium Chloride/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Lung/pathology* ; Cannabinoids/adverse effects* ; Bleomycin/metabolism* ; Collagen/metabolism* ; Inflammation/pathology* ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To study effects of Shenmai Injection on hypertensive heart failure and its mechanism for inhibiting myocardial fibrosis. METHODS: Salt-sensitive (Dahl/SS) rats were fed with normal diet (0.3% NaCl) and the high-salt diet (8% NaCl) to observe the changes in blood pressure and heart function, as the control group and the model group. Salt-insensitive rats (SS-13BN) were fed with the high-salt diet (8% NaCl) as the negative control group. After modeling, the model rats were randomly divided into heart failure (HF) group, Shenmai Injection (SMI) group and pirfenidone (PFD) group by a random number table, with 6 rats in each group. They were given sterilized water, SMI and pirfenidone, respectively. Blood pressure, cardiac function, fibrosis and related molecular expression were detected by sphygmomanometer, echocardiogram, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining, immunofluorescence and qPCR analysis. RESULTS: After high-salt feeding, compared with the control and negative control group, in the model group the blood pressure increased significantly, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fraction shortening (LVFS) were significantly reduced, and the serum NT-proBNP concentration increased significantly (all P<0.05); furthermore, the arrangement of myocardial cells was disordered, the edema was severe, and the degree of myocardial fibrosis was also significantly increased (P<0.05); the protein and mRNA expressions of collagen type I (Col I) were up-regulated (P<0.05), and the mRNA expressions of transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF- β 1), Smad2 and Smad3 were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05). Compared with HF group, after intervention of Shenmai Injection, LVEF and LVFS increased, myocardial morphology was improved, collagen volume fraction decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the mRNA expressions of Col I, TGF- β 1, Smad2 and Smad3, as well as Col I protein expression, were all significantly down-regulated (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION Myocardial fibrosis is the main pathological manifestation of hypertensive heart failure, and Shenmai Injection could inhibit myocardial fibrosis and effectively improve heart failure by regulating TGF-β 1/Smad signaling pathway.
Rats ; Animals ; Stroke Volume ; Sodium Chloride ; Rats, Inbred Dahl ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Heart Failure ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism* ; Hypertension ; Fibrosis ; RNA, Messenger

OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the impact of iodine-rich processed foods and dining places on the iodine nutritional status of children. METHODS: School-aged children (SAC) in seven provinces in China were selected by school-based multi-stage sampling. Urinary iodine, salt iodine, and thyroid volume (TVOL) were determined. Questionnaires were used to investigate dining places and iodine-rich processed foods. The water iodine was from the 2017 national survey. Multi-factor regression analysis was used to find correlations between variables. RESULTS: Children ate 78.7% of their meals at home, 15.1% at school canteens, and 6.1% at other places. The percentage of daily iodine intake from water, iodized salt, iodine-rich processed foods, and cooked food were 1.0%, 79.2%, 1.5%, and 18.4%, respectively. The salt iodine was correlated with the urinary iodine and TVOL, respectively (r = 0.999 and -0.997, P < 0.05). The iodine intake in processed foods was weakly correlated with the TVOL (r = 0.080, P < 0.01). Non-iodized salt used in processed foods or diets when eating out had less effect on children's iodine nutrition status. CONCLUSION Iodized salt remains the primary source of daily iodine intake of SAC, and processed food has less effect on iodine nutrition. Therefore, for children, iodized salt should be a compulsory supplement in their routine diet.
Humans ; Child ; Nutritional Status ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Iodine ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/analysis* ; China ; Water

OBJECTIVE: This study explored whether thyroglobulin and thyroid disease prevalence rates were higher in pregnant Chinese women with a median urinary iodine concentration of 100-149 µg/L, compared with those with a median urinary iodine concentration of 150-249 μg/L maintained through sustainable universal salt iodization. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study in which 812 healthy pregnant women were enrolled to collect samples of their household edible salt, urine, and blood during their routine antenatal care in the 18 counties in Fujian Province, China. The levels of salt iodine concentration, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroid hormone (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroglobulin antibody were assessed during the routine antenatal care visits. RESULTS: The median UIC (mUIC) in pregnant women was 130.8 μg/L (interquartile range = 91.5-198.1 μg/L) in the counties with an mUIC of 100-149 μg/L (Group I), and 172.0 μg/L (interquartile range = 123.5-244.4 μg/L) in the counties with an mUIC of 150-249 μg/L (Group II). Goiter prevalence and thyroid nodule detection rates showed no difference between Group I and Group II ( P > 0.05). Except for FT4 values, the TSH, FT4, FT3, Tg and Tg values > 40 (μg/L) and the thyroid diseases prevalence rate (TDR) showed no significant differences between Group I and Group II ( P > 0.05), whether or not iodine supplementation measures were taken. CONCLUSION Compared with an mUIC of 150-249 μg/L, not only there was no difference in thyroid morphology, but also the Tg value, rate of Tg values > 40 µg/L, and TDR were not higher in pregnant women in the counties with an mUIC of 100-149 μg/L achieved through sustainable universal salt iodization in Fujian Province, China.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Iodine/urine* ; Pregnant Women ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Thyroglobulin ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotropin ; East Asian People

β-glucosidase has important applications in food, pharmaceutics, biomass conversion and other fields, exploring β-glucosidase with strong adaptability and excellent properties thus has received extensive interest. In this study, a novel glucosidase from the GH1 family derived from Cuniculiplasma divulgatum was cloned, expressed, and characterized, aiming to find a better β-glucosidase. The amino acid sequences of GH1 family glucosidase derived from C. divulgatum were obtained from the NCBI database, and a recombinant plasmid pET-30a(+)-CdBglA was constructed. The recombinant protein was induced to express in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The enzymatic properties of the purified CdBglA were studied. The molecular weight of the recombinant CdBglA was 56.0 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature were 5.5 and 55 ℃, respectively. The enzyme showed good pH stability, 92.33% of the initial activity could be retained when treated under pH 5.5-11.0 for 1 h. When pNPG was used as a substrate, the kinetic parameters K_m, V_max and K_cat/K_m were 0.81 mmol, 291.99 μmol/(mg·min), and 387.50 s^-1 mmol^-1, respectively. 90.33% of the initial enzyme activity could be retained when CdBglA was placed with various heavy metal ions at a final concentration of 5 mmol/L. The enzyme activity was increased by 28.67% under 15% ethanol solution, remained unchanged under 20% ethanol, and 43.68% of the enzyme activity could still be retained under 30% ethanol. The enzyme has an obvious activation effect at 0-1.5 mol/L NaCl and can tolerate 0.8 mol/L glucose. In conclusion, CdBglA is an acidic and mesophilic enzyme with broad pH stability and strong tolerance to most metal ions, organic solvents, NaCl and glucose. These characteristics may facilitate future theoretical research and industrial production.
beta-Glucosidase ; Sodium Chloride ; Temperature ; Glucose ; Ethanol/chemistry* ; Ions ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Enzyme Stability ; Substrate Specificity