OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of Qihuang needle therapy for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children with sleep disorder. METHODS: A total of 60 ASD children with sleep disorder were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with structured education intervention, 60 min each time, once a day, 6 times a week. Qihuang needle therapy was applied at Yintang (GV24⁺), Baihui (GV20) and bilateral Jueyinshu (BL14), Xinshu (BL15) in the observation group, multi-direction needling was delivered and without needle retaining. The treatment was given 2 times a week, each treatment was delivered at interval of 2 days at least. Behavioral intervention was adopted in the control group. Treatment for consecutive 12 weeks was required in both groups. Before and after treatment, the scores of children's sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ), the autism behavior checklist (ABC), the childhood autism rating scale (CARS), and the childhood autism behavior scale (CABS) were observed in the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the scores of CSHQ, ABC, CARS and CABS were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.01), and the above scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Qihuang needle therapy can effectively treat ASD with sleep disorder, improve the core symptoms of ASD and the sleep quality.
Humans ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology* ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology* ; Child, Preschool ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Acupuncture Points ; Treatment Outcome ; Sleep ; Needles

The zebrafish model has attracted much attention due to its strong reproductive ability, short research cycle, and ease of maintenance. It has always been an important vertebrate model system, often used to carry out human disease research. Its motor behavior features have the advantages of being simpler, more intuitive, and quantifiable. In recent years, it has received widespread attention in the study of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for the treatment of sleep disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, fatigue, epilepsy, and other diseases. This paper reviews the characteristics of zebrafish motor behavior and its applications in the pharmacodynamic verification and mechanism research of TCM extracts, active ingredients, and TCM compounds, as well as in active ingredient screening and safety evaluation. The paper also analyzes its advantages and disadvantages, with the aim of improving the breadth and depth of zebrafish and its motor behavior applications in the field of TCM research.
Zebrafish/physiology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods* ; Animals ; Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology* ; Epilepsy/physiopathology* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology* ; Fatigue/physiopathology* ; Behavior, Animal/physiology* ; Motor Activity/physiology*

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, remains poorly understood regarding how its polygenic risk score (PRS) impacts functional networks and symptomology. This study capitalized on data from 11,430 children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to explore the interplay between PRS_ADHD, brain function, and behavioral problems, along with their interactive effects. The results showed that children with a higher PRS_ADHD exhibited more severe attention deficits and rule-breaking problems, and experienced sleep disturbances, particularly in initiating and maintaining sleep. We also identified the central executive network, default mode network, and sensory-motor network as the functional networks most associated with PRS and symptoms in ADHD cases, with potential mediating roles. Particularly, the impact of PRS_ADHD was enhanced in children experiencing heightened sleep disturbances, emphasizing the need for early intervention in sleep issues to potentially mitigate subsequent ADHD symptoms.
Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology* ; Male ; Female ; Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology* ; Adolescent ; Child ; Brain/diagnostic imaging* ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Jin's three-needles therapy combined with low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on sleep disorders and EEG activity in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: By using stratified randomization method, 100 children of spastic CP with sleep disorders were randomly assigned to a control group and an observation group, with 50 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with medication, comprehensive rehabilitation training, and low-frequency rTMS, while the patients in the observation group were treated with Jin's three-needles therapy in addition to the interventions given to the control group. Acupoints selected included temporal three needles, brain three needles, intelligence three needles, four spirits needles, and bilateral Ganshu (BL 18), Shenshu (BL 23), Shenmai (BL 62), and Zhaohai (KI 6). Treatment was given once daily, five times a week, for 12 weeks. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and children's sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ) scores, modified Ashworth grade, Peabody developmental motor scales-2 (PDMS-2) score, and relative power values of δ, θ, β1, and β2 frequency bands in EEG were observed before and after treatment in both groups. Treatment safety was also evaluated. RESULTS: Compared before treatment, PSQI and CSHQ scores were decreased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), with lower scores in the observation group than the control group (P<0.05). The modified Ashworth grade showed improvement (P<0.05), with better results in the observation group (P<0.05). PDMS-2 scores were increased in all dimensions (P<0.05), with higher scores in the observation group (P<0.05). Relative power values of δ and θ frequency bands in EEG were decreased (P<0.05), with lower values in the observation group (P<0.05), while relative power values of β1 and β2 frequency bands were increased (P<0.05), with higher values in the observation group (P<0.05). Children in both groups did not occurred obvious adverse reactions. CONCLUSION Jin's three-needles therapy combined with low-frequency rTMS can effectively improve sleep disorders, spasticity and motor function, regulate EEG activity in children with spastic CP and sleep disorder, and have good safety.
Humans ; Male ; Cerebral Palsy/physiopathology* ; Female ; Child ; Electroencephalography ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Acupuncture Points ; Child, Preschool ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology* ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Treatment Outcome

ObjectiveExcessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is one of the most common sleep abnormalities in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet its multifactorial etiology complicates its treatment. This review summarized recent studies on the epidemiology, etiology, clinical implications, associated features, and evaluation of EDS in PD. The efficacy of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments for EDS in PD was also reviewed.

Data SourcesEnglish language articles indexed in PubMed and Cochrane databases and Chinese-language papers indexed in Wanfang and National Knowledge Infrastructure databases that were published between January 1987 and November 2017 were located using the following search terms: "sleepiness", "sleep and Parkinson's disease", and "Parkinson's disease and treatment".

Study SelectionOriginal research articles and critical reviews related to EDS in PD were selected.

ResultsEDS is a major health hazard and is associated with many motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD. Its causes are multifactorial. There are few specific guidelines for the treatment of EDS in PD. It is first necessary to identify and treat any possible factors causing EDS. Recent studies showed that some nonpharmacologic (i.e., cognitive behavioral therapy, light therapy, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) and pharmacologic (i.e., modafinil, methylphenidate, caffeine, istradefylline, sodium oxybate, and atomoxetine) treatments may be effective in treating EDS in PD.

ConclusionsEDS is common in the PD population and can have an immensely negative impact on quality of life. Its causes are multifactorial, which complicates its treatment. Further investigations are required to determine the safety and efficacy of potential therapies and to develop novel treatment approaches for EDS in PD.

Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parkinson Disease ; physiopathology ; Quality of Life ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; physiopathology

BackgroundSleep disturbance is one of the major non-motor symptoms which cause the disability of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Cystatin C (CysC) is a more sensitive biomarker than serum creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate. Previous studies have reported altered CysC levels in neurodegenerative disorders and sleep disorders. This study aimed to explore the correlations of serum CysC levels and objective sleep disturbances in early PD.

MethodsWe recruited 106 early PD patients and 146 age- and sex-matched controls. All participants underwent clinical investigation and video-polysomnography. Sleep parameters and serum levels of CysC were measured. Then, we investigated the relationships between CysC and clinical variables and objective sleep disturbances in early PD patients.

ResultsThe mean serum level of CysC was significantly higher in patients with early PD (1.03 ± 0.19 mg/L) compared to controls (0.96 ± 0.15 mg/L, P = 0.009). There were significantly positive correlations between serum CysC levels and age (r = 0.334, P < 0.001), gender (r = 0.264, P = 0.013), and creatinine levels (r = 0.302, P = 0.018) in early PD patients. Increased serum CysC levels in early PD patients were significantly associated with higher apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) (r = 0.231, P = 0.017), especially hypopnea index (r = 0.333, P < 0.001). In early PD patients, elevated serum CysC levels were positively correlated with oxygen desaturation index (r = 0.223, P = 0.021), percentage of time spent at oxygen saturation (SaO) <90% (r = 0.644, P < 0.001), arousal with respiratory event during sleep (r = 0.247, P = 0.013). On the contrary, the elevated serum CysC levels were negatively correlated with mean and minimal SaO(r = -0.323, -0.315, both P = 0.001) in PD patients.

ConclusionsThe level of serum CysC was higher in early PD patients. PD patients with elevated serum CysC levels had more respiratory events and more severe oxygen desaturation. Therefore, the serum CysC levels may predict the severities of sleep-disordered breathing problems in early PD patients.

Aged ; Cystatin C ; blood ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease ; blood ; physiopathology ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; blood ; physiopathology

BACKGROUNDKleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare sleep disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of hypersomnia. Polysomnographic (PSG) researches of KLS have been reported only in few publications in the past decades. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of PSG of KLS.

METHODSThis study, which was conducted from March 2010 to July 2014, included seven patients diagnosed with KLS in the Sleep and Wake Disorder Center of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University (Shanghai, China). PSG and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) were performed during their episodes and the results were evaluated.

RESULTSFive of the seven patients were males. The mean age at KLS onset was 15.6 ± 3.6 years. The number of episodes ranged from 2 to 7. The duration of episodes lasted from 4 to 11 days. The sleep architecture and proportion were normal in most of the patients. The average value of mean sleep latency was 6.9 ± 4.1 min. No sleep-onset rapid eye movement (SOREM) was detected in three of the patients, whereas one patient experienced one period of SOREM, and such episodes occurred twice in other two patients.

CONCLUSIONSWe found that sleep architecture and proportion were normal in most KLS patients. However, the results of PSG and MSLT had no specificity for KLS patients.

Adolescent ; Child ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Kleine-Levin Syndrome ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Male ; Polysomnography ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; physiopathology ; Sleep, REM ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effective differences between shallow needling and medication for the sleep disorder of schizophrenia.

METHODSNinety-six patients with the sleep disorder of schizophrenia were randomly divided into a shallow needling group and a medication group, 48 cases in each one (one case dropping in the shallow needling group and two cases dropping in the medication group). The same dose paliperidone tablets were adopted in the two groups. In the shallow needling group, the main acupoints were Baihui (GV 20), Shangenxue (Extra) and Ezhongxian (MS 1), and the acupoints based on syndrome differentiation were selected. The shallow needling manipulation was used once a day, 5 times a week. In the medication group, 3 mg eszopiclone tablets were prescribed orally before sleep once every night. The patients were treated for 6 weeks in the two groups. Sleep condition was evaluated by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy and the adverse reaction were assessed by positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) and treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) before and after 2-week, 4-week and 6-week treatment. The clinical effects between the two groups were compared.

RESULTSAfter treatment in the two groups, both the total scores and the each factor score of the PSQI and the PANSS were apparently decreased (P<0. 05, P<0. 01). As for the PSQI scale, after treatment the daytime dysfunctional score of the shallow needling group was reduced more obviously than that of the medication group (P<0. 05), and the falling asleep time in the medication group was declined more markedly compared with that in the shallow needling group (P<0. 05). Regarding the PANSS, the improvement of the pathological factor in the shallow needling group was better than that in the medication group after treatment (P<0. 05), and the improvement of the positive factor in the medication group was superior to that in the shallow needling group after treatment (P<0. 05). The total scores and each factor score of the PSQI and the PANSS were not statistically different between the two groups after treatment (P>0. 05). At the end of the 6th week, the curative and effective rate was 63. 9% (30/47) and the total effective rate was 95. 8% (45/47) in the shallow needling group;the curative and effective rate was 58. 7% (27/46) and the total effective rate was 91. 3% (42/46) in the medication group. The difference of the effect was not statistically significant between the two groups (P>0. 05). The scores of TESS in the shallow needling group were lower than those in the medication group (P<0. 01, P<0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe effect of shallow needling for assisting the sleeping disorder of schizophrenia is reliable and it is similar with the efficacy of eszopiclone. Also, the shallow needling can improve the daytime dysfunction and the pathological factor apparently without adverse reaction and pain. Its safety is obviously better than that of eszopiclone.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Schizophrenia ; complications ; Sleep ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference of clinical efficacy on sleeping disorder in the children with encephalopathy between the combined therapy of acupuncture at head points and seed-pressure at ear points and the simple acupuncture at head points.

METHODSThirty cases of sleeping disorder induced by encephalopathy werei randomized into an observation group and a control group, 15 cases in each one. In the observation group, the combined therapy of acupuncture at head points and seed-pressure at ear points was adopted. The head points in cluded Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Shenting (GV 24) and Benshen (GB 13). The ear points were the positive reactive sites in the cymba and cavum conchae. In the control group, acupuncture was applied simply to the acupoints on the head. The treatment was given once on every Tuesday and Friday a week separately, 30 min each time. Totally, 16 treatments were required. Children's sleeping habit questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to observe the sleep improvements and the efficacy in the patients of the two groups.

RESULTSIn the observation group, the results of sleep resistance, sleep anxiety, night sleep wake, parasomnias, sleep dyspnea, daytime somnolence and the total score after treatment were all improved apparently as compared with those before treatment (all P<0. 05). In the control group, the results of night sleep wake, parasomnias, daytime somnolence and the total score after treatment were improved apparently than those before treatment (all P<0. 05). In the observation group, the results of sleep resistance, sleep dyspnea and the total score after treatment were better than those in the control group (all P<0. 05) and the scores of sleep anxiety and daytime somnolence in the control group were better than those in the observation group after treatment (both P<0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe combined therapy of acupuncture at head points and seed-pressure at the positive reactive sites in the cymba and cavum conchae achieves the superior efficacy on sleep resistance and sleep dyspnea as compared with the simple acupuncture. The efficacy of simple acupuncture is more satisfactory on sleep anxiety and daytime somnolence.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Acupuncture, Ear ; Brain Diseases ; complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Sleep ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the sleep quality between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy controls; and to evaluate the relationship between RA disease activity and sleep quality in Korea. METHODS: A total of 130 RA patients and 67 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in a comparative study of sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Age, gender, concomitant medication, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum C-reactive protein, Beck Depression Inventory second edition (BDI-II), 28 joints disease activity score (DAS28), pain visual analog scale (VAS), and PSQI were analyzed as covariates. We also analyzed the sleep quality of RA patients according to the disease activity (DAS28 < or = 3.2, 3.2 < DAS28 < 5.1, and DAS28 > or = 5.1, respectively). RESULTS: The total PSQI score and the frequency of poor sleep quality, were higher in the RA patients (5.62 +/- 4.19, 38.5%) than in the control subjects (3.57 +/- 2.17, 13.4%). The patients with poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5) were older and had a higher BDI-II and VAS score than the patients without sleep disturbance (PSQI < or = 5). The score in subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, daytime dysfunction, total PSQI, and frequency of poor sleep quality were increased when RA activity was high. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep disturbance was observed in RA patients (38.5%), and high RA disease activity was associated with poor sleep quality in Korea.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis/ethnology/*physiopathology ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Case-Control Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/diagnosis/ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; *Sleep ; Sleep Wake Disorders/diagnosis/ethnology/*physiopathology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult