Summary Cutaneous manifestations of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are variable. We present a case of non-drug related symmetrical flexural and intertriginous exanthema in a patient with COVID-19 infection. A 58-year-old Chinese male who was diagnosed to have COVID-19 infection, developed maculopapular erythematous rashes at bilateral axillary and inguinal folds on the fourth day of illness. He was treated symptomatically with anti-histamine and topical corticosteroid. The skin condition improved and he was discharged well on tenth day of illness. Although symmetrical flexural intertriginous exanthema isclassically caused by drug reaction, this case demonstrated the possibility of the rash being directly associated with COVID-19 infection. More cohorts should be evaluated to fully describe the full spectrum of dermatological manifestation in COVID-19.
Exanthema ; COVID-19 ; Skin Manifestations

Infantile hemangioma (IH) usually presents solely as a cutaneous manifestation, and rarely accompanies diverse anomalies such as spinal dysraphism. A 2-month-old girl presented with IH on her lumbar skin as a coin-sized red plaque with adjacent depressed skin and a child-palm-sized red plaque on her left ankle since birth. Considering the coexistence of IH and depressed skin on the midline in her lumbosacral area, magnetic resonance imaging of her spine was performed, which showed intraspinal/dermal vascular tumors with spina bifida occulta at the 12th thoracic vertebrae level. Furthermore, no neurologic deficits were observed. She has been taking oral propranolol with topical timolol to prevent neural complications and the lesions clinically improved. However, additional surgery for the intraspinal lesions was considered due to urination/defecation abnormalities since she was 13 months of age. In cases of midline IH, particularly with additional skin lesions, appropriate imaging studies to identify accompanying anomalies should be performed, and referrals to neurosurgical specialists should be considered.
Ankle ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Parturition ; Propranolol ; Referral and Consultation ; Skin ; Specialization ; Spina Bifida Occulta ; Spinal Dysraphism ; Spine ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; Timolol

Pustulotic arthro-osteitis (PAO) is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by inflammatory osteitis of the sternoclavicular joint and palmoplantar pustulosis. Here, we report a case of PAO that was successfully treated with a TNF-α inhibitor. A 45-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of pustular eruption on the palms and soles. Physical examination showed multiple erythematous papulopustules on the palms, back, and left shin, accompanied by sternoclavicular joint swelling and tenderness. Skin biopsy showed intraepidermal pustules filled with neutrophils on the palm. Bone scintigraphy revealed increased uptake in the bilateral sternoclavicular and other axial joints. Based on these findings, we made the diagnosis of PAO. Even after 6-month treatment of oral steroids and cyclosporine, skin manifestations insufficiently improved, so etanercept therapy was started. Complete clearance of skin lesions and joint pain were achieved after 3 months of etanercept therapy.
Arthralgia ; Biopsy ; Cyclosporine ; Diagnosis ; Etanercept ; Humans ; Joints ; Middle Aged ; Neutrophils ; Osteitis ; Physical Examination ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Skin ; Skin Manifestations ; Sternoclavicular Joint ; Steroids

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is commonly performed in patients with intracranial hypertension or brain edema due to traumatic brain injury. Infrequently, neurologic deteriorations accompanied by sunken scalp may occur after DC. We report two patients with traumatic subdural hemorrhage who had neurologic deteriorations accompanied by sunken scalp after DC. Neurologic function improved dramatically in both patients after cranioplasty. Monitoring for neurologic deterioration after craniectomy is advised. For patients showing neurologic deficit with a sunken scalp, early cranioplasty should be considered.
Brain Edema ; Brain Injuries ; Decompressive Craniectomy ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Intracranial Hypertension ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Scalp ; Skin

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with an unknown etiology and pathogenesis. The incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing rapidly in Korea. Approximately one-third of patients with IBD appear to develop extra-intestinal manifestations with the skin being one of the most commonly affected organs. They may precede, occur simultaneously, or follow the diagnosis of IBD. In addition, they may parallel with the luminal symptoms or independent from the disease activity of IBD. This review outlines the skin manifestations associated with IBD and discusses their management. Skin manifestations should be managed in close collaboration with a dermatologist.
Colitis, Ulcerative ; Cooperative Behavior ; Crohn Disease ; Diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Korea ; Phenobarbital ; Prevalence ; Skin ; Skin Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with an unknown etiology and pathogenesis. The incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing rapidly in Korea. Approximately one-third of patients with IBD appear to develop extra-intestinal manifestations with the skin being one of the most commonly affected organs. They may precede, occur simultaneously, or follow the diagnosis of IBD. In addition, they may parallel with the luminal symptoms or independent from the disease activity of IBD. This review outlines the skin manifestations associated with IBD and discusses their management. Skin manifestations should be managed in close collaboration with a dermatologist.
Colitis, Ulcerative ; Cooperative Behavior ; Crohn Disease ; Diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Korea ; Phenobarbital ; Prevalence ; Skin ; Skin Manifestations

BACKGROUND: The reversal of a neuromuscular blockade has typically been achieved with a cholinesterase inhibitor and the concomitant use of an anticholinergic agent, and this remains a popular method. Since the introduction of sugammadex in the market, its use has been increasing because of the rapid recovery from a neuromuscular blockade achieved by rocuronium. The occurrence of anaphylaxis or an anaphylactic reaction resulting from sugammadex is rare and has been reported sparsely. Thus, one may not recognize the possibility of sugammadex-induced hypersensitivity when sudden life-threatening hypotension occurs, especially without skin manifestations during the emergence of anesthesia. This may delay treatment and increase morbidity. CASE: We report a case of a sugammadex-related hypersensitivity reaction which manifested as pure cardiovascular collapse during the emergence of anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: We emphasize that vigilance should be paid for at least five minutes following sugammadex administration in daily clinical practice.
Anaphylaxis ; Anesthesia ; Cholinesterases ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypotension ; Methods ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Skin Manifestations

No abstract available.
Acne Conglobata ; Acne Vulgaris ; Luteoma ; Skin Manifestations ; Skin

Ecthyma gangrenosum (EG) is a rare skin manifestation which starts with a maculopapular eruption and followed by a necrotic ulcer covered with black eschar. EG usually occurs in immunosuppressed patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis. We present a previously healthy 12-month-old girl with EG by P. aeruginosa and agranulocytosis due to influenza A and then rhinovirus infection, without bacteremia. It is important for allergists to culture wound and differentiate EG from other skin disorders including Tsutsugamushi disease and initiate appropriate empiric antipseudomonal antibiotic treatment, and to evaluate for possible immunodeficiency, even in a healthy child.
Agranulocytosis* ; Bacteremia ; Child ; Ecthyma* ; Female* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Influenza, Human ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Rhinovirus ; Scrub Typhus ; Sepsis ; Skin ; Skin Manifestations ; Ulcer ; Wounds and Injuries

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a very rare, locally aggressive vascular neoplasm. It occurs mostly in children and is rarely observed in adults. It typically originates on the skin, later affecting the deep soft tissue of the extremities, head or neck, and retroperitoneum by infiltrative growth. It is locally aggressive, does not regress spontaneously, and tends to metastasize locally as well as to the regional lymph nodes. In this article, we report a case of adult-onset KHE with neurofibromatosis type 1. The patient presented to our department with a 2-month history of a painful ulceration in her left popliteal area. Since KHE had not previously been reported in patients with neurofibromatosis, the diagnosis was difficult due to the similarity of the skin manifestation to neurofibromatosis-associated lesions. We share our experience of diagnosing and treating this rare case of adult-onset KHE.
Adult ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Head ; Hemangioendothelioma* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neck ; Neoplasms, Vascular Tissue ; Neuralgia ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1* ; Skin ; Skin Manifestations ; Ulcer ; Vascular Neoplasms