Farrerol is a dihydroflavone compound extracted from the dried leaves of Rhododendron dauricum belonging to the Ericaceae family. This article systematically reviews relevant research on farrerol both domestically and internationally， summarizes its pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action， and finds that it exerts cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective effects by maintaining the homeostasis of vascular endothelial function and inhibiting vascular intimal hyperplasia； exerts renal protective effects by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway to reduce renal damage； exerts liver protective effects by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway， activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway， improving insulin resistance， and reducing lipid deposition in the liver； exerts neuroprotective effects by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway， inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4 and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathways to reduce neuroinflammatory damage； exerts bone protective effects by promoting tendon formation and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation； exerts antitumor effects by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and weakening tumor cell invasion and metastasis； and exerts antibacterial effects by downregulating α -toxin expression， interfering with β -lactamase/penicillin-binding protein 2a （PBP2a）， and inhibiting PBP2a oligomerization. Currently， research on the pharmacological effects of farrerol is still mainly focused on animal and cell experiments. Further mechanistic studies and clinical trials are needed to provide theoretical basis for its new drug development and clinical application.

Farrerol is a dihydroflavone compound extracted from the dried leaves of Rhododendron dauricum belonging to the Ericaceae family. This article systematically reviews relevant research on farrerol both domestically and internationally， summarizes its pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action， and finds that it exerts cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective effects by maintaining the homeostasis of vascular endothelial function and inhibiting vascular intimal hyperplasia； exerts renal protective effects by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway to reduce renal damage； exerts liver protective effects by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway， activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway， improving insulin resistance， and reducing lipid deposition in the liver； exerts neuroprotective effects by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway， inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4 and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathways to reduce neuroinflammatory damage； exerts bone protective effects by promoting tendon formation and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation； exerts antitumor effects by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and weakening tumor cell invasion and metastasis； and exerts antibacterial effects by downregulating α -toxin expression， interfering with β -lactamase/penicillin-binding protein 2a （PBP2a）， and inhibiting PBP2a oligomerization. Currently， research on the pharmacological effects of farrerol is still mainly focused on animal and cell experiments. Further mechanistic studies and clinical trials are needed to provide theoretical basis for its new drug development and clinical application.

Objective To explore the advantages of high-frequency ultrasound-guided"cross-shaped"positioning method in accurate positioning and surgical effect in open reduction and internal fixation of rib fractures.Methods Retrospective analysis of 97 cases of multiple rib fractures treated surgically in our department from october 2019 to october 2024.Patients were divided into three groups based on different localization methods.The control group designed the surgical incision according to the results of chest three-dimensional reconstruction,the ultrasound group determined the incision based on the control group combined with high-frequency ultrasound,and Based on the method used in the ultrasound group,the"cross-localization"technique was combined to determine the incision in the cross-shaped group.The comparison of surgical-related data included fracture positioning accuracy,incision length of per singer rib,postoperative drainage volume,duration of drainage tube retention,postoperative pain score,operative time,intraoperative blood loss,length of hospital stay and incision infection rate.Additionally,commonly used inflammatory markers(white blood cell count,neutrophil percentage,CRP,IL-6,NF-κB)and pain-related biomarkers(PGE2,5-HT)were also included in the comparative analysis.Results In the control group,ultrasound group,and crossover group,aside from wound infections,the respective accuracies of fracture localization were 68.97％vs 87.50％vs 97.22％,the length of single rib incision was(3.50±1.23)cm vs(2.70±0.62)cm vs(2.45±0.58)cm,the volume of drainage on the day of surgery was(170.55±27.85)ml vs(150.69±24.67)ml vs(120.34±18.45)ml,the duration of drainage tube retention was(4.17±1.12)days vs(3.67±0.95)days vs(3.12±0.65)days,the postoperative pain scores were(6.86±2.15)vs(5.54±1.15)vs(4.89±1.53),the operation times were(75.84±15.62)minutes vs(67.74±11.85)minutes vs(57.35±9.36)minutes,the intraoperative blood loss was(85.78±11.78)ml vs(72.65±8.92)ml vs(62.23±9.63)ml,and the length of hospital stay was(8.42±1.47)days vs(7.12±1.14)days vs(6.56±1.32)days.The crossover group showed superior results in all metrics compared to the other two groups,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The inflammatory and pain stress indicators for the control,ultrasound,and crossover groups were as follows:white blood cell counts[(16.39±4.15)× 109/Lvs(13.25±2.45)× 109/L vs(12.02±2.77)× 109/L],neutrophil percentages[(80.14±12.21)vs(72.36±10.34)vs(65.73±8.83)],CRP[(31.86±6.87)mg/L vs(27.72±5.65)mg/L vs(24.69±4.11)mg/L],IL-6[(46.35±11.42)pg/L vs(41.42±8.75)pg/L vs(35.53±9.51)pg/L],NF-B[(22.55±4.98)pg/L vs(17.34±3.62)pg/L vs(15.91±3.84)pg/L],PGE2[(240.37±21.65)ng/L vs(209.45±23.24)ng/L vs(180.21±18.72)ng/L],and 5-HT[(290.62±34.37)ng/L vs(270.85±26.98)ng/L vs(210.62±19.64)ng/L].The crossover group demonstrated statistically significant differences compared to both the control and ultrasound groups(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in incision infection among the three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The ultrasound-guided"cross"positioning method for rib fracture open reduction and internal fixation can more accurately locate the incision,shorten the incision length and hospitalization time,reduce postoperative inflammatory response and patient pain,and facilitate rapid recovery after surgery.

Exosomal circular RNA(circRNAs)are pivotal in cancer biology,and tumor pathophysiology.These stable,non-coding RNAs encapsulated in exosomes participated in cancer progression,tumor growth,metas-tasis,drug sensitivity and the tumor microenvironment(TME).Their presence in bodily fluids positions them as potential non-invasive biomarkers,revealing the molecular dynamics of cancers.Research in exosomal circRNAs is reshaping our understanding of neoplastic intercellular communication.Exploiting the natural properties of exosomes for targeted drug delivery and disrupting circRNA-mediated pro-tumorigenic signaling can develop new treatment modalities.Therefore,ongoing exploration of exoso-mal circRNAs in cancer research is poised to revolutionize clinical management of cancer.This emerging field offers hope for significant breakthroughs in cancer care.This review underscores the critical role of exosomal circRNAs in cancer biology and drug resistance,highlighting their potential as non-invasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets that could transform the clinical management of cancer.

Exosomal circular RNA (circRNAs) are pivotal in cancer biology, and tumor pathophysiology. These stable, non-coding RNAs encapsulated in exosomes participated in cancer progression, tumor growth, metastasis, drug sensitivity and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Their presence in bodily fluids positions them as potential non-invasive biomarkers, revealing the molecular dynamics of cancers. Research in exosomal circRNAs is reshaping our understanding of neoplastic intercellular communication. Exploiting the natural properties of exosomes for targeted drug delivery and disrupting circRNA-mediated pro-tumorigenic signaling can develop new treatment modalities. Therefore, ongoing exploration of exosomal circRNAs in cancer research is poised to revolutionize clinical management of cancer. This emerging field offers hope for significant breakthroughs in cancer care. This review underscores the critical role of exosomal circRNAs in cancer biology and drug resistance, highlighting their potential as non-invasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets that could transform the clinical management of cancer.

Objective·To investigate the application effects and benefits of full-neuroendoscopic technique in the surgical treatment of posterior cranial fossa lesions.Methods·A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 105 patients with posterior cranial fossa lesions who underwent surgery using full-neuroendoscopic techniques at the Department of Neurosurgery,Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,between January 2021 and December 2023.The data included patients'gender,age,lesion locations,nature of lesions,surgical procedures,and postoperative recovery.Follow-up with contrast-enhanced MRI was performed one month postoperatively,with subsequent follow-ups every three months on average,depending on the nature of the lesions.Results·Among the 105 patients,there were 45 males with an average age of(56±17)years and 60 females with an average age of(62±12)years.Lesions were predominantly located in the cerebellopontine angle area(78 cases),with others in the petrous bone area(7 cases),cerebellum(10 cases),and brainstem(10 cases).The nature of lesions included vestibular schwannoma(11 cases),meningioma(7 cases),glioma(7 cases),brain metastases(7 cases),hemangioblastoma(6 cases),cyst(1 case),and neuropathic conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia(43 cases),hemifacial spasm(22 cases),and glossopharyngeal neuralgia(1 case).All patients successfully underwent resection or biopsy of their lesions or microvascular decompression under full-neuroendoscopy.The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 3 years.Enhanced MRI confirmed complete resection in 34 tumor cases(87.2％),near-total resection in 3 cases(7.7％),and biopsy in 2 cases(5.1％).Three deaths occurred during follow-up.Among the patients with vascular neuropathic diseases,two with trigeminal neuralgia experienced incomplete pain relief postoperatively.The resolution rates for hemifacial spasm and glossopharyngeal neuralgia were 100％.Postoperative complications occurred in 3 cases,with 2 cases of hydrocephalus that were managed with ventriculoperitoneal shunting,and 1 case of poor wound healing.Conclusion·Full-neuroendoscopic technique demonstrates potential in the surgical treatment of posterior cranial fossa lesions.

Objective To explore the advantages of high-frequency ultrasound-guided"cross-shaped"positioning method in accurate positioning and surgical effect in open reduction and internal fixation of rib fractures.Methods Retrospective analysis of 97 cases of multiple rib fractures treated surgically in our department from october 2019 to october 2024.Patients were divided into three groups based on different localization methods.The control group designed the surgical incision according to the results of chest three-dimensional reconstruction,the ultrasound group determined the incision based on the control group combined with high-frequency ultrasound,and Based on the method used in the ultrasound group,the"cross-localization"technique was combined to determine the incision in the cross-shaped group.The comparison of surgical-related data included fracture positioning accuracy,incision length of per singer rib,postoperative drainage volume,duration of drainage tube retention,postoperative pain score,operative time,intraoperative blood loss,length of hospital stay and incision infection rate.Additionally,commonly used inflammatory markers(white blood cell count,neutrophil percentage,CRP,IL-6,NF-κB)and pain-related biomarkers(PGE2,5-HT)were also included in the comparative analysis.Results In the control group,ultrasound group,and crossover group,aside from wound infections,the respective accuracies of fracture localization were 68.97％vs 87.50％vs 97.22％,the length of single rib incision was(3.50±1.23)cm vs(2.70±0.62)cm vs(2.45±0.58)cm,the volume of drainage on the day of surgery was(170.55±27.85)ml vs(150.69±24.67)ml vs(120.34±18.45)ml,the duration of drainage tube retention was(4.17±1.12)days vs(3.67±0.95)days vs(3.12±0.65)days,the postoperative pain scores were(6.86±2.15)vs(5.54±1.15)vs(4.89±1.53),the operation times were(75.84±15.62)minutes vs(67.74±11.85)minutes vs(57.35±9.36)minutes,the intraoperative blood loss was(85.78±11.78)ml vs(72.65±8.92)ml vs(62.23±9.63)ml,and the length of hospital stay was(8.42±1.47)days vs(7.12±1.14)days vs(6.56±1.32)days.The crossover group showed superior results in all metrics compared to the other two groups,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The inflammatory and pain stress indicators for the control,ultrasound,and crossover groups were as follows:white blood cell counts[(16.39±4.15)× 109/Lvs(13.25±2.45)× 109/L vs(12.02±2.77)× 109/L],neutrophil percentages[(80.14±12.21)vs(72.36±10.34)vs(65.73±8.83)],CRP[(31.86±6.87)mg/L vs(27.72±5.65)mg/L vs(24.69±4.11)mg/L],IL-6[(46.35±11.42)pg/L vs(41.42±8.75)pg/L vs(35.53±9.51)pg/L],NF-B[(22.55±4.98)pg/L vs(17.34±3.62)pg/L vs(15.91±3.84)pg/L],PGE2[(240.37±21.65)ng/L vs(209.45±23.24)ng/L vs(180.21±18.72)ng/L],and 5-HT[(290.62±34.37)ng/L vs(270.85±26.98)ng/L vs(210.62±19.64)ng/L].The crossover group demonstrated statistically significant differences compared to both the control and ultrasound groups(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in incision infection among the three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The ultrasound-guided"cross"positioning method for rib fracture open reduction and internal fixation can more accurately locate the incision,shorten the incision length and hospitalization time,reduce postoperative inflammatory response and patient pain,and facilitate rapid recovery after surgery.

Objective·To investigate the application effects and benefits of full-neuroendoscopic technique in the surgical treatment of posterior cranial fossa lesions.Methods·A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 105 patients with posterior cranial fossa lesions who underwent surgery using full-neuroendoscopic techniques at the Department of Neurosurgery,Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,between January 2021 and December 2023.The data included patients'gender,age,lesion locations,nature of lesions,surgical procedures,and postoperative recovery.Follow-up with contrast-enhanced MRI was performed one month postoperatively,with subsequent follow-ups every three months on average,depending on the nature of the lesions.Results·Among the 105 patients,there were 45 males with an average age of(56±17)years and 60 females with an average age of(62±12)years.Lesions were predominantly located in the cerebellopontine angle area(78 cases),with others in the petrous bone area(7 cases),cerebellum(10 cases),and brainstem(10 cases).The nature of lesions included vestibular schwannoma(11 cases),meningioma(7 cases),glioma(7 cases),brain metastases(7 cases),hemangioblastoma(6 cases),cyst(1 case),and neuropathic conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia(43 cases),hemifacial spasm(22 cases),and glossopharyngeal neuralgia(1 case).All patients successfully underwent resection or biopsy of their lesions or microvascular decompression under full-neuroendoscopy.The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 3 years.Enhanced MRI confirmed complete resection in 34 tumor cases(87.2％),near-total resection in 3 cases(7.7％),and biopsy in 2 cases(5.1％).Three deaths occurred during follow-up.Among the patients with vascular neuropathic diseases,two with trigeminal neuralgia experienced incomplete pain relief postoperatively.The resolution rates for hemifacial spasm and glossopharyngeal neuralgia were 100％.Postoperative complications occurred in 3 cases,with 2 cases of hydrocephalus that were managed with ventriculoperitoneal shunting,and 1 case of poor wound healing.Conclusion·Full-neuroendoscopic technique demonstrates potential in the surgical treatment of posterior cranial fossa lesions.

Objective To explore the grading of acute gastrointestinal injury(AGI)events in patients with different severities of acute ischemic stroke(AIS)and correlation of short-term prognosis.Methods AIS patients admitted from the Advanced Stroke Center of the Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to November 2023 were retrospectively selected,and depending on the degree of nerve function defect(NIHSS)scores.AIS patients were divided into two groups:NIHSS ≤ 14 group and NIHSS＞14 group.The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score,general baseline data,clinical test indicators,AGI event classification and short-term prognosis were collected at admission.Results A total of 270 patients were included,with an average age of(64.95±13.65)years,70.0％males and 30.0％females.The proportion of AIS patients with AGI incident accounted for 66.30％.AIS patients after AGI incidents,90 days after the onset of the modified Rankin rating scale(mRS)score＞2 points of 83 people,accounting for 30.7％;The poor clinical outcomes of 270 AIS patients with different AGI event grades were significantly different(P＜0.05),among which AGI grade 0 and AGI grade Ⅰ were significantly different from AGI grade Ⅲ and AGI grade Ⅳ,respectively.The incidence of poor prognosis of AGI grade Ⅲ and AGI grade Ⅳ is significantly higher than that of AGI grade 0 and AGI grade Ⅰ.In AIS patients with NIHSS＞14 group,there were significant differences in the adverse clinical outcomes between AGI grade 0,AGI grade Ⅰ and AGI grade Ⅲ(P＜0.05),and the incidence of poor prognosis of AGI grade Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of AGI grade 0 and AGI grade Ⅰ.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that NIHSS score was an independent risk factor for AGI events in AIS patients(P＜0.05).The higher the NIHSS score,the higher the risk of AGI events in AIS patients.And age,NIHSS score,systolic blood pressure is 90 days after AGI events affect AIS patients independent risk factors of poor prognosis(P＜0.05),the higher the age,the greater the NIHSS score,the higher systolic blood pressure of patients with AIS 90 days after AGI events are at higher risk of poor prognosis.Conclusion AGI event grading in patients with AIS of different severity is associated with short-term prognosis.

Objective To construct and validate a risk prediction model for delayed healing of venous leg ulcer(VLU),so as to provide a reference basis for early identification of people at high risk of delayed healing.Methods Using a convenience sampling method,331 VLU patients attending vascular surgery departments in 2 tertiary A hospitals in Sichuan Province from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected as a modeling group and an internal validation group,and 112 patients admitted to another tertiary A hospital were selected as an external validation group.Risk factors for delayed healing in VLU patients were screened using univariate analysis,LASSO regression,and multivariate logistic regression analysis,and a risk prediction model was constructed using R software,and the predictive effects of the models were examined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,the Hosmer-Lemeshow test,decision curve,and the bootstrap resampling for internal validation and spatial external validation were performed,respectively.Results The predictors that ultimately entered the prediction model were diabetes(OR=4.752),deep vein thrombosis(OR=4.104),lipodermatosclerosis(OR=5.405),ulcer recurrence(OR=3.239),and ankle mobility(OR=5.520).The model had good discrimination(AUC:0.819 for internal validation and 0.858 for external validation),calibration(Hosmer-Lemeshow test:χ2=13.517,P=0.095 for internal validation and χ2=3.375,P=0.909 for external validation)and clinical validity.Conclusion The model constructed in this study has good differentiation and calibration,and it can effectively predict people at high risk of delayed healing of VLU,which facilitates targeted clinical interventions to improve ulcer outcomes and reduce the risk of delayed ulcer healing.