Chronic heart failure （CHF） is a complex clinical syndrome caused by ventricular dysfunction， with mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder being a critical factor in disease progression. Heart-Yang deficiency syndrome， as the core pathogenesis of CHF， persists throughout the disease course. Insufficiency of heart-Yang leads to weakened warming and propelling functions， resulting in the accumulation of phlegm-fluid， blood stasis， and dampness. This eventually causes Qi stagnation with phlegm obstruction and blood stasis with water retention， forming a vicious cycle that exacerbates disease progression. According to the theory of reinforcing Yang， the clinical experience of the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） master Tang Zuxuan in treating CHF with heart-Yang deficiency syndrome， and achievements from molecular biological studies， this study innovatively proposes an integrated research framework of "TCM syndrome differentiation and staging-mitochondrial metabolism mechanisms-intervention with Yang-reinforcing prescriptions" which is characterized by the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Heart-Yang deficiency syndrome is classified into mild （Stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ）， severe （Stage Ⅲ）， and critical （Stage Ⅳ） stages. The study elucidates the precise correlations between the pathogenesis of each stage and mitochondrial metabolism disorders from theoretical， pathophysiological， and therapeutic perspectives. The mild stage is characterized by impaired biogenesis and substrate-utilization imbalance， corresponding to heart-Yang deficiency and phlegm-fluid aggregation. Linggui Zhugantang and similar prescriptions can significantly improve the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1α（PGC-1α）/silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 （SIRT1） and ATPase activity. The severe stage centers on oxidative stress and structural damage， reflecting Yang deficiency with water overflow and phlegm-blood stasis intermingling. At this stage， Zhenwu Tang and Qiangxin Tang can effectively mitigate oxidative stress damage， increase adenosine triphosphate （ATP） content， and repair mitochondrial structure. The critical stage arises from calcium overload and mitochondrial disintegration， leading to the collapse of Yin-Yang equilibrium. At this stage， Yang-restoring and crisis-resolving prescriptions such as Fuling Sini Tang and Qili Qiangxin capsules can inhibit abnormal opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore （MPTP）， reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate， and protect mitochondrial function. By summarizing the characteristics of mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders at different stages of CHF， this study explores the application of the theory of reinforcing Yang in treating heart-Yang deficiency syndrome and provides new insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHF.

Chronic heart failure （CHF） refers to a clinical syndrome in which the function or structure of the heart is changed due to damage to the original myocardium， resulting in reduced pumping and/or filling functions of the heart. In recent years， the mechanisms， pathways， and targets of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of CHF have been continuously confirmed， and the application of TCM theories in guiding the syndrome differentiation and precise treatment of CHF is currently a research hotspot. On the basis of the syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM， Professor LI Candong innovatively proposed the thinking of five differentiation： Disease differentiation， syndrome differentiation， pathogenesis differentiation， symptom differentiation， and individual differentiation. This article explores the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHF from this thinking， emphasizing comprehensive syndrome differentiation， objective analysis， dynamic assessment， and individualized treatment. In terms of diagnosis， the first is to identify the disease name， cause， location， severity， and type of CHF， determine the type and its evolution， and clarify the process of transmission and transformation between deficiency and excess. Secondly， it is necessary to distinguish the authenticity， severity， primary and secondary， urgency and complexity of CHF syndromes， providing scientific guidance for syndrome differentiation and treatment. Thirdly， according to the symptoms and the principles of deficiency and excess， the physician should identify the core pathogenesis of CHF from the perspectives of Qi， blood， Yin， Yang， deficiency， stasis， phlegm， water， and toxins. Fourthly， from the macro， meso and micro levels， the physician should carefully distinguish the presence or absence， severity， authenticity， and completeness of the symptoms to guide the diagnosis and treatment process of CHF. Finally， personalized medication for CHF should be promoted based on the patient's gender， age， constitution， and living habits. In terms of treatment， based on the thinking of five differentiation， we propose that the treatment of CHF should integrate the disease and syndrome， clarify the pathogenesis， and apply precise treatment. The treatment should be people-oriented， staged， and typed， and the medication should be adjusted according to symptoms. This diagnostic and therapeutic approach is based on the holistic concept and syndrome differentiation and treatment， and combines the three causes for appropriate treatment， providing new ideas and insights for the diagnosis and treatment of CHF.

Objective:To evaluate the sample preparation proficiency and storage proficiency of 11 clinical biobanks in Beijing through simulated experiments, and to establish an assessment method for the quality comparability of biological samples.Methods:An exploratory research design was adopted. In November 2023, artificial composite serum quality control materials containing six recombinant human protein markers—recombinant human alanine aminotransferase (rhALT), recombinant human aspartate aminotransferase (rhAST), recombinant human creatine kinase (rhCK), recombinant human creatine kinase-MB (rhCK-MB), recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide (rhBNP), and recombinant human troponin I (rhTNI)—were distributed to 11 clinical biobanks in Beijing City. Sample preparation and storage followed the standardized operating procedures. Proficiency differences were assessed through statistical analysis.Results:Three-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed all six protein markers showed a declining trend over storage time in ultra-low-temperature environments ( F values 11.68-4 179.66, all P<0.01). However, neither long-term/temporary refrigerator types ( F values 0.01-1.23, all P>0.05)nor placement locations within refrigerators significantly affected the stability of these six proteins ( F valus 0.03-1.47, all P>0.05). The biases in detection results for rhALT, rhAST, rhTNI, and rhBNP at different storage time points were within the allowable bias limits for each item, supporting their use as markers for protein stability in biobank samples. All 11 institutions passed the storage proficiency assessment. In the preparation proficiency assessment, deviations were observed in post-preparation sample results, with a notably high out-of-control rate for rhCK (36.36%). Conclusion:Sample preparation proficiency can serve as a quality control metric for clinical biobanks. Future external quality assessment systems for biobanks should focus on sample preparation rather than storage processes.

Objective To analyze the prevalence status of cardiometabolic risk factor (CMRF) and its aggregation among workers engaged in new forms of employment. Methods A total of 5 429 new employment workers (including couriers, online food delivery workers, and ride hailing drivers) who underwent health medical examinations at a tertiary hospital in Beijing City were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. Data on waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipid levels were collected to analyze their CMRF [central obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, elevated triglycerides, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] and their aggregation (with ≥ 2 of the above 5 risk factors) status. Results The detection rates of central obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, elevated triglycerides, and reduced HDL-C were 61.2%, 38.2%, 29.5%, 40.9% and 22.6%, respectively. The detection rates of CMRF aggregation was 57.8%. The result of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male, age ≥45 years, smoking, overweight, and obesity were risk factors for CMRF aggregation (all P<0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of CMRF and its aggregation among workers with new forms of employment in Beijing City is relatively high. Targeted prevention and control efforts should be strengthened for high-risk populations, especially males, workers aged ≥45 years, smokers, and those who are overweight or obese.

In September 2023， the Measures for Scientific and Technological Ethics Review （Trial Implementation） was issued， revising the provisions related to the simplified procedure for ethical review in Chapter 3， Section 3. This revision of these provisions provides systematic guarantees for further optimizing ethical review work， ensuring that ethical review procedure is well-regulated， and improving scientific research efficiency. The “simplified procedure” does not mean reducing the quality and requirements of the review. Instead， based on always following internationally recognized ethical standards and emphasizing not violating national laws and regulations， improving the efficiency of ethical review and subsequent research work， and promoting the development of life sciences and medical research involving humans. In practical work， it introduces numerous new opportunities and challenges for the improvement of ethics review ability， such as new tests on the judgment and decision-making power of ethics committees， how to ensure the reliability and controllability of the conditions related to the simplified review procedure， and how to determine the basic conditions for adopting the simplified review procedure for review. Therefore， to actively respond to the challenges and possible risks brought by the simplified procedure review， efforts should be made to achieve three “unifications”， including the unification of researchers’ moral autonomy and the heteronomy of supervision implemented by relevant departments； the unification of the standard formulation of the simplified procedure review and the review work in practice； and the unification of ethical responsibility and legal responsibility.

Epileptogenesis is a dynamic process of gradual progression from normal developing brain to pathological epileptic brain， which is the latent and budding stage of epilepsy. Combining the understanding of epileptogenesis in children from Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， we proposed that the viewpoints of constitutional transformation， phlegm pathogen inducing epilepsy， and brain collateral damage， which correspond to key pathological mechanisms， namely gene polymorphism， immunoinflammation， and microvascular dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier， respectively. Based on these insights， strategies for prevention and treatment of epileptogenesis in children， as well as potential research directions are explored.

BACKGROUND:Currently,methods for obtaining primary intervertebral disc cells are mostly cumbersome and there is a lack of relevant reports on the simultaneous extraction of three types of cells. Therefore,it is crucial to find a method to simultaneously extract three types of cells. OBJECTIVE:To explore a method for simultaneously extracting and culturing three types of intervertebral disc cells from rats,to identify them,and to investigate the effects of monolayer versus micromass cultures on the extracellular matrix. METHODS:The cartilaginous endplate (CEP),nucleus pulposus (NP),and annulus fibrosus (AF) tissues were separated from 3-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rat intervertebral disc tissue. For the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus tissues,0.1％ pronase E was used for 30 minutes of digestion at 37 ℃ followed by 0.2％ collagenase type Ⅱ digestion for 4 hours to release the cells;for the cartilaginous endplate tissue,direct digestion with 0.2％ collagenase type Ⅱ for 4 hours was performed to release the cells. The cells,after removal of the digestion enzymes,were seeded into culture dishes containing culture medium,and their morphology was observed. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot assay were performed to detect the expression levels of various cell markers. Rat primary annulus fibrosus cells and cartilaginous endplate cells were cultured in monolayer or micromass cultures,and Alcian blue and Safranin O staining were used to assess the extracellular matrix expression capability.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 4 days of culture,all three types of intervertebral disc cells began to adhere to the bottom of the dish and gradually showed proliferative vitality. By the 8th day of culture,significant proliferation of the three types of cells was observed,with a spindle-shaped morphology. Notably,the nucleus pulposus cells exhibited multivesicular notochord-like cells. Through real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and/or western blot assay,it was found that primary nucleus pulposus cells highly expressed Cytokeratin 19 (K19) and Carbonic anhydrase 3 (Car3),primary annulus fibrosus cells highly expressed Secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (Sparc) and Biglycan (Bgn),and primary cartilaginous endplate cells highly expressed Parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (Pth1r) and Leucyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (Lars2). After micromass culture of primary annulus fibrosus and cartilaginous endplate cells,Alcian blue and Safranin O staining demonstrated that this culture method could enhance the expression capability of the extracellular matrix compared with monolayer culture. These results indicate that primary intervertebral disc cells extracted and cultured by this method have a good morphology and a high level of extracellular matrix expression. This method holds promise as a research tool to aid researchers in understanding the biology of intervertebral discs.

High partial pressure oxygen is widely used in the treatment of ischemic and hypoxic diseases and in diving.However,chronic inhalation of gas with high oxygen partial pressure can have a toxic effect on the body,that is,oxygen toxicity.The lung is one of the target organs where injury is the most pronounced and direct after exposure to high partial pressure oxygen.This article reviews the research progress in pathogenesis and diagnosis of pulmonary oxygen toxicity in the hope of providing a reference for related prevention and treatment.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of exercise on improving cardiac fibrosis in heart failure,and the role of miR-378 in regulating Cardiac fibrosis by endurance exercise.Method:Twenty-four SD rats were selected and used transverse aortic constriction(TAC)to replicate the rat model of heart failure with cardiac fibrosis.They were randomly divided into the sham group,the TAC group and the exercise group.The exercise group performed swimming endurance exercise for 6 weeks.After train-ing,the rats in each group were analyzed by echocardiography and pathological morphology,and the serum NT-proBNP concentration was detected by ELISA.Western Blot and qPCR were used to detect the expression of α-SMA,Col Ⅰ,Col Ⅲ,TGF-β1,miR-378,TGF-β1 mRNA,Col1a1,and Col3a1 in heart tissue.Result:Compared with the sham group,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular short-axis shortening(LVFS),and output per beat(SV)were significantly decreased(P＜0.05)in TAC group,and there were no significant differences in left ventricular end-diastolic volume(EDV)and left ventricular end-systolic volume(ESV)(P＞0.05),and the serum NT-proBNP concentration was increased significantly(P＜0.01).Patho-logical staining in TAC group showed that cardiomyocytes were obviously edematous and disorganzied,and col-lagen volume fraction(CVF)was significantly increased(P＜0.05);the expression of fibrosis-related factors α-SMA,Col Ⅰ,Col Ⅲ,TGF-β1,TGF-β1 mRNA,Col1a1 and Col3a1 was significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05),and the expression of miR-378 was significantly down-regulated(P＜0.05).Compared with the TAC group,in the Ex group,LVEF,LVFS,SV increased significantly(P＜0.05),LVIDs,ESV decreased significantly(P＜0.01),NT-proBNP concentration decreased(P＜0.05);CVF decreased significantly(P＜0.05).The expressions of Col Ⅰ,Col Ⅲ,Col1a1 and Col3a1 in heart tissues were significantly reduced(P＜0.05),α-SMA was not significantly different,and the expression of miR-378 increased(P＜0.05).The expression of TGF-β1 and mRNA was reduced(P＜0.05).Conclusion:TAC can better replicate the cardiac fibrosis model of pressure-overload heart failure.Endurance exercise can up-regulate miR-378 expression,which can effectively improve the level of cardiac fibrosis,slow down the degree of heart failure,and restore cardiac function.This mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of cardiac fibroblast activation by exercise-regulated miR-378.

Reporting guidelines are structured checklists for researchers to follow when reporting spe-cific types of studies.As researches conducted in real-world settings to address practical issues,implementa-tion research has stringent requirements for the replicability of result and the transparency of reporting,making its reporting guidelines particularly important.This paper systematically introduces the reporting guidelines in the field of implementation science,outlines their classification systems and scopes of applica-tion,and focuses on explaining the core characteristics and functions of five key reporting guidelines,inclu-ding the Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies(StaRI),Reporting guidelines for implementation and operational research,the Template for Intervention Description and Replication(TIDieR),the Frame-work for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced(FRAME),and recommendations for specifying and reporting implementation strategies.Furthermore,combined with the PEDALs research paradigm in im-plementation science,this paper further clarifies the specific application pathways for reporting guidelines and discusses directions for refinement,aiming to provide references for researchers to select appropriate reporting guidelines.