Dry eye disease(DED)is a common ocular surface disorder worldwide, primarily characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and frequently associated with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD), decreased tear film stability, ocular discomfort, and visual impairment. In recent years, factors such as the widespread use of digital devices,the aging population, and environmental changes have contributed to a significant increase in its global prevalence, making it a major public health concern. Red light therapy(RLT), also known as low-level laser therapy(LLLT)or photobiomodulation(PBM), is a non-invasive treatment that utilizes low-energy red or near-infrared light to irradiate tissues. It exerts photobiomodulatory effects to promote cellular repair and functional recovery. This therapy has demonstrated considerable potential in treating various ocular conditions. Its broader clinical application could improve therapeutic outcomes, alleviate patient discomfort and financial burden, and reduce the consumption of healthcare resources, thereby yielding significant socio-economic benefits. This paper systematically reviews the multifaceted mechanisms and application prospects of RLT in managing DED, including its anti-inflammatory effects, improvement of meibomian gland function, promotion of conjunctival goblet cell repair, and alleviation of visual fatigue, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and practical reference for its clinical adoption.

Objective: To explore the longitudinalcausal relationship between college students overall family functioning and their Internet altruistic behaviors, so as to provide ideas for developing mental health education in universities. Methods: By using a convenience sampling method, the Overall Family Functioning Rating Scale and the Internet Altruistic Behaviors Scale were adopted to conduct a twostage followup survey (T1:November 2023, T2:October 2024) among 705 students from seven universities in Jiangsu Province over a period of one year. Repeated measures ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and crosslagged analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: The overall family functioning of college students was relatively stable over time (T1:2.99±0.83; T2:3.01±0.57) [F(1，703)=0.68，P＞0.05]; however, the main effect of gender was statistically significant [boys：T1(2.98±0.78),T2(2.99±0.67)；girls：T1(3.01±0.91),T2(3.01±0.42)；F(1，703)=6.91, P<0.01], with female college students having a higher overall family functioning level than male college students. The Internet altruistic behaviors of college students showed certain dynamic changes (T1:2.86±0.39; T2:3.05±0.46) [F(1，703)=10.19，P＜0.01], and the posttest Internet altruistic behaviors levels of both male and female college students were higher than those of the pretest ;network altruistic behavior was not statistically significant on the sex main effect[boys：T1(2.87±0.44),T2(3.05±0.31)；girls：T1(2.85±0.36),T2(3.06±0.65)；F(1，703)=2.50, P＞0.05]; the interaction between time and gender for Internet altruistic behaviors were statistically significant [F(1，703)=6.64, P<0.01]; the concurrent and lagged correlations between the overall family functioning and Internet altruistic behaviors of college students were all positive (r=0.35-0.57, P<0.01); the pretest overall family functioning could positively predict the posttest Internet altruistic behaviors (β=0.15, P<0.01). Conclusions The overall family functioning of college students is relatively stable, while their Internet altruistic behaviors show certain development and changes. The overall family functioning of college students can directly predict their Internet altruistic behaviors, and there is a certain degree of causal relationship between the two.

BACKGROUND: Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), a rare and recurrent autoinflammatory disease, imposes a substantial burden on patients and society. Awareness of GPP in China remains limited. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey, conducted between September 2021 and May 2023 across 14 hospitals in China, included GPP patients of all ages and disease phases. Data collected encompassed demographics, clinical characteristics, economic impact, disease severity, quality of life, and treatment-related complications. Risk factors for GPP recurrence were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 127 patients (female/male ratio = 1.35:1), the mean age of disease onset was 25 years (1st quartile [Q1]-3rd quartile [Q3]: 11-44 years); 29.2% had experienced GPP for more than 10 years. Recurrence occurred in 75.6% of patients, and nearly half reported no identifiable triggers. Younger age at disease onset ( P  = 0.021) and transitioning to plaque psoriasis ( P  = 0.022) were associated with higher recurrence rates. The median diagnostic delay was 8 months (Q1-Q3: 2-41 months), and 32.3% of patients reported misdiagnoses. Comorbidities were present in 53.5% of patients, whereas 51.1% experienced systemic complications during treatment. Depression and anxiety affected 84.5% and 95.6% of patients, respectively. During GPP flares, the median Dermatology Life Quality Index score was 19.0 (Q1-Q3: 13.0-23.5). This score showed significant differences between patients with and without systemic symptoms; it demonstrated correlations with both depression and anxiety scores. Treatment costs caused financial hardship in 55.9% of patients, underscoring the burden associated with GPP. CONCLUSIONS The substantial disease and economic burdens among Chinese GPP patients warrant increased attention. Patients with early onset disease and those transitioning to plaque psoriasis require targeted interventions to mitigate the high recurrence risk.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Psoriasis/pathology* ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Adolescent ; Child ; Young Adult ; Quality of Life ; Middle Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; East Asian People

Ferroptosis has received great attention as an iron-dependent programmed cell death for efficient cancer therapy. However, with the accumulation of iron in tumor cells, the antioxidant system is activated by reducing glutathione (GSH) with glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which critically limits the ferroptosis therapeutic effect. Herein, an iron and GPX4 silencing siRNA (siGPX4) co-encapsulated ferritin nanocage (HFn@Fe/siGPX4) was developed to enhance ferroptosis by disruption of redox homeostasis and inhibition of antioxidant enzyme synergistically. The siGPX4 were loaded into the nanocages by pre-incubated with iron, which could significantly improve the loading efficiency of the gene drugs when compared with the reported gene drug loading strategy by ferritin nanocages. And more iron was overloaded into the ferritin through the diffusion method. When HFn@Fe/siGPX4 was taken up by human breast cancer cell MCF-7 in a TfR1-mediated pathway, the excess iron ions in the drug delivery system could for one thing induce ferroptosis by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), for another promote siGPX4 escaping from the lysosome to exert gene silencing effect more effectively. Both the in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that HFn@Fe/siGPX4 could significantly inhibit tumor growth by synergistical ferroptosis. Thus, the developed HFn@Fe/siGPX4 afforded a combined ferroptosis strategy for ferroptosis-based antitumor as well as a novel and efficient gene drug delivery system.

Primary pulmonary nuclear protein of the testis (NUT) midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare and highly aggressive thoracic malignancy that poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in clinical practice. This tumor is characterized by its heterogeneous clinical presentations and poor prognosis, often evading accurate initial diagnosis. In this study, we present two cases of primary pulmonary NMC treated with an integrated therapeutic approach combining anti-angiogenic agents, platinum-based chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. This multimodal strategy achieved survival durations of 32 and 13 months, respectively, surpassing the currently reported median survival of advanced NMC. Through a systematic literature review of reported cases, we have summarized the currently used diagnostic methods and treatment modalities for NMC. Our findings suggest that multimodal therapy incorporating anti-angiogenic treatment may offer superior clinical outcomes compared to conventional monotherapy regimens, particularly for patients who are not eligible for surgery. This comprehensive investigation enhances our understanding of NMC management by elucidating diagnostic pitfalls through histopathological correlation and proposing an effective therapeutic combination that demonstrates improved survival outcomes. By providing valuable insights into the diagnosis and treatment of primary pulmonary NMC, we hope to contribute to the development of more effective strategies for managing this rare and aggressive malignancy.
Humans ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Carcinoma/therapy* ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Nuclear Proteins ; Oncogene Proteins ; Neoplasm Proteins

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of letermovir in preventing cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) .Method:From September 2022 to September 2023, retrospective analysis was conducted for the relevant clinical data of 50 recipients of allo-HSCT at First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Hospital. Letermovir prophylaxis was offered for preventing cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation post-transplantation. They were historically compared with previous patients at the same center without letermovir prophylaxis. The incidence of CMV reactivation, overall survival rate, engraftment status and other adverse events within 100 days post-transplant were compared between two groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized for controlling confounding factors. Univariate analyses were performed with t and chi-square tests while survival analysis conducted with Kaplan-Meier method.Result:In letermovir group, CMV reactivation was detected in 3 cases (6%) versus 23 cases (46%) in control group. Letermovir significantly reduced the incidence of post-transplant CMV reactivation ( P<0.01). Within Day 100 post-transplant, there was one death in letermovir group with an overall survival rate of 98%. In control group, three deaths occurred with an overall survival rate of 94%. The median survival time of deceased cases was 64 (58-81) day. No statistically significant inter-group difference existed in overall survival rate ( P=0.617). In letermovir group, secondary implantation failure was observed in 3 cases (6%) and it was lower than 12 cases (24%) in control group. Statistically significant inter-group difference existed in secondary implantation failure rate ( P=0.023). However, regarding timing of neutrophil engraftment ( P=0.054) and platelet engraftment ( P=0.649), there were no significant inter-group statistical differences. Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) occurred in letermovir group (17 cses, 34%) and control group (27cases, 54%). The incidence of HC was significantly lower in letermovir group than that in control group ( P=0.044). However, no statistically significant inter-group difference existed in the incidence of post-transplant EBV infection or acute graft-versus-host disease. Conclusion:Letermovir may significantly lower the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation after allo-HSCT. It is both effective and safe for preventing CMV disease and improving early outcomes.

The integration of ideological and political education into medical courses is an important part of China's medical education reform in the new era.The construction of ideological and political education in clinical research curriculum is of great significance for the cultivation of clinical research talents with both ability and political integrity.Based on the clinical research curriculum offered by the Second Clinical College of Wuhan University,this paper introduced the necessity of ideological and political curriculum in clinical research curriculum.Through the learning situation analysis of the eight-year program students majoring in clinical medicine,the ideological and political teaching objectives were formulated,and the ideological and political elements and cases were selected in combination with the teaching content of clinical research curriculum.Combined with the characteristics of the medical professional methodology course,the diversified,innovative student-centered teaching methods were designed integrating the theoretical teaching,flipped classroom,scenario simulation teaching,problem-based learning,case-based learning and team based learning,and added the consideration of moral education dimension in the teaching evaluation,to carry out the ideological and political teaching design of clinical research curriculum.These measures promoted the organic integration of knowledge teaching,ability training and value building,and provided reference for the ideological and political education in clinical research curriculum.

As a new generation of molecular diagnostic tools emerged in recent years,the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated(CRISPR-Cas)systems have been widely used in gene editing,nucleic acid detection,and other fields.Due to its high specificity,high sensitivity,without expensive equipment,simple operation,and inexpensive characteristics in nucleic acid detection,the Cas13a subtype has shown great potential in the field of pathogen detection.This article reviews the mechanism of action of CRISPR-Cas13a,its application in pathogen detection,and related detection methods,and looks forward to the application prospects of Cas13a.To facilitate future investigations on the CRISPR-Cas13a systems and their potential in pathogen detection,this study aims to offer inspiration and serve as a valuable reference.