Dry eye disease(DED)is a common ocular surface disorder worldwide, primarily characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and frequently associated with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD), decreased tear film stability, ocular discomfort, and visual impairment. In recent years, factors such as the widespread use of digital devices,the aging population, and environmental changes have contributed to a significant increase in its global prevalence, making it a major public health concern. Red light therapy(RLT), also known as low-level laser therapy(LLLT)or photobiomodulation(PBM), is a non-invasive treatment that utilizes low-energy red or near-infrared light to irradiate tissues. It exerts photobiomodulatory effects to promote cellular repair and functional recovery. This therapy has demonstrated considerable potential in treating various ocular conditions. Its broader clinical application could improve therapeutic outcomes, alleviate patient discomfort and financial burden, and reduce the consumption of healthcare resources, thereby yielding significant socio-economic benefits. This paper systematically reviews the multifaceted mechanisms and application prospects of RLT in managing DED, including its anti-inflammatory effects, improvement of meibomian gland function, promotion of conjunctival goblet cell repair, and alleviation of visual fatigue, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and practical reference for its clinical adoption.

[Objective] To establish a cryopreservation protocol for small-volume (≤1 mL) red blood cells (RBCs) and to evaluate the reactivity and stability of blood group antigens after cryopreservation, so as to explore its potential application in immunohematology reference laboratories. [Methods] Small-volume RBCs were cryopreserved for 120 days, followed by thawing and deglycerolization to restore the RBC components. The quality of the RBCs was assessed. Serum antibodies were serially diluted and reacted with RBCs before and after cryopreservation, and agglutination scores were recorded to quantitatively evaluate the reactivity and stability of blood group antigens such as Rh, Duffy, Lewis, Kidd, M, and H. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the percentage and mean fluorescence intensity of ABO antigen expression on RBCs before and after cryopreservation to assess the usability of cryopreserved RBCs in flow immunophenotyping and blood group subtype studies. [Results] The hemolysis rate of thawed and deglycerolized RBCs was (0.27±0.10)%, with a supernatant free hemoglobin level of (0.52±0.14) g/L, and the RBC recovery rate was (69.12±7.91)%. The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was negative for all thawed RBCs. There was no difference in the reactivity of blood group antigens before and after cryopreservation, and no difference in the percentage and mean fluorescence intensity of A and B antigen expression on RBCs before and after cryopreservation. [Conclusion] The small-volume RBC cryopreservation protocol can be applied to immunohematology analysis in reference laboratories and is expected to be widely used in blood group identification, antibody screening, identification, and blood group-related research.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of hip arthroscopy in the treatment of patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome combined with ligamentum teres injury. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 23 patients (23 hips) with Cam-type FAI syndrome combined with ligamentum teres injury who met the selection criteria between April 2022 and May 2024. The cohort included 12 males and 11 females, with a mean age of 29.16 years (range, 16-57 years). According to Tönnis classification, there were 5 cases of grade 0, 10 cases of grade Ⅰ, and 8 cases of grade Ⅱ in hip osteoarthritis. The disease duration ranged from 6 to 24 months, with an average of 12 months. Under hip arthroscopy, hypertrophic synovium and the damaged ligamentum teres were debrided, while the torn labrum and cartilage were repaired, and femoral head-neck osteoplasty was performed to eliminate impingement, restore the normal morphology of the acetabulum and femoral head-neck, and suture the joint capsule. Acetabular lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) and α angle (reflecting the degree of non-sphericity at the femoral head-neck junction) were measured before and after operation, and the modified Harris hip score (mHHS), the International Hip Outcome Tool-12 (IHOT-12), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain were evaluated. RESULTS: The operation was successfully completed in all patients. The incisions healed by first intention after operation, and there was no perioperative complications such as iatrogenic cartilage injury, fracture, infection, neurovascular traction injury, or lower extremity venous thrombosis. All the 23 patients were followed up 12-24 months, with an average of 14.6 months. The pain of hip joint significantly relieved, and the function of hip joint improved; no complication such as joint stiffness, joint instability, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head occurred. The α angle, VAS score, mHHS score, and IHOT-12 score at last follow-up were significantly better than those before operation ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference in LCEA compared to preoperative value ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION Hip arthroscopy is a safe and effective treatment for patients with FAI syndrome combined with ligamentum teres injury, which can achieve satisfactory effectiveness.
Humans ; Femoracetabular Impingement/complications* ; Arthroscopy/methods* ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult ; Hip Joint/surgery* ; Acetabulum/surgery* ; Round Ligaments/surgery* ; Range of Motion, Articular

Objective To analyze the efficacy and adverse reactions of donepezil in the treatment of patients with a continuous disease spectrum of Alzheimer's disease(AD)with pharmacogenomics.Methods Seventy-two patients who took donepezil therapy at the time of initial molecular pa-thology diagnosis of AD continuous disease spectrum in Chinese PLA General Hospital from Jan-uary 2022 to January 2023 were recruited.Cells from the oral buccal mucosa were collected,and MassARRAY nucleic acid mass spectrometry was applied to detect the genotypes of CYP2D6,the gene encoding cytochrome P450 2D6 enzyme,and CHAT,the gene encoding acetylcholine trans-ferase.After 9 months of follow-up,drug efficacy was indirectly determined by neurological func-tion scales,caregiver evaluations,and drug prescribing behaviors,and thus,the 50 patients on donepezil alone were divide into effective group(n=28)and ineffective group(n=22).Seventy-two patients were divided into adverse reaction group(n=12)and no adverse reaction group(n=60).Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between donepezil efficacy and pharmacogenomics.Results The frequencies of CHAT rs3793790 locus carrying G allele and rs2177370 locus carrying A allele were significantly higher in the effective group than the ineffective group(35.71％vs 9.09％,P=0.029;42.86％vs 9.09％,P=0.008).Multivariate lo-gistic regression analysis showed that donepezil was more effective in those who carrying rs3793790 G allele and/or rs2177370 A allele in the CHAT gene than those who carrying neither of the alleles(95％CI:1.20-34.47,P=0.030).There were no statistical differences in the CYP2D6 gene-adjusted activity score and whether or not carrying*10 between the patients with and without adverse reactions(P＞0.0 5).Conclusion In patients with a continuous spectrum of AD,donepezil efficacy is associated with CHAT gene polymorphisms,but there is no correlation between donepezil adverse reactions and CYP2D6 genotype.

ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of occupational hand-arm vibration disease (OHAVD) caused by handheld workpiece polishing. Methods A total of 222 OHAVD patients (case group), 275 hand-transmitted vibration-exposed workers (exposed group) and 243 healthy workers without hand-transmitted vibration exposure (control group) in a sports equipment manufacturing enterprise were selected as the study subjects using the convenience sampling method. Worksite survey of occupational health was conducted on these three groups, and the human vibration measurement equipment was used to measure the vibration exposure level of handheld vibration among the study subjects. The 8-hour energy equivalent frequency-weighted vibrating acceleration ［A(8)］ and cumulative vibration exposure level (CVEL) were calculated. Results The prevalence of coldness, numbness, tingling fingers, and vibration-induced white finger was higher in the exposed group and the case group compared with the control group (all P<0.05). The prevalence of the above-mentioned hand symptoms was higher in the case group compared with the exposed group (all P<0.05). The A(8) and CVEL levels of the study subjects in the case group were higher than those in the exposed group (all P<0.05). Binary logistic analysis result showed that age and CVEL were both influencing factors of OHAVD (all P<0.05). According to the restricted cubic spline models, CVEL of the study subjects in the exposed group had a positive nonlinear dose-response relationship with the risk of OHAVD (overall trend P<0.01, nonlinear P<0.01), indicating an increasing risk of OHAVD with increasing CVEL. Conclusion Hand-transmitted vibration exposure is a risk factor for OHAVD. Early intervention should be carried out for hand-transmitted vibration-exposed individuals to reduce vibration-exposed levels and control vibration exposure time.

AIM:To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying ferroptosis induced by celastrol(Cel)in huamn pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1.METHODS:The viability of PANC-1 cells was analyzed by MTT assay,and the effects of Cel on cell proliferation were analyzed using EdU and colony formation assays.Flow cytometry and fluores-cence microscopy were used to assess and observe changes in lipid reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,respectively,while the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH)and Fe2+were measured using specific kits.The protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)was evaluated by Western blot,and GPX4 ubiquitination was measured by immunoprecipitation.RESULTS:It was found that the viability,proliferation and colony formation in PANC-1 cells de-creased gradually as the concentration of Cel increased.Addition of Cel alone to the cells reduced both cell rounding and viability,while treatment with ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)alone or in combination with Cel had no effect on either cell morpholo-gy or viability.Fluorescence staining of lipid ROS with BODIPYTM 581/591 C11 followed by flow cytometry analysis showed significantly increased levels of green fluorescence indicative of oxidized lipid ROS,which were further increased after treatment of the cells with Cel.Treatment of the cells with both Cel and Fer-1 reduced the green fluorescence and lip-id ROS levels.Treatment with Cel also increased the levels of MDA and Fe2+,relative to the controls,which reducing the levels of GSH,while addition of both Cel and Fer-1 to the cells restored the levels of MDA,Fe2+,and GSH to those of the control group.CONCLUSION:Treatment with Cel reduces the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells by inducing fer-roptosis through promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of GPX4.

Objective:To summarize the current research status, assessment tools, and influencing factors of fatigue in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and provide a reference for the management of fatigue in this patient population.Methods:A literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Embase, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, and China Biology Medicine disc for studies related to fatigue in patients receiving MHD. The search timeframe was from establishing the databases to January 23, 2024.Results:A total of 46 studies were included. Various assessment tools for fatigue in patients receiving MHD were identified, though specific tools were limited. The Short Form 36 Vitality Subscale (SF-36 VS) was the most commonly used assessment tool. The main factors influencing fatigue in these patients included sociodemographic, dialysis-related, disease-related, physical, nutritional, and psychological factors.Conclusions:Fatigue is a significant symptom in patients receiving MHD. Healthcare professionals must develop specific tools for accurately assessing fatigue in this population and explore standardized management plans.

With the rapid development of industry and economy,the emergence of a large number of chemicals has made of risk management more difficult.Traditional risk assessment relies on animal experiments for toxicity testing.However,animal experiments are time-consuming,costly,and unable to meet the practical needs of risk assessment.The increasing maturity of toxicity testing alternative technologies signifies the possibility of rapid,sensitive,and accurate identification of chemical toxicity.This article focuses on the research and applications of alternative toxicity testing by reviewing the background,developments,and current research at home and abroad.It also discusses the progress in alternative testing methods in such areas as cosmetics and food safety risk assessment and explores the problems with the development of alternative testing technologies and risk assessment in China.This review aims to provide a reference for the system construction of cosmetics health risk assess-ment in China.