Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide， and tumor metastasis is a key factor contributing to the mortality of most lung cancer patients. Aberrant activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） is a major driver of lung cancer progression and metastasis. EMT is characterized by the loss of apical-basal polarity and intercellular adhesion in highly differentiated， polarized， and organized epithelial cells， which acquire motility， migratory potential， and invasive properties. During this process， cells undergo cytoskeletal remodeling and transform into a mesenchymal phenotype， accompanied by associated changes in cellular markers. The EMT process is highly complex and is tightly regulated by intricate networks involving multiple transcription factors， post-translational controls， epigenetic modifications， and non-coding RNAs. Therefore， therapies targeting the mechanisms of malignant transformation and their associated pathways in lung cancer are of significant clinical importance. In recent years， EMT has attracted increasing attention as a potential target for cancer therapy. Chinese medicine， with its characteristics of multi-target action， low side effects， and good therapeutic efficacy， has demonstrated an important role in anticancer treatment. A series of studies have investigated the role of Chinese medicine in inhibiting EMT in lung cancer. Active ingredients of Chinese medicine， including flavonoids， glycosides， phenols， terpenoids， saccharides， and alkaloids， as well as Chinese medicine compound formulas， have shown significant regulatory effects on EMT. Their mechanisms mainly involve multiple pathways， targets， and links， including signaling pathways， exosomes， microRNAs （miRNAs）， and the tumor-associated immune microenvironment. This article summarizes the mechanisms by which EMT promotes malignant tumor progression and reviews the current research on how Chinese medicine active ingredients， monomers， and compound formulas inhibit EMT and suppress lung cancer cell migration and invasion. This study is expected to provide comprehensive theoretical information for basic and translational research on lung cancer.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of phases on the pharmacokinetic behavior of seven components from Banxia Xiexintang（BXT） in normal rats by investigating and comparing their pharmacokinetic profiles in different phase samples. MethodsThe phase separation of BXT was carried out by centrifugation-dialysis method， and three phase samples were obtained， including the precipitated phase（PP）， colloidal phase（CP） and true solution phase（TP）. A total of 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into BXT， PP， CP and TP groups（n=6）. The BXT group was gavaged at a dose of 24.1 g·kg^-1（calculated by the dosage of raw materials）. After proper treatments， PP， CP and TP groups were administrated at the same dose as that of BXT group， respectively. Blood was collected from each group at set time points after gavage of BXT and the phase samples. The contents of 7 components（baicalin， wogonoside， wogonin， berberine， palmatine， ammonium glycyrrhizinate and isoliquiritin） in rat plasma were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS）， and the pharmacokinetic parameters of each component were analyzed by DAS 2.0. ResultsThe peak concentration of baicalin was the highest among the blood-entered components in each group， followed by wogonoside. The results of the concentration-time curves and pharmacokinetic parameters of the 7 components showed that the area under the concentration-time curve（AUC） of isoliquiritin in the BXT group was the highest， followed by that in the CP group. AUC values of baicalin， wogonoside， wogonin and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in the BXT group were similar to those of the CP group， and AUC of palmatine in the BXT group was similar to that of the PP group. The elimination half-life（t_1/2） values of baicalin and wogonoside in the BXT group was the longest， the t_1/2 values of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and berberine were similar to those of the CP group， and the t_1/2 of palmatine was similar to that of the PP group. The t_1/2 of wogonin was the longest in the PP group， and the t_1/2 of isoliquiritin was the longest in the TP group was the longest， which was similar to that in the PP group. Except for isoliquiritin， the other 6 components showed double peaks in the concentration-time curve of the PP group， indicating that the above components might be reabsorbed through the enterohepatic circulation in vivo， which resulted in the maintenance of high plasma concentrations for a long time， and consequently exhibited sustained-release properties. ConclusionThe pharmacokinetic characteristics of the components in different phases were different， and the CP phase may be the effective phase from the perspective of the pharmacological action of BXT. Compared with the BXT group， the in vivo action times of some components in the CP and PP groups were prolonged. The study explores the phase differences of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） compound decoction in the aspect of pharmacokinetics， and verifies that the phase states from TCM compound decoction will affect the pharmacokinetic behaviors of the active components， which may consequently lead to the difference in in vivo effects.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of phases on the pharmacokinetic behavior of seven components from Banxia Xiexintang（BXT） in normal rats by investigating and comparing their pharmacokinetic profiles in different phase samples. MethodsThe phase separation of BXT was carried out by centrifugation-dialysis method， and three phase samples were obtained， including the precipitated phase（PP）， colloidal phase（CP） and true solution phase（TP）. A total of 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into BXT， PP， CP and TP groups（n=6）. The BXT group was gavaged at a dose of 24.1 g·kg^-1（calculated by the dosage of raw materials）. After proper treatments， PP， CP and TP groups were administrated at the same dose as that of BXT group， respectively. Blood was collected from each group at set time points after gavage of BXT and the phase samples. The contents of 7 components（baicalin， wogonoside， wogonin， berberine， palmatine， ammonium glycyrrhizinate and isoliquiritin） in rat plasma were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS）， and the pharmacokinetic parameters of each component were analyzed by DAS 2.0. ResultsThe peak concentration of baicalin was the highest among the blood-entered components in each group， followed by wogonoside. The results of the concentration-time curves and pharmacokinetic parameters of the 7 components showed that the area under the concentration-time curve（AUC） of isoliquiritin in the BXT group was the highest， followed by that in the CP group. AUC values of baicalin， wogonoside， wogonin and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in the BXT group were similar to those of the CP group， and AUC of palmatine in the BXT group was similar to that of the PP group. The elimination half-life（t_1/2） values of baicalin and wogonoside in the BXT group was the longest， the t_1/2 values of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and berberine were similar to those of the CP group， and the t_1/2 of palmatine was similar to that of the PP group. The t_1/2 of wogonin was the longest in the PP group， and the t_1/2 of isoliquiritin was the longest in the TP group was the longest， which was similar to that in the PP group. Except for isoliquiritin， the other 6 components showed double peaks in the concentration-time curve of the PP group， indicating that the above components might be reabsorbed through the enterohepatic circulation in vivo， which resulted in the maintenance of high plasma concentrations for a long time， and consequently exhibited sustained-release properties. ConclusionThe pharmacokinetic characteristics of the components in different phases were different， and the CP phase may be the effective phase from the perspective of the pharmacological action of BXT. Compared with the BXT group， the in vivo action times of some components in the CP and PP groups were prolonged. The study explores the phase differences of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） compound decoction in the aspect of pharmacokinetics， and verifies that the phase states from TCM compound decoction will affect the pharmacokinetic behaviors of the active components， which may consequently lead to the difference in in vivo effects.

Hot melt extrusion(HME)technology employs thermodynamic and kinetic principles to mix pharmaceutical polymers with crystalline drugs at high temperatures and extrude them,embedding drug molecules within the polymer matrix to form solid dispersions.Due to its solvent-free nature,capability for one-step processing,and support for continuous operation,HME has garnered significant attention in the pharmaceutical industry in recent years.This article introduced the basic principles and development history of HME technology and its marketed drugs.It reviewed the research progress of HME technology in improving drug solubility,masking taste,controlled release,targeted release,oral dispersible films,implant formulations,semi-solid formulations,and 3D printed formulations.Additionally,the article summarized the advantages and limitations of HME technology and provided an outlook on its future development.

As the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in the perioperative treatment of melanoma is increasingly introduced at earlier stages,it presents a critical opportunity for the development and clinical translation of neoadjuvant therapy.The results of phaseⅠ/Ⅱ clinical trials on neoadjuvant ICI therapy for melanoma demonstrate that neoadjuvant ICIs effectively improve the pathologic re-sponse rate in melanoma patients.Recent studies have shown that combining ICIs with other treatment modalities,including radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and targeted therapies,can enhance antitumor efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment for patients with melanoma.Optimizing treatment regimens,managing adverse events,identifying and addressing pseudoprogression,and handling cases of oligoprogression have become key areas of research in incorporating ICI regimens into neoadjuvant treatment for patients with melanoma.The search for bio-markers to monitor immunotherapy efficacy is expected to become a major focus of future research.This article provides a review of the re-search progress,controversies,and challenges in the application of ICIs in the neoadjuvant treatment of melanoma,and discusses future re-search directions,aiming to offer insights into the clinical application and development of ICIs in melanoma neoadjuvant therapy.

Objective Through visual analysis of literatures related to the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN),the research hotspots and trends in this field were discussed.Methods Relevant literatures from CNKI,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed from 2010 to 2024 were retrieved,and analyzed using CiteSpace 6.2.R4 software.Results A total of 8887 articles in Chinese and 117 articles in English were included.The countries,institutions and authors who published most were China,the Affiliated Hospital for Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Wang Yiping.The research hotspots mainly focued on therapeutic drugs and clinical efficacy,and the research trend tended to be the treatment mechanism.Conclusion To further strengthen collaboration among different countries,institutions and authors,and to delve deeper into the mechanistic studies of CGN,will effectively promote the research progress in this field.

[Purpose]To analyze the epidemiology and disease burden of gastric cancer in China,Japan and Republic of Korea from 1990 to 2021 and to predict changing trends from 2022 to 2031.[Methods]Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)database.Age-stan-dardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),crude incidence rate(CIR),crude mortality rate(CMR),and disability-adjusted life years(DALY)rate for China,Japan and Republic of Korea from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed.Joinpoint regression software was used to analyze trends and calculate annual percentage changes.The autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model was applied to predict incidence and mortality from 2022 to 2031.[Results]In 2021,China had 611 799 new gastric cancer cases and 445 013 deaths,with an ASIR of 29.05/105 and an ASMR of 21.51/105,both significantly higher than those in Japan and Republic of Korea.Among men in China,both the ASIR(44.48/105)and ASMR(32.61/105)were the highest among the three countries,exceeding those in Japan(38.77/105,20.26/105)and Re-public of Korea(38.98/105,20.50/105).Among women,China had the highest number of new cases,but its ASIR(15.23/105)was slightly lower than Republic of Korea's(15.57/105)and higher than Japan's(14.66/105).However,China's ASMR among women(12.02/105)remained significantly higher than Japan's(7.64/105)and Republic of Korea's(8.08/105).From 1990 to 2021,ASIR,ASMR and DALY rates for gastric cancer declined in all three countries,but the reduction in China was significantly smaller than that in Japan and Republic of Korea,with Republic of Korea showing the steepest declines across all indicators.ARIMA model predictions indicated significant differences in disease burden among the three countries from 2022 to 2031.ASIR is projected to continue declining in China and Republic of Korea,reaching 22.87/105 and 12.45/105,respectively by 2031,while in Japan it is predicted to rise to 26.55/105.ASMR is projected to decline in all three countries,reaching 13.71/105(China),10.44/105(Japan),and 9.08/105(Republic of Korea)in 2031.[Conclusion]Among China,Japan and Republic of Korea,China had the highest ASIR and ASMR of gastric cancer in 2021.Moreover,from 1990 to 2021,the reductions in ASIR,ASMR and DALY rates for gastric cancer were the smallest in China compared to Japan and Republic of Korea.These findings suggest that the disease burden of gastric cancer remains substantial in China,high-lighting the need for increased efforts in gastric cancer screening and early diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the status quo of work performance appraisal,sense of salary fairness and salary satisfaction of traditional Chinese Medical(TCM)doctors,and to explore the effect of performance appraisal on salary satisfaction and the mediating effect ofsense of salary fairness between them.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 412 TCM doctors selected from 1 1 public hospitals of different categories and grades in Zhejiang Province.Descriptive analysis,analysis of variance and structural equation model were used to analyze the data.Results The scores of Chinese Medicine characteristics(3.41),sense of salary fairness(3.15)and salary satisfaction(3.07)in the work performance appraisal of TCM doctors were between average(3)and better(4).The work performance appraisal of TCMdoctors had a positive effect on pay equity(β=0.714,P＜0.001),the sense of salary fairness of TCM doctors completely mediated(β=0.618,P＜0.001)the effect of TCM characteristics on salary satisfaction(β=0.084,P＞0.05).Conclusion It is suggested that the performance appraisal of TCM doctors should be improved and a fair and reasonable performance salary system should be established,and then enhance their salary satisfaction.

Objective To analyze the clinical research literature of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)failure,and summarize the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes and syndrome elements,so as to provide theoretical basis for TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of IVF-ET failure.Methods Using"in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer""IVF-ET"and"embryo transfer failure"as search terms,the literature related to TCM that had appeared in CNKI and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform were searched since these database was constructed.After excluding irrelevant literature,statistical analysis was performed on the frequency and frequency of symptoms and signs.Results Kidney Yang deficiency,kidney deficiency,blood stasis,kidney Yin deficiency and liver qi stagnation were the common syndroms of failure.The disease location with high frequency of syndrome elements was kidney,and the disease was blood stasis.Conclusion Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome is the most common type of failure,and TCM disease location syndrome is the most common in kidney.The disease deficiency is mostly Yang deficiency,and the excess is mostly blood stasis.

Objectives:This study aims to explore the relationship between the pericoronary fat attenuation index(FAI)and triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index and atrial fibrillation recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA)in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF).Methods:This retrospective study enrolled consecutive AF patients who underwent their first successful RFCA at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from 2019 to 2023.Pericoronary FAI was quantitatively measured,and the TyG index was calculated.Patients were divided into three groups according to the TyG index quartile:T1 group(TyG index<8.45,n=114);T2 group(8.45≤TyG index≤8.93,n=114);T3 group(TyG index>8.93,n=120).Linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between the TyG index and proximal FAI of three coronary arteries.Logistic regression was employed to explore the correlation between pericoronary FAI,TyG index,and AF recurrence post-RFCA,restrictive cubic splines(RCS)were plotted.Additive interaction and mediation analyses were used to explore the role of pericoronary FAI in the relationship between the TyG index and post-RFCA AF recurrence.Subgroup analysis was performed to explore the predictive value of the TyG index for postoperative recurrence in different patient subgroups.Results:A total of 348 patients were included.After adjusting for confounding factors using linear regression analysis,each unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 5.389 HU increase in left circumfleex artery(LCX-FAI)(95%CI:3.874-6.904,P<0.001).During one-year follow-up,90 cases(25.86%)experienced AF recurrence.RCS analysis indicated that there was no significant nonlinear relationship between LCX-FAI,TyG index,and AF recurrence after RFCA(Pnon-linear=0.378,Pnon-linear=0.469).The recurrence rate of AF in patients with TyG index>9.08 and LCX-FAI>-83.65 HU was about 57.737 times higher than those with TyG index≤9.08 and LCX-FAI≤-83.65 HU(OR=57.737,95%CI:23.755-155.656,P<0.001).There was an additive interaction between the TyG index and LCX-FAI:relative excess risk due to interaction(RERI)was 50.901(95%CI:0.215-101.587),attributable proportion due to interaction(AP)was 0.882(95%CI:0.769-0.994),and the synergy index(S)was 9.713(95%CI:3.380-27.910).Mediation analysis indicated that LCX-FAI mediated 22%of the relationship between the TyG index and AF recurrence.Subgroup analysis revealed no multiplicative interaction between the type of atrial fibrillation and the TyG index in terms of AF recurrence risk(Pinteraction=0.562).Conclusions:In patients with atrial fibrillation,the TyG index is positively correlated with LCX-FAI,patients with TyG index>9.08 and LCX-FAI>-83.65 HU have significantly increased risk of AF recurrence after RFCA.LCX-FAI partially mediates the relationship between the TyG index and post-RFCA recurrence.Furthermore,the TyG index can effectively predict AF recurrence in both persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients.