ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Qiju Dihuang Wan on diabetic retinopathy （DR） and its regulatory mechanism on the NOD-like receptor protein 3/Cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1/Gasdermin D （NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD） signaling pathway. MethodsHuman retinal microvascular endothelial cells （HRMEC） were divided into the blank group， model group， and Qiju Dihuang Wan low- and high-dose groups. Except for the blank group， all groups were induced with 40 mmol·L^-1 high glucose， and the treatment groups were supplemented with 6% and 12% Qiju Dihuang Wan-containing serum， respectively， based on the induction. After 24 h of culture， the levels of interleukin （IL）-1β and IL-18 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， pyroptosis-related protein expression was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot， and the mRNA levels of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway-related molecules were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The mice were randomly divided into the blank group， model group， Qiju Dihuang Wan low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （11， 22， 44 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and calcium dobesilate group （0.13 g·kg^-1·d^-1）. Except for the blank group， all groups were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin to establish the DR model. After successful modeling， the treatment groups received corresponding doses of Qiju Dihuang Wan crude drug or calcium dobesilate suspension by gavage once daily， while the blank group and model group received an equal volume of normal saline， for 8 consecutive weeks. Fundus changes were examined by optical coherence tomography， optical coherence tomography angiography， and fundus fluorescein angiography. Retinal pathological morphology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of NLRP3， Caspase‑1， GSDMD， IL‑1β， and IL‑18 in retinal tissue， and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of NLRP3， ASC， cleaved Caspase‑1， and GSDMD‑N. ResultsCell experiments showed that compared with the blank group， the model group showed significantly decreased HRMEC viability （P<0.01）， and significantly increased levels of IL-1β， IL-18， as well as increased protein expression of NLRP3， cleaved Caspase-1， and GSDMD-N （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the above indicators were significantly reduced in the high-dose Qiju Dihuang Wan groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Animal experiments showed that compared with the blank group， the model group had elevated blood glucose （P<0.01）， decreased retinal thickness and vascular density （P<0.01）， up‑regulated mRNA expression of NLRP3， Caspase‑1， GSDMD， IL‑1β and IL‑18 in retinal tissue （P<0.01）， and up‑regulated protein expression of NLRP3， ASC， cleaved Caspase‑1 and GSDMD‑N （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Qiju Dihuang Wan medium- and high‑dose groups showed decreased blood glucose （P<0.01）， increased retinal thickness and vascular density （P<0.01）， alleviated retinal pathological damage， and down‑regulated mRNA expression of NLRP3， Caspase‑1， GSDMD， IL‑1β， IL‑18， as well as protein expression of NLRP3， ASC， cleaved Caspase‑1， and GSDMD‑N （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionQiju Dihuang Wan may exert protective effects against diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway and alleviating high glucose-induced retinal pyroptosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Qiju Dihuang Wan on diabetic retinopathy （DR） and its regulatory mechanism on the NOD-like receptor protein 3/Cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1/Gasdermin D （NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD） signaling pathway. MethodsHuman retinal microvascular endothelial cells （HRMEC） were divided into the blank group， model group， and Qiju Dihuang Wan low- and high-dose groups. Except for the blank group， all groups were induced with 40 mmol·L^-1 high glucose， and the treatment groups were supplemented with 6% and 12% Qiju Dihuang Wan-containing serum， respectively， based on the induction. After 24 h of culture， the levels of interleukin （IL）-1β and IL-18 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， pyroptosis-related protein expression was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot， and the mRNA levels of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway-related molecules were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The mice were randomly divided into the blank group， model group， Qiju Dihuang Wan low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （11， 22， 44 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and calcium dobesilate group （0.13 g·kg^-1·d^-1）. Except for the blank group， all groups were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin to establish the DR model. After successful modeling， the treatment groups received corresponding doses of Qiju Dihuang Wan crude drug or calcium dobesilate suspension by gavage once daily， while the blank group and model group received an equal volume of normal saline， for 8 consecutive weeks. Fundus changes were examined by optical coherence tomography， optical coherence tomography angiography， and fundus fluorescein angiography. Retinal pathological morphology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of NLRP3， Caspase‑1， GSDMD， IL‑1β， and IL‑18 in retinal tissue， and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of NLRP3， ASC， cleaved Caspase‑1， and GSDMD‑N. ResultsCell experiments showed that compared with the blank group， the model group showed significantly decreased HRMEC viability （P<0.01）， and significantly increased levels of IL-1β， IL-18， as well as increased protein expression of NLRP3， cleaved Caspase-1， and GSDMD-N （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the above indicators were significantly reduced in the high-dose Qiju Dihuang Wan groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Animal experiments showed that compared with the blank group， the model group had elevated blood glucose （P<0.01）， decreased retinal thickness and vascular density （P<0.01）， up‑regulated mRNA expression of NLRP3， Caspase‑1， GSDMD， IL‑1β and IL‑18 in retinal tissue （P<0.01）， and up‑regulated protein expression of NLRP3， ASC， cleaved Caspase‑1 and GSDMD‑N （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Qiju Dihuang Wan medium- and high‑dose groups showed decreased blood glucose （P<0.01）， increased retinal thickness and vascular density （P<0.01）， alleviated retinal pathological damage， and down‑regulated mRNA expression of NLRP3， Caspase‑1， GSDMD， IL‑1β， IL‑18， as well as protein expression of NLRP3， ASC， cleaved Caspase‑1， and GSDMD‑N （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionQiju Dihuang Wan may exert protective effects against diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway and alleviating high glucose-induced retinal pyroptosis.

Objective:To investigate the differences in hippocampal subfield volumes and structural covariance network properties among patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) exhibiting different cognitive outcomes and normal controls (NCs), and to further evaluate the predictive value of these imaging indicators for cognitive deterioration in MCI patients.Methods:A total of 43 NCs, 65 stable MCI (sMCI), and 26 progressive MCI (pMCI) patients enrolled in the Alzheimer′s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database between December 2012 and May 2016 were included in this study. Baseline demographic information and T 1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected. Hippocampal subfield volumes were extracted using freesurfer software, and structural covariance networks of hippocampal subfields were constructed. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to compare hippocampal subfield volumes among the 3 groups. A general linear model was applied to examine group differences in hippocampal subfield structural covariance network properties. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Logistic regression was employed to identify imaging predictors associated with conversion to Alzheimer′s disease (AD), based on which structural, network-based, and combined predictive models were constructed. Model discrimination was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC); internal validation was performed using Bootstrap resampling; model calibration was assessed with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test; and clinical utility was evaluated through decision curve analysis. Results:Significant differences in hippocampal subfield volumes (mm3) were observed among the 3 groups (all P<0.05, Bonferroni-corrected). Specifically, left parasubiculum (65.58±13.30, 61.96±17.56, 49.56±11.82, F=9.900), right parasubiculum (65.92±15.21, 59.45±16.65, 47.69±15.48, F=11.612), left presubiculum (277.09±39.85, 258.15±44.86, 224.05±45.05, F=14.513), right presubiculum (262.85±40.43, 247.41±43.27, 209.97±46.11, F=14.500), left subiculum (399.66±32.19, 374.25±55.83, 306.12±51.62, F=32.923), right subiculum (417.93±48.92, 376.59±51.01, 316.82±70.22, F=28.764), left cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) (592.10±83.87, 561.96±94.72, 490.06±86.89, F=13.352), right CA1 (632.15±100.09, 601.24±88.88, 531.05±110.29, F=10.579), left CA3 (191.58±30.08, 180.47±34.66, 155.08±37.82, F=12.182), right CA3 (210.42±28.92, 203.84±34.80, 176.69±41.47, F=9.597), left CA4 (224.61±28.94, 210.49±35.04, 183.98±36.89, F=16.521), right CA4 (238.49±28.14, 227.43±30.65, 200.23±42.74, F=13.702), left granule cell-molecular layer-dentate gyrus (GC-ML-DG) (259.96±36.76, 239.42±41.17, 207.61±41.84, F=19.831), right GC-ML-DG (273.98±35.12, 258.79±36.82, 227.81±49.07, F=14.204), left molecular layer (505.62±66.16, 468.58±75.17, 402.68±75.47, F=22.293), right molecular layer (527.39±72.39, 493.14±70.39, 423.81±88.09, F=19.588), left hippocampal amygdala transition area (HATA) (54.91±9.99, 49.52±9.93, 43.27±9.59, F=13.571), right HATA (58.43±9.83, 54.55±10.80, 47.12±12.54, F=10.037), left fimbria (69.94±25.04, 56.63±23.74, 40.58±19.83, F=14.846), right fimbria (68.61±26.24, 53.95±23.16, 45.25±17.04, F=10.424), left hippocampal tail (488.37±83.44, 463.54±80.33, 393.83±77.73, F=13.570), and right hippocampal tail (519.78±80.22, 498.84±81.68, 419.75±93.29, F=14.339) all showed significant group differences. Significant group differences were also observed in small-worldness metric γ (0.51±0.10, 0.51±0.08, 0.62±0.14, F=9.317), small-worldness metric λ (0.39±0.02, 0.39±0.02, 0.43±0.04, F=9.925), global efficiency (0.19±0.01, 0.20±0.01, 0.18±0.01, F=3.189), local efficiency (0.26±0.02, 0.26±0.01, 0.27±0.01, F=3.068), clustering coefficient (0.23±0.01, 0.23±0.01, 0.24±0.02, F=4.274), and characteristic path length (0.73±0.06, 0.72±0.06, 0.76±0.07, F=4.477) of the hippocampal subfield structural covariance network (all P<0.05). Specifically, the pMCI group exhibited higher γ ( t=3.773, P<0.001), λ ( t=4.060, P<0.001), local efficiency ( t=2.445, P=0.047), and clustering coefficient ( t=2.849, P=0.015) than the NCs group, and higher γ ( t=4.074, P<0.001), λ ( t=4.068, P<0.001), and characteristic path length ( t=2.986, P=0.010) but lower global efficiency ( t=-2.444, P=0.047) than the sMCI group. The AUC of the structural, network, and combined models based on LASSO-Logistic regression was 0.837, 0.861, and 0.899, respectively. After internal validation, the corrected AUC was 0.835, 0.855, and 0.889, respectively. All models demonstrated good calibration ( P>0.05), and decision curve analysis indicated favorable clinical net benefit across models. Conclusions:Both sMCI and pMCI patients exhibit widespread hippocampal subfield atrophy and altered global properties of hippocampal subfield structural covariance networks compared to NCs. The models constructed based on hippocampal subfield volumes and structural covariance networks show strong potential for predicting cognitive decline in MCI patients.

The incidence of age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is rising with the intensifying aging trend,be-coming a critical challenge that demands urgent solutions.Dry AMD(dAMD)accounts for approximately 80％of all AMD cases,and there is currently a lack of highly effective treatment options.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been proven to effectively treat dAMD through actions such as antioxidation,anti-apoptosis,anti-inflammation,and lipid-lowering.By reviewing domestic and international literature,this article discusses TCM monomers,extracts,and compound formulations for dAMD,analyzing their various mechanisms.Based on traditional TCM efficacy theories and in-tegrated with modern mechanisms of action,it targets the active components of TCM to elucidate the connection between effective medicinal targets of TCM and dAMD,thereby clarifying the efficacy and scientific basis of TCM monomers,com-pounds,and extracts in treating dAMD.The aim is to provide new perspectives for the prevention and clinical treatment of dAMD.

The incidence of age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is rising with the intensifying aging trend,be-coming a critical challenge that demands urgent solutions.Dry AMD(dAMD)accounts for approximately 80％of all AMD cases,and there is currently a lack of highly effective treatment options.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been proven to effectively treat dAMD through actions such as antioxidation,anti-apoptosis,anti-inflammation,and lipid-lowering.By reviewing domestic and international literature,this article discusses TCM monomers,extracts,and compound formulations for dAMD,analyzing their various mechanisms.Based on traditional TCM efficacy theories and in-tegrated with modern mechanisms of action,it targets the active components of TCM to elucidate the connection between effective medicinal targets of TCM and dAMD,thereby clarifying the efficacy and scientific basis of TCM monomers,com-pounds,and extracts in treating dAMD.The aim is to provide new perspectives for the prevention and clinical treatment of dAMD.

Objective:To investigate the differences in hippocampal subfield volumes and structural covariance network properties among patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) exhibiting different cognitive outcomes and normal controls (NCs), and to further evaluate the predictive value of these imaging indicators for cognitive deterioration in MCI patients.Methods:A total of 43 NCs, 65 stable MCI (sMCI), and 26 progressive MCI (pMCI) patients enrolled in the Alzheimer′s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database between December 2012 and May 2016 were included in this study. Baseline demographic information and T 1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected. Hippocampal subfield volumes were extracted using freesurfer software, and structural covariance networks of hippocampal subfields were constructed. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to compare hippocampal subfield volumes among the 3 groups. A general linear model was applied to examine group differences in hippocampal subfield structural covariance network properties. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Logistic regression was employed to identify imaging predictors associated with conversion to Alzheimer′s disease (AD), based on which structural, network-based, and combined predictive models were constructed. Model discrimination was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC); internal validation was performed using Bootstrap resampling; model calibration was assessed with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test; and clinical utility was evaluated through decision curve analysis. Results:Significant differences in hippocampal subfield volumes (mm3) were observed among the 3 groups (all P<0.05, Bonferroni-corrected). Specifically, left parasubiculum (65.58±13.30, 61.96±17.56, 49.56±11.82, F=9.900), right parasubiculum (65.92±15.21, 59.45±16.65, 47.69±15.48, F=11.612), left presubiculum (277.09±39.85, 258.15±44.86, 224.05±45.05, F=14.513), right presubiculum (262.85±40.43, 247.41±43.27, 209.97±46.11, F=14.500), left subiculum (399.66±32.19, 374.25±55.83, 306.12±51.62, F=32.923), right subiculum (417.93±48.92, 376.59±51.01, 316.82±70.22, F=28.764), left cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) (592.10±83.87, 561.96±94.72, 490.06±86.89, F=13.352), right CA1 (632.15±100.09, 601.24±88.88, 531.05±110.29, F=10.579), left CA3 (191.58±30.08, 180.47±34.66, 155.08±37.82, F=12.182), right CA3 (210.42±28.92, 203.84±34.80, 176.69±41.47, F=9.597), left CA4 (224.61±28.94, 210.49±35.04, 183.98±36.89, F=16.521), right CA4 (238.49±28.14, 227.43±30.65, 200.23±42.74, F=13.702), left granule cell-molecular layer-dentate gyrus (GC-ML-DG) (259.96±36.76, 239.42±41.17, 207.61±41.84, F=19.831), right GC-ML-DG (273.98±35.12, 258.79±36.82, 227.81±49.07, F=14.204), left molecular layer (505.62±66.16, 468.58±75.17, 402.68±75.47, F=22.293), right molecular layer (527.39±72.39, 493.14±70.39, 423.81±88.09, F=19.588), left hippocampal amygdala transition area (HATA) (54.91±9.99, 49.52±9.93, 43.27±9.59, F=13.571), right HATA (58.43±9.83, 54.55±10.80, 47.12±12.54, F=10.037), left fimbria (69.94±25.04, 56.63±23.74, 40.58±19.83, F=14.846), right fimbria (68.61±26.24, 53.95±23.16, 45.25±17.04, F=10.424), left hippocampal tail (488.37±83.44, 463.54±80.33, 393.83±77.73, F=13.570), and right hippocampal tail (519.78±80.22, 498.84±81.68, 419.75±93.29, F=14.339) all showed significant group differences. Significant group differences were also observed in small-worldness metric γ (0.51±0.10, 0.51±0.08, 0.62±0.14, F=9.317), small-worldness metric λ (0.39±0.02, 0.39±0.02, 0.43±0.04, F=9.925), global efficiency (0.19±0.01, 0.20±0.01, 0.18±0.01, F=3.189), local efficiency (0.26±0.02, 0.26±0.01, 0.27±0.01, F=3.068), clustering coefficient (0.23±0.01, 0.23±0.01, 0.24±0.02, F=4.274), and characteristic path length (0.73±0.06, 0.72±0.06, 0.76±0.07, F=4.477) of the hippocampal subfield structural covariance network (all P<0.05). Specifically, the pMCI group exhibited higher γ ( t=3.773, P<0.001), λ ( t=4.060, P<0.001), local efficiency ( t=2.445, P=0.047), and clustering coefficient ( t=2.849, P=0.015) than the NCs group, and higher γ ( t=4.074, P<0.001), λ ( t=4.068, P<0.001), and characteristic path length ( t=2.986, P=0.010) but lower global efficiency ( t=-2.444, P=0.047) than the sMCI group. The AUC of the structural, network, and combined models based on LASSO-Logistic regression was 0.837, 0.861, and 0.899, respectively. After internal validation, the corrected AUC was 0.835, 0.855, and 0.889, respectively. All models demonstrated good calibration ( P>0.05), and decision curve analysis indicated favorable clinical net benefit across models. Conclusions:Both sMCI and pMCI patients exhibit widespread hippocampal subfield atrophy and altered global properties of hippocampal subfield structural covariance networks compared to NCs. The models constructed based on hippocampal subfield volumes and structural covariance networks show strong potential for predicting cognitive decline in MCI patients.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of the composite reduction labiaplasty by divisional design.Methods:From January 2020 to February 2022, the clinical data of patients with complex labia minora and clitoris prepuce hypertrophy who were treated in the Medical Cosmetic Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were collected and analysed. The inner side of their labia minora showed no chalasis in the vertical direction, but the outer side were slack with folds, accompanied by clitoris prepuce hyperplasia. We adopted the composite reduction labiaplasty by divisional design. The outer side of the labia minora and the clitoral prepuce were considered as a whole, and a wedge-shaped incision line was designed to remove the excess tissue in the vertical direction. On this basis, an arc was projected on the inner side of the labia minora to form an arcuate incision line on the inner side. The composite reduction labiaplasty was performed with the combination of wedge resection and edge resection. The postoperative follow-up observations included: postoperative complications, the symmetry of the labia minora and clitoris prepuce, the improvement of frictional discomfort, the cleanliness of the labia minora and the clitoris prepuce, and the patient's satisfaction with the shape of the labia minora and clitoris prepuce. For patients with sexual experience, follow-up content also includes changes in sexual satisfaction.Results:A total of 17 female patients aged 20 to 35 years, with an average age of 27 years, were included in this study. Follow-up was conducted 2 months after the operation. All incisions healed by first intention with no sawtooth-like deformity at the incision margin, and had natural appearance. Patients felt that the bilateral labia minora and clitoral foreskin were completely symmetrical in 3 cases, basically symmetrical in 12 cases, and partially asymmetric in 2 cases. These 2 cases of partial asymmetry did not require further surgical repair. In all 17 patients, the frictional discomfort was completely resolved, and the labia minora and clitoral foreskin were easier to clean. The patients were very satisfied with the appearance in 5 cases, satisfied in 10 cases, and dissatisfied in 2 case. There were 15 patients with previous sexual life experience, of which 10 patients had improved sexual satisfaction, and 5 patients had no change in sexual satisfaction after the operation.Conclusions:Through the divisional design, wedge resection and edge resection are performed in the composite reduction labiaplasty, which can solve the friction and discomfort caused by the hyperplasia of labia minora and clitoris prepuce in a single operation, and achieve better aesthetic results at the same time.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of the composite reduction labiaplasty by divisional design.Methods:From January 2020 to February 2022, the clinical data of patients with complex labia minora and clitoris prepuce hypertrophy who were treated in the Medical Cosmetic Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were collected and analysed. The inner side of their labia minora showed no chalasis in the vertical direction, but the outer side were slack with folds, accompanied by clitoris prepuce hyperplasia. We adopted the composite reduction labiaplasty by divisional design. The outer side of the labia minora and the clitoral prepuce were considered as a whole, and a wedge-shaped incision line was designed to remove the excess tissue in the vertical direction. On this basis, an arc was projected on the inner side of the labia minora to form an arcuate incision line on the inner side. The composite reduction labiaplasty was performed with the combination of wedge resection and edge resection. The postoperative follow-up observations included: postoperative complications, the symmetry of the labia minora and clitoris prepuce, the improvement of frictional discomfort, the cleanliness of the labia minora and the clitoris prepuce, and the patient's satisfaction with the shape of the labia minora and clitoris prepuce. For patients with sexual experience, follow-up content also includes changes in sexual satisfaction.Results:A total of 17 female patients aged 20 to 35 years, with an average age of 27 years, were included in this study. Follow-up was conducted 2 months after the operation. All incisions healed by first intention with no sawtooth-like deformity at the incision margin, and had natural appearance. Patients felt that the bilateral labia minora and clitoral foreskin were completely symmetrical in 3 cases, basically symmetrical in 12 cases, and partially asymmetric in 2 cases. These 2 cases of partial asymmetry did not require further surgical repair. In all 17 patients, the frictional discomfort was completely resolved, and the labia minora and clitoral foreskin were easier to clean. The patients were very satisfied with the appearance in 5 cases, satisfied in 10 cases, and dissatisfied in 2 case. There were 15 patients with previous sexual life experience, of which 10 patients had improved sexual satisfaction, and 5 patients had no change in sexual satisfaction after the operation.Conclusions:Through the divisional design, wedge resection and edge resection are performed in the composite reduction labiaplasty, which can solve the friction and discomfort caused by the hyperplasia of labia minora and clitoris prepuce in a single operation, and achieve better aesthetic results at the same time.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of the composite reduction labiaplasty by divisional design.Methods:From January 2020 to February 2022, the clinical data of patients with complex labia minora and clitoris prepuce hypertrophy who were treated in the Medical Cosmetic Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were collected and analysed. The inner side of their labia minora showed no chalasis in the vertical direction, but the outer side were slack with folds, accompanied by clitoris prepuce hyperplasia. We adopted the composite reduction labiaplasty by divisional design. The outer side of the labia minora and the clitoral prepuce were considered as a whole, and a wedge-shaped incision line was designed to remove the excess tissue in the vertical direction. On this basis, an arc was projected on the inner side of the labia minora to form an arcuate incision line on the inner side. The composite reduction labiaplasty was performed with the combination of wedge resection and edge resection. The postoperative follow-up observations included: postoperative complications, the symmetry of the labia minora and clitoris prepuce, the improvement of frictional discomfort, the cleanliness of the labia minora and the clitoris prepuce, and the patient's satisfaction with the shape of the labia minora and clitoris prepuce. For patients with sexual experience, follow-up content also includes changes in sexual satisfaction.Results:A total of 17 female patients aged 20 to 35 years, with an average age of 27 years, were included in this study. Follow-up was conducted 2 months after the operation. All incisions healed by first intention with no sawtooth-like deformity at the incision margin, and had natural appearance. Patients felt that the bilateral labia minora and clitoral foreskin were completely symmetrical in 3 cases, basically symmetrical in 12 cases, and partially asymmetric in 2 cases. These 2 cases of partial asymmetry did not require further surgical repair. In all 17 patients, the frictional discomfort was completely resolved, and the labia minora and clitoral foreskin were easier to clean. The patients were very satisfied with the appearance in 5 cases, satisfied in 10 cases, and dissatisfied in 2 case. There were 15 patients with previous sexual life experience, of which 10 patients had improved sexual satisfaction, and 5 patients had no change in sexual satisfaction after the operation.Conclusions:Through the divisional design, wedge resection and edge resection are performed in the composite reduction labiaplasty, which can solve the friction and discomfort caused by the hyperplasia of labia minora and clitoris prepuce in a single operation, and achieve better aesthetic results at the same time.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of the composite reduction labiaplasty by divisional design.Methods:From January 2020 to February 2022, the clinical data of patients with complex labia minora and clitoris prepuce hypertrophy who were treated in the Medical Cosmetic Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were collected and analysed. The inner side of their labia minora showed no chalasis in the vertical direction, but the outer side were slack with folds, accompanied by clitoris prepuce hyperplasia. We adopted the composite reduction labiaplasty by divisional design. The outer side of the labia minora and the clitoral prepuce were considered as a whole, and a wedge-shaped incision line was designed to remove the excess tissue in the vertical direction. On this basis, an arc was projected on the inner side of the labia minora to form an arcuate incision line on the inner side. The composite reduction labiaplasty was performed with the combination of wedge resection and edge resection. The postoperative follow-up observations included: postoperative complications, the symmetry of the labia minora and clitoris prepuce, the improvement of frictional discomfort, the cleanliness of the labia minora and the clitoris prepuce, and the patient's satisfaction with the shape of the labia minora and clitoris prepuce. For patients with sexual experience, follow-up content also includes changes in sexual satisfaction.Results:A total of 17 female patients aged 20 to 35 years, with an average age of 27 years, were included in this study. Follow-up was conducted 2 months after the operation. All incisions healed by first intention with no sawtooth-like deformity at the incision margin, and had natural appearance. Patients felt that the bilateral labia minora and clitoral foreskin were completely symmetrical in 3 cases, basically symmetrical in 12 cases, and partially asymmetric in 2 cases. These 2 cases of partial asymmetry did not require further surgical repair. In all 17 patients, the frictional discomfort was completely resolved, and the labia minora and clitoral foreskin were easier to clean. The patients were very satisfied with the appearance in 5 cases, satisfied in 10 cases, and dissatisfied in 2 case. There were 15 patients with previous sexual life experience, of which 10 patients had improved sexual satisfaction, and 5 patients had no change in sexual satisfaction after the operation.Conclusions:Through the divisional design, wedge resection and edge resection are performed in the composite reduction labiaplasty, which can solve the friction and discomfort caused by the hyperplasia of labia minora and clitoris prepuce in a single operation, and achieve better aesthetic results at the same time.