Both porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder and hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome belong to hepatic vascular diseases， and they have differences in etiology， clinical manifestations， treatment， and prognosis. However， recent research evidence has gradually shown that the association between porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder and hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome has not been fully understood， suggesting that they may be two different manifestations of the same disease. This article reviews the association between these two diseases and related research evidence.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics and changes of febrile seizure(FS)among children under 6 years old in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2021.Methods:Based on the Ningbo Regional Health Information Platform,a dynamic cohort was established using vacci-nation registration information,and the cases of FS were identified by the diagnostic results of Chinese terms or International Classification of Diseases 10th revision(ICD-10)R56.0 code in the electronic medical records.The first visit of FS during the observation period was defined as a new case,and a re-currence case was defined as the case with a visit interval of more than 7 days.The 95％confidence in-terval(CI)of FS incidence density was calculated by the Poisson distribution.Results:From January 2015 to June 2020,there were 1.3 million children under 6 years old in Ningbo,with male accounting for 52.87％.The median follow-up time was 2.83(1.55-4.00)years.During the follow-up period,12 776 new onset cases had FS,with more males than females,with an overall incidence density of 4.34(95％CI:4.27-4.40)/1 000 person-years and a recurrence rate of 21.63％.There was a higher inci-dence density in children who were male,born in Ningbo and of non-mobility.The incidence density of FS was higher in urban areas than in rural and rural-urban fringe areas,and the incidence density was different among districts and counties.The peak density was found in children aged 18-23 months[8.42(95％CI:8.11-8.74)/1 000 person-years].From 2015 to 2019,the incidence density in-creased with calendar year(Ptrend＜0.001),and the highest was 5.62(95％CI:5.43-5.81)/1 000 person-years.The incidence density of FS decreased significantly during the period between 2020 and 2021.The incidence density was higher in winter.Conclusion:From 2015 to 2019,the overall inci-dence density of FS in children under 6 years old in Ningbo City presented an increasing trend.More at-tention should be paid to the health education,the improvement of the health maintenance model,the en-hancement of the cognition of FS,the identification and treatment of FS among high-risk population and regions so as to prevent its recurrence and reduce the disease burden during the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)epide-mic.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics and changes of febrile seizure(FS)among children under 6 years old in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2021.Methods:Based on the Ningbo Regional Health Information Platform,a dynamic cohort was established using vacci-nation registration information,and the cases of FS were identified by the diagnostic results of Chinese terms or International Classification of Diseases 10th revision(ICD-10)R56.0 code in the electronic medical records.The first visit of FS during the observation period was defined as a new case,and a re-currence case was defined as the case with a visit interval of more than 7 days.The 95％confidence in-terval(CI)of FS incidence density was calculated by the Poisson distribution.Results:From January 2015 to June 2020,there were 1.3 million children under 6 years old in Ningbo,with male accounting for 52.87％.The median follow-up time was 2.83(1.55-4.00)years.During the follow-up period,12 776 new onset cases had FS,with more males than females,with an overall incidence density of 4.34(95％CI:4.27-4.40)/1 000 person-years and a recurrence rate of 21.63％.There was a higher inci-dence density in children who were male,born in Ningbo and of non-mobility.The incidence density of FS was higher in urban areas than in rural and rural-urban fringe areas,and the incidence density was different among districts and counties.The peak density was found in children aged 18-23 months[8.42(95％CI:8.11-8.74)/1 000 person-years].From 2015 to 2019,the incidence density in-creased with calendar year(Ptrend＜0.001),and the highest was 5.62(95％CI:5.43-5.81)/1 000 person-years.The incidence density of FS decreased significantly during the period between 2020 and 2021.The incidence density was higher in winter.Conclusion:From 2015 to 2019,the overall inci-dence density of FS in children under 6 years old in Ningbo City presented an increasing trend.More at-tention should be paid to the health education,the improvement of the health maintenance model,the en-hancement of the cognition of FS,the identification and treatment of FS among high-risk population and regions so as to prevent its recurrence and reduce the disease burden during the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)epide-mic.

Background::Breast cancer is ranked among the most prevalent malignancies in the Chinese female population. However, comprehensive reports detailing the latest epidemiological data and attributable disease burden have not been extensively documented.Methods::In 2018, high-quality cancer surveillance data were recorded in 700 population-based cancer registries in China. We extracted data on female breast cancers (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10]: C50) and estimated the incidence and mortality in 2022 according to the baseline data and corresponding trends from 2010 to 2018. Pathological types were classified according to the ICD for Oncology, 3rd Edition codes. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated as the sum of the years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs).Results::In 2022, approximately 357,200 new female breast cancer cases and 75,000 deaths occurred in China, accounting for 15.59% and 7.94% of total new cancer cases and deaths, respectively. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 33.04 per 100,000. When analyzed by pathological type, the ASIRs for papillary neoplasms, invasive breast carcinoma, rare and salivary gland-type tumors, and other types were 1.13, 29.79, 0.24, and 1.88 per 100,000, respectively. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 6.10 per 100,000. A total of 2,628,000 DALYs were found to be attributable to female breast cancer in China, comprising 2,278,300 YLLs and 349,700 YLDs. The ASIR, ASMR, and age-standardized rate (ASR) for DALYs in urban areas were consistently higher than those in rural areas. We observed a four-fold increase in the ASIR and ASR for DALYs and an eight-fold increase in the ASMR among females over 55 years compared with those aged under 55 years.Conclusion::These data provide invaluable insights into the latest epidemiology of female breast cancer in China and highlight the urgency for disease prevention and control strategy formulation.

Objective To find out the social competence level of school-age children with speech sound disorders after cleft palate operation and functional speech sound disorders.Methods Thirty-four school-age children with postoperative cleft palate speech sound disorders and thirty-seven school-age children with functional speech sound disorders attending a specialty clinic for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood speech and language disorders in 2023 were selected,and 32 age-and gender-matched normal children in a local elementary school were also randomly selected as the normal group.The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist was used to assess the so-cial competence of the three groups of children and a cross-sectional study was conducted.Results Children with cleft palate speech sound disorders and functional speech sound disorders had lower scores on activity,communication and academic ability,with specific manifestations varying in different gender groups,but there was no significant difference in scores between the two groups.In contrast,the activity and communication scores of the functional speech sound disordergroup were significantly lower than those of the normal group(P＜0.05).Conclusion School-age children with cleft palate speech sound disorders and functional speech sound disorders are at a higher risk of difficulties in social functioning,in terms of activity,communication and academic ability,whereas speech sound disorders may be one of the most important influencing factors of such difficulties and cleft palate does not have an additional impact on the social competence level of the child.

Objective To investigate the type and consumption of sanitary insecticides used in Putuo District of Shanghai， determine the current resistance of Aedes albopictus to the insecticides， and explore the causes of regional variations in insecticide resistance spectrum. Methods Public and private institutions of pest control operation were investigated on the use of sanitary insecticides. Dipping method and tube method were used to measure the insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus， including larvae and adults. Results The main insecticides used in residential areas and governmental units was β-cypermethrin， while that in markets and public environment was propoxur. In addition， and the insecticides in dengue control program was λ-cyhalothrin. Aedes albopictus larvae had medium resistance to parathion， and were sensitive to propoxur， with insignificant change within three years. Their resistance to permethrin and deltamethrin was medium and high， respectively. Moreover， resistance to β-cypermethrin increased over years. In contrast， resistance of adult Aedes albopictus differed by area， except consistently being sensitive to fenitrothion. Conclusion Multiple sanitary insecticides have been used in Putuo District. In addition， Aedes albopictus has different resistance to these insecticides by area. It suggests that resistance surveillance should be promoted， which may be crucial for scientific application of insecticides and impede the development of potential resistance.

Objective:To investigate the implementation status of sepsis hour-1 bundle strategy for patients with septic shock in emergency department.Methods:A total of 116 septic shock patients admitted to the emergency department from January 2020 to December 2020 were included in this prospective study, and the implementation of sepsis bundles and the clinical outcomes of patients were recorded.Results:Among 116 patients, 20 cases (17.2%) had lactic acid monitored within 1 h, 20 cases (17.2%) had blood culture before antibiotics, 82 cases (70.1%) received broad-spectrum antibiotics, 16 cases (13.8%) received fluid resuscitation ≥30 ml/kg, and 57 cases (49.1%) received vasoactive drugs during resuscitation. Finally, the sepsis hour-1 bundle strategy was fully implemented only in 13 cases (11.2%). Compared with the group with incomplete implementation of sepsis hour-1 bundle strategy, the volume of fluid recovery in the group with full implementation was significantly increased [33.7 (30.0,37.5) vs. 8.9(7.3,10.8) ml/kg, Z=-4.78, P<0.001], mean artery blood pressure significantly increased [70.0 (70.0,76.7) vs. 67.7 (61.7,76.7)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) , Z=-2.00, P<0.001], and lactic acid significantly decreased [3.0 (2.0,3.2) vs. 4.4 (3.7,7.2) mmol/L, Z=-2.76, P=0.006]. However, there were no significant differences in ICU mortality, in-hospital mortality and 28-day mortality between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Septic shock patients in emergency department have poor compliance with the implementation of sepsis hour-1 bundle strategy, and relevant management training should be strengthened.

Objective:To explore the value of high frequency ultrasound combined with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the accurate qualitative diagnosis of pediatric testicular tumors.Methods:The ultrasound characteristics (physical properties, calcification, alder blood flow classification) and AFP levels of 47 testicular tumors confirmed by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively. The tumors were further divided into two ways: malignant tumor group and benign tumor group, yolk sac tumor group and non yolk sac tumor group. The characteristics of ultrasound and the accurate qualitative diagnosis efficiency of AFP in testicular tumors were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Results:18 cases of yolk sac tumor showed solid or almost solid mass, which may be accompanied by several small anechoic areas without calcification. The Alder blood flow grade were grade 3. 29 cases of nonyolk sac tumor showed cystic, solid or mixed mass, most of them have calcification and some of them showed honeycomb echo. Alder blood flow grade were 0-3 grade. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasound characteristics and AFP in the diagnosis of pediatric testicular malignancies were: solid or almost solid mass (0.894, 83.3%, 95.5%), and no calcification (0.904, 94.4%, 86.4%), Alder blood flow level 3 (0.941, 88.9%, 95.5%), AFP by best cut-off value 18.8 ng/ml (0.972, 100%, 95.5%), ultrasound features combined with AFP (0.992, 100%, 90.9%). All the testicular malignancies, such as yolk sac tumor, immature teratoma, teratoma combined with yolk sac tumor, can be identified by ultrasound features combined with AFP. Further analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of yolk sac tumor with combined solid or almost solid and no calcification were both 100.0%, which can accurately distinguish all cases of yolk sac tumor.Conclusions:Pediatric testicular yolk sac tumor has specific ultrasound performance, high-frequency ultrasound can make a relatively accurate diagnosis, combined with serum AFP can further make a relatively accurate qualitative diagnosis of other malignant tumors of the testis in children.

Objective To investigate the influence of fat suppression technique on the parameters obtained with introvoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)for the normal hip.Methods 47 female volunteers were randomly selected to perform 1.5T MR examination with common sequence and IVIM sequence.The three different Fat suppression techniques:Fat sat,SPAIR and Water Excit were utilized respectively in T2WI sequence and IVIM sequence.The value of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR),contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR),coefficient of variation(CV), ADC,Dfast,Dslowand F values for three methods were calculated and compared quantitatively.The consistency evaluation of these methods were also conducted.Results (1)ADC value and Dslowvalue obtained with the Water Excit method were higher than those with Fat sat and SPAIR statistically(P<0.05),however there was no significant differences between the SNR,CNR,CV,Dfastand F values measured in three fat suppression methods(P>0.05).(2)The results of Fat sat and SPAIR techniques exhibited good consistency.Conclusion In Water Excit technique,overestimation of the ADC and Dslowvalues may be presented,while the IVIM measurement results are not influenced by the use of Fat sat or SPAIR method.

Objective: To estimate the incidence and mortality of bladder cancer in China based on the cancer registration data in 2014, collected by the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR). Methods: There were 449 cancer registries submitted bladder cancer new cases and deaths occurred in 2014 to NCCR. After evaluating the data quality, 339 registries′ data were finally accepted for analysis. According to the national population data of 2014, the nationwide incidence and mortality of bladder cancer were estimated by stratification in the area (urban or rural), gender, and age. Chinese population census in 2000 and Segi′s population were used for age-standardized incidence/mortality rates. Results: All 339 cancer registries covered a total of 288 243 347 populations (144 061 915 in urban and 144 181 432 in rural areas). The percentage of morphologically verified cases and death certificate-only cases were 74.86% and 1.45%, respectively. The mortality to incidence ratio was 0.41. The estimates of new bladder cancer cases were 78 100 in China in 2014, with a crude incidence rate of 5.71/100 000. The age-standardized incidence rates by China standard population (ASR China) and world standard population (ASR world) of bladder cancer were 3.61/100 000 and 3.56/100 000, respectively. Cumulative incidence rate of bladder cancer in China was 0.41%. The crude and ASR China incidence rates in urban areas were 6.88/100 000 and 4.07/100 000, respectively, whereas those were 4.29/100, 000 and 2.96/100 000 in rural areas. The estimates of bladder cancer deaths caused by bladder cancer were about 32 100 in China in 2014, with a crude mortality rate of 2.35/100 000. The ASR China and ASR world mortality rates were both 1.30/100 000 with a cumulative mortality rate (0-74 years old) of 0.12%. The crude and ASR China mortality rates were 2.79/100 000 and 1.41/100 000 in urban areas, respectively, whereas those were 1.81/100 000 and 1.14/100 000 in rural areas. Conclusions The incidence and mortality pattern of bladder cancer were different in urban and rural areas. The incidence and mortality were higher in urban areas than that in rural areas, and higher for male than for female. We should focus on strengthening the prevention and control of bladder cancer in key population, especially men in urban areas.