Objective To explore the abnormality of top-down and bottom-up attention patterns in patients suffering from coronary heart disease(CHD)patients with heart-qi deficiency syndrome based on the theory of"five spirits".Methods From July 2024 to December 2024,30 CHD patients with heart-qi deficiency syndrome were recruited,and 30 subjects without CHD as the control group according to the principle of matching age,sex and years of education.Two groups of subjects were tested with top-down and bottom-up spatial cueing paradigm.Results Compared with the control group,CHD patients with heart-qi deficiency syndrome had longer valid reaction time(vRT)and lower average reaction time difference value(△RT)in top-down test(P＜0.05),and longer vSRT in bottom-up test.Correlation analysis showed that heart-qi deficiency syndrome score was positively correlated with top-down test indexes invalid reaction time(ivRT)(P＜0.05),negatively correlated with △RT(P＜0.01)and valid accurany(vAC)(P＜0.05).It was positively correlated with valid long reaction time(vLRT)(P＜0.01)and invalid long reaction time(ivLRT)(P＜0.01).Generalized linear model analysis showed that non-CHD subjects had shorter vRT(P＜0.01)and larger △ RT(P＜0.05)than CHD patients for top-down test.For bottom-up tests,non-CHD subjects had shorter vSRT than CHD patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The change of top-down and bottom-up attention patterns in CHD patients with heart-qi deficiency syndrome provides a modern neuropsychological basis for the theory of"heart stores spirits".

Objective To analyze the core syndromes of patients with generalized anxiety disorder(GAD),explore the core pathogenesis,and offer innovative perspectives and practical strategies for the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diagnosis and treatment of GAD.Methods The basic information of GAD patients was collected,and depression symptoms were evaluated with Hamilton Anxiety Scale to evaluate anxiety symptoms,Hamilton Depression Scale,and the TCM psychiatric and somatic symptoms were evaluated with Traditional Chinese Medicine Symptom Observation Form.Based on the data collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine symptom observation table,the systematic clustering method was used to cluster the symptoms with a frequency greater than 10％,determine the disease type syndrome and disease location syndrome,and form a syndrome symptom relationship table.According to this table,the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score of each patient is calculated.The complex network analysis was carried out to evaluate core syndromes and analyze the relationships between core syndromes and psychiatric symptoms and core syndromes and other syndromes.Results A total of 517 patients with GAD were included.There were 81 symptoms with a frequency of more than 10％,including 21 psychological symptoms and 60 physical symptoms.The clustering analysis led to a total of 12 syndromes,including 6 pathological syndromes,namely yin deficiency,heat,phlegm dampness,qi stagnation,blood stasis,and qi deficiency,and 6 disease location syndromes,namely liver,spleen,kidney,gallbladder,stomach,and heart.The results of complex network analysis show that the core pathological syndrome of GAD is kidney,and the core pathological syndrome is yin deficiency.The joint analysis of pathological syndrome and pathological syndrome network suggests that yin deficiency is the core of the integrated network.The relationship between yin deficiency syndrome and various organs is in the order of kidney,spleen,gallbladder,liver,heart,and stomach.The syndrome element of yin deficiency has the highest correlation with being easily frightened,excessive thinking,indecisiveness,repetitive behavior,and groundless worry.The kidney syndrome has the highest correlation with the symptoms such as being easily scared,unfounded worry,repetitive actions,excessive rumination,and restlessness.Conclusion The core pathological pattern of GAD is kidney and the core pathological pattern is yin deficiency.Kidney yin deficiency may be the core pathogenesis of GAD.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingre Jiedu recipe in the treatment of bipolar depression.Methods A randomized,double-blind,Chinese medicine and western medicine placebo control design was used in this study.Totally 80 subjects with bipolar depression and fiery internal depression that met the enrollment criteria,were divided into the experimental group(EG,40 cases of western medicine simulation tablets+Chinese medicine formula granules)and the control group(CG,40 cases of western medicine+Chinese medicine placebo)according to a 1∶1 ratio at last,7 cases dropped out after enrollment,EG 36 cases,CG 37 cases.TCM Heat Internal Depression Syndrome(TCMHIDS),Hamilton Depression Scale-24 Item(HAMD-24),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Hypomania Checklist-33(HCL-33),Young Manic Rating Scale(YMRS)and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS)scores were assessed at baseline and at the 2nd,4th and 8th week after treatment.Important signs and adverse events were recorded.Blood routine,hepatic and renal function,urine routine and electrocardiogram were performed during the screening period and the 8th week after treatment.For the patients who dropped out of the examination program,the examination item are identical to those at week 8.The primary outcome measure was the change in HAMD score from baseline to 8th week.Secondary outcome evaluation indicators included the changes of TCMHIDS,HAMA,HCL-33 and YMRS scores from baseline to 8th week.Results The scores of the HAMD-24 between EG and CG decreased significantly compared with the baseline at different time-point,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).However,the scores of the EG on the HAMD-24 decreased more significantly compared with the CG at the 4th and 8th week,and this difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).The TCMHIDS and HAMD scores between two groups decreased compared with the baseline at different time-point,and this difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).However,the TCMHIDS and HAMD scores of the EG decreased more significantly ot the 4th and 8th week,compared with the CG,and this difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).Both YMRS and HCL-33 scores decreased more significantly between two groups at different time-point,compared with the baseline,and this differences was statistically significant,but there was no difference between two groups.Conclusion TCM Qingre Jiedu recipe could effectively relieve depression and anxiety mood of bipolar depression,with more advantages than western medicine.In addition,it showed a certain effect on hypomania or manic-related symptoms of bipolar disorder,No risk of turning to hypomania or manic,better safety and less adverse reactions were observed.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between thymus dose-volume parameters and lymphopenia in patients with early-stage breast cancer (BC) receiving adjuvant radiotherapy (RT).Methods:Medical records of 54 patients with early-stage BC who received postoperative adjuvant RT in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) were collected at 1 month before (baseline) and weekly during RT. Lymphopenia was graded based according to the common terminology criteria for adverse events version 5.0 and nadir/baseline ALC was calculated. The thymus was delineated according to anatomical boundaries in the original RT planning system. Dosimetric parameters were obtained from the dose volume histograms. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the factors associated with nadir/baseline ALC. The cutoff values of dosimetric parameters for predicting ≥grade 3 lymphopenia were obtained using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:The proportion of 54 patients experiencing ≥ grade 3 lymphopenia was 38.9%. The median value of thymus volume, mean dose, V 5 Gy, V 10 Gy were 14.02 cm 3, 4.95 Gy, 36.18%, and 6.61%, respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that baseline ALC ( P=0.005), quadrant location ( P=0.005) and mean thymus dose ( P<0.001) were significantly associated with nadir/baseline ALC. ROC curve analysis indicated that the cutoff values of thymus mean dose, V 5 Gy and V 10 Gy for predicting ≥ grade 3 lymphopenia were 6.12 Gy, 35.2%, and 7.4%, respectively. Conclusions:Lymphopenia in early-stage BC patients is significantly correlated with high dosimetric parameters of the thymus during postoperative adjuvant RT. Thymus may be considered as an organ at risk during RT.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of lung transplantation and post-transplantation changes in patients with pneumoconiosis.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical and pathological data of 28 patients with pulmonary silicosis who underwent lung transplantation and were managed at the Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Provincial People′s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China from January 2015 to December 2024. Among them, 8 patients underwent lung biopsy 6-20 months after transplantation to evaluate the histopathological changes of the recipient and the donor lungs post-transplantation. The expression of relevant indicators was examined using immunohistochemical EnVision staining, while presence of microorganisms was assessed using histochemical special staining. The patients were all followed up.Results:Among the 28 patients with pneumoconiosis who underwent lung transplantation, 26 were male and 2 were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 13∶1. Their ages ranged from 23 to 68 years, median 50.0 (46.0, 53.5) years. They were diagnosed with pneumoconiosis at local occupational disease prevention and control centers for 3 to 15 years (mean, 9.65 years), including 13 left single lung transplants and 15 right single lung transplants. Gross examination showed fleshy nodules with irregular cystic cavities at the periphery. The cut surfaces exhibited gray-brown color and firm texture. Microscopically, most alveolar structures of the lung were obliterated, with nodular or diffuse proliferation of collagen fibers accompanied by hyaline degeneration. Focal massive carbon dust deposition and massive silicotic fibrosis were observed, surrounded by lung parenchyma with emphysematous changes and localized bullae formation. Seven patients underwent re-biopsy after transplantation that showed extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells. In 4 cases, microscopy revealed complete coagulative necrosis, with negative acid-fast staining and TB-DNA results. Of the 4 cases, 3 cases exhibited Aspergillus infection confirmed by Grocott′s methenamine silver and PAS stains, while 2 cases showed chronic bronchitis with squamous metaplasia. Follow-up revealed that 8 patients died of acute respiratory failure due to severe infection, while the remaining 20 demonstrated significant postoperative improvement in lung function.Conclusions:For patients with advanced pulmonary dust deposition disease who undergo lung transplantation, it is necessary to conduct standardized sampling and pathological assessment of the recipient lungs. In the early post-transplant period, the complications of re-biopsy tissues are mainly fungal infections. The combination of morphological manifestations and immunohistochemical detection is helpful to distinguish infection from rejection reactions. At the same time, it is essential to integrate clinical information and laboratory results to provide post-transplantation pathological assessment for individualized treatment.

Objective To construct a logistic regression prediction model for stress ulcer(SU)after cerebral hemorrhage.Methods A total of 230 patients with cerebral hemorrhage admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2023 were prospectively selected as the study subjects.They were randomly di-vided into a training group and a validation group using a random number table method,with 115 patients in each group.The incidence of postoperative SU was statistically compared between the two groups.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(Lasso)and logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of SU after cerebral hemorrhage,and a logistic regression prediction model was established and valida-ted.Results The incidence of SU was 19.13%in the training group and 20.00%in the validation group.In-crement of age,blood loss≥30 mL,higher levels of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),heat shock protein 70(HSP70)and HSP90 were identified as independent risk factors for SU after cerebral hemorrhage(P<0.05),while lower levels of Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)score and albumin(Alb)were protective factors(P<0.05).The prediction model was logit(P)=0.409×age+1.288×blood loss-1.335×GCS score-1.126×Alb+0.452×NLR+1.483×HSP70+1.593×HSP90-10.325.The areas under the receiver operat-ing characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)for the training group and the validation group were 0.845(95%CI:0.765-0.906)and 0.855(95%CI:0.777-0.913),respectively.The sensitivities were 81.82%and 90.91%,and the specificities were 76.34%and 70.97%,respectively.Conclusion A logistic regression prediction model was successfully constructed,which has certain predictive value for SU after cerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To observe the changes of myelin sheath in corpus callosum on non-ischemic side after ischemic stroke in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)model,and to investigate the effect of vagus nerve stimulation(VNS)on secondary demyelination in I/R model.Methods Forty-two rats were randomly assigned to sham,I/R,or I/R+VNS groups,with 14 rats in each group.Except for the sham group,the rats in other groups were used to construct I/R model by a middle cerebral artery occlusion thread method.In addition,the rats in the I/R+VNS group were given repetitive electrical stimulation of the left vagus nerve for 60 min at 30 min after ischemia occlusion.The cerebral infarction volume was observed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining.The expression levels of myelin basic protein(MBP)and myelin-associated glycoprotein(MAG)in the corpus callosum on the non-ischemic side were detected by Western blotting.The integrity and thickness of myelin sheaths in the corpus callosum on the non-ischemic side were observed by Luxol fast blue staining and transmission electron microscopy,respectively.Results Compared with the sham group,the volume of cerebral infarction in the I/R group was increased(P＜0.01).On the 3rd day after I/R,compared with the sham group,the expression levels of MBP and MAG were significantly decreased(both P＜0.01),the intensity of Luxol fast blue staining was significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and the thickness of the myelin sheath was significantly thinner(g-ratio was increased,P＜0.01)in the corpus callosum on the non-ischemic side.Compared with the I/R group,the expression levels of MBP and MAG in the I/R+VNS group were significantly increased(both P＜0.05),the intensity of Luxol fast blue staining was significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the thickness of myelin sheath was significantly increased(g-ratio was decreased,P＜0.01)in the corpus callosum on the non-ischemic side.Conclusion Secondary demyelination occurs on the non-ischemic side of the rat corpus callosum after ischemic stroke,and VNS can ameliorate the demyelination.

Objective To explore the abnormality of top-down and bottom-up attention patterns in patients suffering from coronary heart disease(CHD)patients with heart-qi deficiency syndrome based on the theory of"five spirits".Methods From July 2024 to December 2024,30 CHD patients with heart-qi deficiency syndrome were recruited,and 30 subjects without CHD as the control group according to the principle of matching age,sex and years of education.Two groups of subjects were tested with top-down and bottom-up spatial cueing paradigm.Results Compared with the control group,CHD patients with heart-qi deficiency syndrome had longer valid reaction time(vRT)and lower average reaction time difference value(△RT)in top-down test(P＜0.05),and longer vSRT in bottom-up test.Correlation analysis showed that heart-qi deficiency syndrome score was positively correlated with top-down test indexes invalid reaction time(ivRT)(P＜0.05),negatively correlated with △RT(P＜0.01)and valid accurany(vAC)(P＜0.05).It was positively correlated with valid long reaction time(vLRT)(P＜0.01)and invalid long reaction time(ivLRT)(P＜0.01).Generalized linear model analysis showed that non-CHD subjects had shorter vRT(P＜0.01)and larger △ RT(P＜0.05)than CHD patients for top-down test.For bottom-up tests,non-CHD subjects had shorter vSRT than CHD patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The change of top-down and bottom-up attention patterns in CHD patients with heart-qi deficiency syndrome provides a modern neuropsychological basis for the theory of"heart stores spirits".

Objective To analyze the core syndromes of patients with generalized anxiety disorder(GAD),explore the core pathogenesis,and offer innovative perspectives and practical strategies for the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diagnosis and treatment of GAD.Methods The basic information of GAD patients was collected,and depression symptoms were evaluated with Hamilton Anxiety Scale to evaluate anxiety symptoms,Hamilton Depression Scale,and the TCM psychiatric and somatic symptoms were evaluated with Traditional Chinese Medicine Symptom Observation Form.Based on the data collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine symptom observation table,the systematic clustering method was used to cluster the symptoms with a frequency greater than 10％,determine the disease type syndrome and disease location syndrome,and form a syndrome symptom relationship table.According to this table,the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score of each patient is calculated.The complex network analysis was carried out to evaluate core syndromes and analyze the relationships between core syndromes and psychiatric symptoms and core syndromes and other syndromes.Results A total of 517 patients with GAD were included.There were 81 symptoms with a frequency of more than 10％,including 21 psychological symptoms and 60 physical symptoms.The clustering analysis led to a total of 12 syndromes,including 6 pathological syndromes,namely yin deficiency,heat,phlegm dampness,qi stagnation,blood stasis,and qi deficiency,and 6 disease location syndromes,namely liver,spleen,kidney,gallbladder,stomach,and heart.The results of complex network analysis show that the core pathological syndrome of GAD is kidney,and the core pathological syndrome is yin deficiency.The joint analysis of pathological syndrome and pathological syndrome network suggests that yin deficiency is the core of the integrated network.The relationship between yin deficiency syndrome and various organs is in the order of kidney,spleen,gallbladder,liver,heart,and stomach.The syndrome element of yin deficiency has the highest correlation with being easily frightened,excessive thinking,indecisiveness,repetitive behavior,and groundless worry.The kidney syndrome has the highest correlation with the symptoms such as being easily scared,unfounded worry,repetitive actions,excessive rumination,and restlessness.Conclusion The core pathological pattern of GAD is kidney and the core pathological pattern is yin deficiency.Kidney yin deficiency may be the core pathogenesis of GAD.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingre Jiedu recipe in the treatment of bipolar depression.Methods A randomized,double-blind,Chinese medicine and western medicine placebo control design was used in this study.Totally 80 subjects with bipolar depression and fiery internal depression that met the enrollment criteria,were divided into the experimental group(EG,40 cases of western medicine simulation tablets+Chinese medicine formula granules)and the control group(CG,40 cases of western medicine+Chinese medicine placebo)according to a 1∶1 ratio at last,7 cases dropped out after enrollment,EG 36 cases,CG 37 cases.TCM Heat Internal Depression Syndrome(TCMHIDS),Hamilton Depression Scale-24 Item(HAMD-24),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Hypomania Checklist-33(HCL-33),Young Manic Rating Scale(YMRS)and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS)scores were assessed at baseline and at the 2nd,4th and 8th week after treatment.Important signs and adverse events were recorded.Blood routine,hepatic and renal function,urine routine and electrocardiogram were performed during the screening period and the 8th week after treatment.For the patients who dropped out of the examination program,the examination item are identical to those at week 8.The primary outcome measure was the change in HAMD score from baseline to 8th week.Secondary outcome evaluation indicators included the changes of TCMHIDS,HAMA,HCL-33 and YMRS scores from baseline to 8th week.Results The scores of the HAMD-24 between EG and CG decreased significantly compared with the baseline at different time-point,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).However,the scores of the EG on the HAMD-24 decreased more significantly compared with the CG at the 4th and 8th week,and this difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).The TCMHIDS and HAMD scores between two groups decreased compared with the baseline at different time-point,and this difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).However,the TCMHIDS and HAMD scores of the EG decreased more significantly ot the 4th and 8th week,compared with the CG,and this difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).Both YMRS and HCL-33 scores decreased more significantly between two groups at different time-point,compared with the baseline,and this differences was statistically significant,but there was no difference between two groups.Conclusion TCM Qingre Jiedu recipe could effectively relieve depression and anxiety mood of bipolar depression,with more advantages than western medicine.In addition,it showed a certain effect on hypomania or manic-related symptoms of bipolar disorder,No risk of turning to hypomania or manic,better safety and less adverse reactions were observed.