This review summarizes the applications and advancements of artificial intelligence(AI)in the analysis of retinal vascular parameters. Retinal vascular parameters, including vessel diameter, fractal dimension, vascular tortuosity, branching angles, and vessel density, are important indicators for assessing changes in the retinal vascular network structure. These parameters are not only related to various ophthalmic diseases but also reflect the conditions of systemic diseases such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. This article provides a detailed discussion on the advantages of AI technology in the automated identification and quantification of retinal vascular parameters, particularly in improving measurement efficiency and accuracy, and enabling the early detection and monitoring of various diseases. Additionally, the challenges faced by AI in the analysis of retinal vascular parameters were discussed, such as data standardization and insufficient sample diversity, and proposes directions for future research. By thoroughly analyzing the application of AI in retinal vascular parameter analysis, this article aims to offer new perspectives and methods for clinical diagnosis and early intervention of diseases, holding significant clinical significance and application prospects.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in adolescents, providing evidence for early prevention and control strategies for cardiovascular structural abnormalities in adolescents. Methods: Data were obtained from the third follow up survey (from October to November 2023) of the "Huantai Children Cardiovascular Health Cohort", including 1 153 healthy adolescents with complete information. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare cIMT across different ALT level groups, and multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the relationship between serum ALT levels and cIMT. Results: Significant differences in cIMT were observed among Q 1, Q 2, and Q 3 ALT level groups [(0.56±0.04) (0.57±0.04) (0.59±0.04)mm, respectively; F=3.61, P <0.01]. After adjusting for covariates, multiple linear regression revealed a positive correlation between ALT levels and cIMT ( β=0.18, P <0.01). Gender subgroup analysis showed similar results in males ( β=0.19, P <0.01), but no statistically significant association was found in females ( β=0.07, P = 0.54). Conclusions Elevated serum ALT levels are associated with an increased risk of vascular structural damage in adolescents, especially in boys. Early detection and control of abnormal serum ALT levels can help to reduce early vascular structural damage and further reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular events.

ObjectiveTo investigate the intervention effects and mechanisms of the flavonoid hyperoside （Hyp） on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced inflammation in the zebrafish model. MethodsZebrafish larvae were either microinjected with 0.5 g·L^-1 LPS or immersed in 1 g·L^-1 LPS for the modeling of inflammation. The larvae were then treated with Hyp at 25， 50， and 100 mg·L^-1 through immersion for four consecutive days. The inflammatory phenotypes were assessed by analyzing the mortality rate， malformation rate， body length， and yolk sac area ratio. Behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate the inflammatory stress responses， and macrophage migration was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Additionally， the mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes， including interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 （CCL2）， chemokine C-X3-C motif receptor 1 （CX3CR1）， chemokine C-C motif receptor 2 （CCR2）， and genes associated with the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway， were measured by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）. ResultsCompared with the pure water injection group， the model group exhibited increased mortality， malformation rates and yolk sac area ratio （P0.01）， reduced body length （P0.01）， increased total swimming distance and high-speed swimming duration （P0.01）， and up-regulated mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， IL-1β， IL-6， CCL2， CX3CR1， and CCR2 （P0.01）. Hyp at low， medium and high doses， as well as aspirin， reduced the mortality and malformation rates （P0.05，P0.01）， increased the body length （P0.05，P0.01）， decreased the yolk sac area ratio （P0.01）， reduced the high-speed swimming duration （P0.01）， and down-regulated the mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， IL-1β， IL-6， CCL2， CX3CR1， and CCR2 （P0.05，P0.01） compared with the model group. ConclusionHyp may modulate the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway to ameliorate inflammatory phenotypes and alleviate stress conditions in zebrafish， thereby exerting the anti-inflammatory effect.

Objective To observe the repair effect and mechanism of Danhuang Powder-containing serum on high glucose-induced vascular endothelial cell injury.Methods Danhuang Powder-containing serum was prepared.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were cultured to be divided into control group,recombinant human epidermal growth factor(called"growth factor"for short)group,Danhuang Powder group,high glucose group,high glucose+growth factor group,and high glucose+Danhuang Powder group.After corresponding intervention in each group for 48 hours,the cell ultrastructure and autophagy were observed under transmission electron microscope,apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,and the protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),epidermal growth factor(EGF)and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)in the cells were detected by Western Blot.Results(1)The intra-mitochondrial ridges in the control group were clearly visible,autophagosomes and autolysosomes were fewer;mitochondria in the high glucose group were swollen and irregular,and appeared vacuolated;and the more typical autophagy-like structures were seen in the high glucose+Danhuang Powder group.(2)Compared with the high glucose group and high glucose+growth factor group,the apoptosis rate of cells in the high glucose+Danhuang Powder group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the high glucose group and the high glucose+growth factor group,the protein expression levels of VEGF,EGF and bFGF in the cells of the high glucose+Danhuang Powder group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Danhuang Powder-containing serum can reduce the high glucose-induced damage in HUVEC cells,and its mechanism may be related to the activation of mitochondrial autophagy,and the inhibition of apoptosis,as well as the up-regulation of the expression of VEGF,EGF and bFGF.

Objective To investigate the application of cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking(CMR-FT)in assessing myocardial strain in dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)patients residing at high altitudes.Methods We retrospectively enrolled 29 DCM patients living at high altitudes(DCM-H),27 DCM patients living in a low-altitude plain environment(DCM-P),23 healthy volunteers living at a high altitude(HV-H),and 24 healthy volunteers living in a low-altitude plain environment(HV-P).All subjects underwent cine MRI scanning using a 3.0T rapid steady-state free precession sequence.The CMR images thus acquired were analyzed using cvi42,a post-processing software,to obtain left ventricular function and myocardial strain parameters.Results Compared with the HV-H group,the DCM-H group showed higher left ventricle end-diastolic volume(LVEDV)and left ventricle end-systolic volume(LVESV),and lower left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and stroke volume(LVSV)(all P＜0.01).No significant difference was observed in cardiac function between the DCM-H and DCM-P groups(all P＞0.05).The absolute values of global radial strain(GRS),global circumferential strain(GCS),and global longitudinal strain(GLS)in the DCM-H group were lower than those in the HV-P group([14.5±6.5]％vs.[34.2±10.7]％,[-11.1±4.4]％vs.[-19.9±2.8]％,and[-7.7±3.2]％vs.[-13.6±4.1]％,respectively),with the differences being statistically significant(all P＜0.001).The DCM-H group had higher absolute GRS,GCS,and GCS values than the DCM-P group did([14.5±6.5]％vs.[7.0±2.7]％,[-11.1±4.4]％vs.[—5.4±2.2]％,and[—7.7±3.2]％vs.[—4.3±1.7]％,respectivley,all P＜0.01).Conclusion Myocardial strain in DCM patients living at a high altitude is lower than that in healthy volunteers living at a high altitude,but higher than that in DCM patients living in a low-altitude plain environment.CMR-FT can be used to quantitatively assess myocardial contractility in DCM patients living at a high altitude,showing promise for clinical application.

Developing and implementing biosafety standards for pathogenic microbiology laboratories is essential to achieving scientific, efficient, and standardized management and operation. This article analyzes the current standardization construction in biosafety in pathogenic microbiology laboratories domestically and internationally. It proposes a framework for the biosafety standard system of pathogenic microbiology laboratories, which mainly includes four parts: basic standards, management standards, technical standards, and industry applications. It provides a reference for the standardization work of pathogenic microbiology laboratories and helps to standardize the biosafety industry in China.

Objective To investigate the relationship between insomnia,gastrointestinal symptoms,and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),as well as the related influencing factors.Methods A total of 910 T2DM patients treated in our multicenter from January 2022 to December 2022 were enrolled in this study.General information(gender,age,smoking and drinking history,exercise,course of disease,treatment and complications),HbA1c,Athens Insomnia Scale(AIS)scores and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale(GSRS)scores of patients were collected.The differences of sleep and gastrointestinal symptoms between groups were analyzed,and the correlation between the differences and HbA1c was analyzed.Furthermore,the risk factors for non-standard HbA1c were analyzed.Results The AIS score and GSRS score in the HbA1c control group were less than those in the non-standard group(P＜0.01).Insomnia was reported by 37.0％of T2DM patients,and the HbA1c level in the insomnia group was significantly higher than that in the non-insomnia group(10.00％±2.38％vs.8.26％±1.73％,P＜0.01).Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 57.5％of T2DM patients,and the HbA1c levels in the group with gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher than those in the group without gastrointestinal symptoms(9.26％±2.23％vs.8.43％±1.98％,P＜0.01).Furthermore,26.3％of T2DM patients experienced both insomnia and gastrointestinal symptoms.Remarkably,the HbA1c levels in the group with both insomnia and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher than those in the group without either condition(10.18％±2.44％vs.8.45％±1.86％,P＜0.01).Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant association between sleep quality,gastrointestinal function,and HbA1c levels(P＜0.01).The logistic regression analysis result revealed that age,GSRS score,AIS score,and the presence of insomnia combined with gastrointestinal symptoms were independent risk factors for predicting HbA1c≥6.5％(P＜0.01).Having both insomnia and gastrointestinal symptoms concurrently was the strongest risk factor for substandard HbA1c control,and the risk of blood sugar control may increase about 5 times when both appear together.Conclusion Insomnia and gastrointestinal symptoms are common comorbidities in T2DM patients,showing a cross-interfering relationship,and they appear together with poor blood sugar control,interact causally,and amplify each other.

Taking the introduction measures of overseas outstanding young talents from a tertiary comprehensive hospital in Tianjin as a case study,this paper introduces the overall overview,application requirements,overall goals,work tasks,as-sessment management,and support measures of the hospital's Excellent Youth Science Fund project(overseas).It is believed that sufficient attention should be paid to the introduction of outstanding young talents from overseas,scientific planning should be carried out,and a comprehensive and international talent introduction management system should be constructed;Optimize serv-ices and provide various resettlement measures for the integration of international talents;Dual protection,introducing dual incen-tives of consulting allowances and research funding;Strengthen assessment and establish a task decomposition mechanism for the evaluation of international special talents;Closed loop management,striving to build a comprehensive ecosystem for the develop-ment of technology talents throughout the entire chain.

Objective To observe the effects of different ligation sites and fasting method on a C57BL/6J mouse model of partial bile duct ligation(pBDL)-induced cholestasis,to establish a pBDL modeling method with a high modeling rate,typical symptoms,and good stability.Methods C57BL/6J mice were subjected to selective ligation of the left hepatic bile duct(L-pBDL)and left-to-median bile duct junction ligation(ML-pBDL)for modeling,and the effects of different pBDL ligation method on serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase(ALP),total bilirubin,total bile acid,and liver histopathology were observed.The effects of different fasting method on symptoms and liver injury in the ML-pBDL model were also observed after fasting for 12 and 16 h before surgery,and for 4 h after surgery.Results(1)The incidence of jaundice in the ML-pBDL group was 52.94%and the survival rate within 3 weeks after surgery was 64.71%,while the incidence of jaundice in the L-pBDL group was 11.76%and the survival rate within 3 weeks after surgery was 82.35%.Compared with those in the sham surgery group,serum liver function indicators were significantly increased in the L-pBDL and ML-pBDL groups(P＜0.01),and ALP activity was significantly higher in the ML-pBDL group than in the L-pBDL group(P＜0.05).Compared with mice in the L-pBDL group,mice in the ML-pBDL group had more severe liver fibrosis at 3 weeks post-surgery(P＜0.01).(2)In addition,the incidence of jaundice in the 16 h fasting group was 93.33%and the survival rate within 3 weeks after surgery was 73.77%,while the incidence of jaundice in the 12 h fasting group was 42.86%and the survival rate within 3 weeks after surgery was 71.42%.Compared with those in the normal group,ALP activity,alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase ratio,total bile acid level,and proportion of collagen fiber area were all significantly increased in the 16 h and 12 h fasting groups(P＜0.05).Although the observed indicators were higher in the 16 h fasting group compared with those in the 12 h fasting group,the difference was not significant(P＞0.05).Mice in the 12 h and 16 h fasting groups both showed significant bile duct hyperplasia and liver fibrosis(P＜0.01),with more severe liver fibrosis in the 16 h fasting group(P＜0.01).Conclusions Both L-pBDL and ML-pBDL ligation method can be used to establish a mouse model of cholestasis;however,symptoms in the L-pBDL model only exhibit transient damage characteristics,while the liver lesions in the ML-pBDL model are typical and stable.Prolonging the preoperative fasting time can improve the modeling rate and stability of the ML-pBDL model and produce more-typical pathological symptoms.

Biological activity assay can effectively guarantee the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine,has a good application prospect in the quality detection of traditional Chinese medicine,and can be combined with other quality detection methods to establish a diversified quality control model of traditional Chinese medicine.However,there are also some shortcomings in the biological activity assay,which faces many challenges and needs further exploration and development.Based on the introduction of the basic contents of biological activity assay,the advantages and applications of biological activity assay compared with chemical analysis and traditional sensory evaluation methods in the quality detection of traditional Chinese medicine were discussed through searching and reading domestic and foreign papers in this article,in order to discuss the application and research progress of biological activity assay in the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine.