ObjectiveTo optimize the processing technology of honey bran-fried Rosae Laevigatae Fructus（h-RLF）， formulate relevant quality standards， and explore its improving effect and mechanism on mice with ulcerative colitis（UC） induced by dextran sodium sulfate（DSS）. MethodsTaking the content of polysaccharides and water-soluble extract as the indexes， L₉（3⁴） orthogonal test was used to optimize parameters of the amount of honey bran， frying time and frying temperature. The quality of 15 batches of h-RLF decoction pieces was evaluated according to the optimized process， and the inspection limit standard was preliminarily drawn up. Eighty SPF male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 8 groups， including the blank group， model group， mesalazine group（0.13 g·kg^-1）， RLF group（3.77 g·kg^-1）， bran-fried RLF group（3.77 g·kg^-1）， h-RLF low， medium and high dose groups（1.89， 3.77， 7.54 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. The mice in the blank group were free to drink pure water， and the other groups were free to drink 3% DSS solution for 7 days to prepare UC mouse model. Each treatment group was given corresponding drugs by intragastric administration， and the blank and model groups were given equal volume of normal saline. The body weight of mice was recorded daily and the disease activity index（DAI） was calculated. After the administration， the colon tissues of mice were collected to observe the pathological changes by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α， interleukin（IL）-1β， IL-6 and IL-10 in the colon of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of phosphorylation nuclear transcription factor-κB p65（p-NF-κB p65）， Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）， p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase（p-p38 MAPK）， p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase（p-ERK） and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase（p-JNK） proteins in colon tissues. ResultsThe optimum processing technology of h-RLF was 20 g honey bran per 100 g RLF， and stir-frying at 200 ℃ for 8 min. The limit standard under the examination of h-RLF was preliminarily formulated as follows：the polysaccharide content should not be less than 25% based on anhydrous glucose（C₆H₁₂O₆）， the content of water-soluble extract should not be less than 38%， the moisture content should not be more than 12.0%， the total ash content should not be more than 5.0%， and the acid-insoluble ash content should not be more than 1.0%. The cluster heat map analysis showed that the quality of RLF from Huanggang， Hubei province was better. Animal experiments showed that compared with the blank group， the DAI score of the model group was significantly increased， the levels of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6 in the colon tissue were significantly increased， the IL-10 level was significantly decreased， the colonic mucosa was seriously damaged， accompanied by a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration， tissue congestion and a significant reduction in glands， and the expression levels of p-NF-κB p65， TLR4， p-p38 MAPK， p-ERK and p-JNK proteins were significantly increased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， each administration group could alleviate the symptoms of colonic ulcer， the structure of colonic crypt was basically intact， and the glands were arranged in an orderly manner. Among them， the high-dose group of h-RLF had a better effect， which could significantly reduce the DAI score and the levels of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6 in colon tissue（P<0.01）， and significantly increase the level of IL-10（P<0.01）， alleviate the colonic mucosal injury， and effectively inhibit the expression levels of p-NF-κB p65， TLR4， p-p38 MAPK， p-ERK and p-JNK proteins（P<0.01）. ConclusionThe key parameters of the processing technology of h-RLF are determined， and the optimized technology is stable and feasible. The established quality standard is simple and reliable， and can be used for the quality control. h-RLF can effectively alleviate DSS-induced UC， and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of NF-κB/TLR4/MAPK pathway.

Objective:To investigate the differences in brain age and brain age gap (BAG) between patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoC) and healthy controls (HC).Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed; 43 patients with pDoC admitted to Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2020 to October 2022 were enrolled; 26 healthy volunteers recruited at the same time and 187 healthy subjects from the publicly available healthy control dataset Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample (NKI-RS) were chosen as HC group. The clinical and imaging data of these subjects were collected. A brain age estimation model was constructed based on amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) for healthy individuals, and the pDoC group was used as the test set. A two-sample t-test was used to compare the brain age and BAG differences between the pDoC group and HC group. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between BAG and coma recovery scale-revised (CRS-R) in the pDoC group. Results:The chronological age and estimated brain age in the HC group were (41.54±9.61) and (42.32±10.65) years, respectively, without significant difference ( t=-0.254, P=0.801). The chronological age and estimated brain age in the pDoC group were (49.91±12.03) and (62.79±15.00) years, respectively, with significant difference ( t=-4.341, P<0.001). The BAG in the HC and pDoC groups were (0.78±4.59) and (12.88±7.17) years, respectively, with significant difference ( t=-7.822, P<0.001). Correlation analysis results showed that in the pDoC patients, no correlation was noted between BAG and CRS-R score on the day of imaging scan or 6 months after the day of imaging scan ( r=0.090, P=0.738; r=0.205, P=0.674); no correlation was noted between BAG and difference in CRS-R score (difference value of CRS-R score 6 months after the day of imaging scan-CRS-R score on the day of imaging scan, r=0.246, P=0.687). Conclusion:Compared with the HC subjects, patients with pDoC exhibit an abnormal increase in brain age, suggesting that pDoC caused by severe brain injury may lead to accelerated brain aging.

Objective To analyze the differences in structural integrity of cerebral white matter fiber bundles in vegetative state(VS)patients with different prognoses,and to construct an early-stage prognostic prediction model for 1-year post-stabilization prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 52 VS patients admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University.Patients were stratified into good prognosis(n=22)and poor prognosis(n=30)at 1-year follow-up based on Coma Recovery Scale-Revised(CRS-R)scores.The fractional anisotropy values of cerebral white matter fiber bundles were derived from diffusion tensor imaging,and for the first time,the scores of the visual subscales of CRS-R were combined with FA values as input features for the prognostic model.To optimize model construction,the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was employed for feature screening,and synthetic minority over-sampling technique for data balancing.The prognostic prediction model was subsequently developed using a support vector machine algorithm and validated via leave-one-out cross-validation.Model performance was evaluated using area under receiver operating characteristic curve,along with accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,and F1 score metrics.Results Following LASSO regression feature screening,the pontine crossing tract,medial lemniscus,tapetum,splenium of corpus callosum,and visual subscale scores were identified as key predictors.A multimodal SVM-based prediction model constructed with the above features could effectively predict the 1-year prognosis of VS patients,achieving a high predictive performance(AUC=0.894).Conclusion The SVM-based model integrating FA values of specific white matter fiber bundles and visual subscale scores demonstrates excellent predictive performance in predicting the 1-year prognosis of VS patients.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of three-in-one procedure versus combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and anterolateral structure (ALS) reconstruction in patients with ACL reconstruction failure.Methods:A total of 32 patients who underwent revision ACL reconstruction from January 2020 to March 2023 were included. The ipsilateral semitendinosus tendon, gracilis tendons, and the anterior half of the ipsilateral peroneus longus tendon, were harvested to constitute the autograft. In patients in whom the ipsilateral semitendinosus and gracilis tendons were unavailable, the bilateral anterior halves of the peroneus longus tendons were utilised. The ACL+ALS group, with bigger transplant graft (diameter >8 mm, n=17; males 13, females 4; mean age 28.29±7.90 years), ACL combined with ALS reconstruction were performed. The three-in-one group ( n=15; males 8, females 7; mean age 29.53±6.73 years) underwent additional iliotibial band (ITB) transposition for grafts with diameter <8 mm (excluding ITB). Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and graft dimensions were compared. Graft healing was evaluated via postoperative MRI. Knee stability was evaluated via the Lachman test. Lysholm knee score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), and Tegner activity scale were compared preoperatively, 6-months postoperatively, and 12-months postoperatively, to assess knee function recovery. Results:Surgical parameters revealed that the ACL+ALS group had an operative time of 47.82±9.32 min, blood loss of 29.00±6.99 ml, graft diameter of 8.77±0.69 mm; three-in-one group had an operative time of 57.47±10.06 min, blood loss of 36.33±6.99 ml, graft diameter of 8.53±0.52 mm. Although graft diameter showed no significant intergroup difference ( t=1.065, P>0.05), the three-in-one group showed significantly longer operative times and greater blood loss ( t=2.815, P=0.009; t=2.746, P=0.010). The average follow-up time of the ACL+ALS group was 19.47±5.25 months (range, 12-28 months), whereas the three-in-one group was 20.40±6.50 months (range, 12-32 months). Postoperative MRI showed continuous and homogeneous graft signals in both groups at 6 and 12 months. Lachman test showed negative in 15 cases, grade I in 2 cases in the ACL+ALS group; and negative in 14 cases, grade I in 1 case in the three-in-one group. Both groups exhibited significant improvement from preoperative status ( P<0.001), with no intergroup difference ( P=1.000). Functional scores revealed that both groups showed significant improvement in Lysholm, IKDC, and Tegner scores at 6 and 12 months ( P<0.05 vs. preoperative), with no intergroup differences ( P>0.05). In KOOS subscales, the three-in-one group had significantly lower scores than the ACL+ALS group in pain (88.89±5.75 vs. 94.77±3.79 at 6 months; 89.26±5.93 vs. 96.41±3.22 at 12 months) and sports/recreation (71.33±12.32 vs. 83.53±9.31 at 6 months; 73.67±13.43 vs. 88.24±8.65 at 12 months; P<0.05). Conclusions:When the graft diameter is greater than or equal to 8 mm, both the three-in-one procedure and ACL combined with ALS reconstruction are effective for revision ACL reconstruction. However, patients who underwent three-in-one procedure experienced higher postoperative pain levels.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of three-in-one procedure versus combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and anterolateral structure (ALS) reconstruction in patients with ACL reconstruction failure.Methods:A total of 32 patients who underwent revision ACL reconstruction from January 2020 to March 2023 were included. The ipsilateral semitendinosus tendon, gracilis tendons, and the anterior half of the ipsilateral peroneus longus tendon, were harvested to constitute the autograft. In patients in whom the ipsilateral semitendinosus and gracilis tendons were unavailable, the bilateral anterior halves of the peroneus longus tendons were utilised. The ACL+ALS group, with bigger transplant graft (diameter >8 mm, n=17; males 13, females 4; mean age 28.29±7.90 years), ACL combined with ALS reconstruction were performed. The three-in-one group ( n=15; males 8, females 7; mean age 29.53±6.73 years) underwent additional iliotibial band (ITB) transposition for grafts with diameter <8 mm (excluding ITB). Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and graft dimensions were compared. Graft healing was evaluated via postoperative MRI. Knee stability was evaluated via the Lachman test. Lysholm knee score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), and Tegner activity scale were compared preoperatively, 6-months postoperatively, and 12-months postoperatively, to assess knee function recovery. Results:Surgical parameters revealed that the ACL+ALS group had an operative time of 47.82±9.32 min, blood loss of 29.00±6.99 ml, graft diameter of 8.77±0.69 mm; three-in-one group had an operative time of 57.47±10.06 min, blood loss of 36.33±6.99 ml, graft diameter of 8.53±0.52 mm. Although graft diameter showed no significant intergroup difference ( t=1.065, P>0.05), the three-in-one group showed significantly longer operative times and greater blood loss ( t=2.815, P=0.009; t=2.746, P=0.010). The average follow-up time of the ACL+ALS group was 19.47±5.25 months (range, 12-28 months), whereas the three-in-one group was 20.40±6.50 months (range, 12-32 months). Postoperative MRI showed continuous and homogeneous graft signals in both groups at 6 and 12 months. Lachman test showed negative in 15 cases, grade I in 2 cases in the ACL+ALS group; and negative in 14 cases, grade I in 1 case in the three-in-one group. Both groups exhibited significant improvement from preoperative status ( P<0.001), with no intergroup difference ( P=1.000). Functional scores revealed that both groups showed significant improvement in Lysholm, IKDC, and Tegner scores at 6 and 12 months ( P<0.05 vs. preoperative), with no intergroup differences ( P>0.05). In KOOS subscales, the three-in-one group had significantly lower scores than the ACL+ALS group in pain (88.89±5.75 vs. 94.77±3.79 at 6 months; 89.26±5.93 vs. 96.41±3.22 at 12 months) and sports/recreation (71.33±12.32 vs. 83.53±9.31 at 6 months; 73.67±13.43 vs. 88.24±8.65 at 12 months; P<0.05). Conclusions:When the graft diameter is greater than or equal to 8 mm, both the three-in-one procedure and ACL combined with ALS reconstruction are effective for revision ACL reconstruction. However, patients who underwent three-in-one procedure experienced higher postoperative pain levels.

Objective To analyze the differences in structural integrity of cerebral white matter fiber bundles in vegetative state(VS)patients with different prognoses,and to construct an early-stage prognostic prediction model for 1-year post-stabilization prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 52 VS patients admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University.Patients were stratified into good prognosis(n=22)and poor prognosis(n=30)at 1-year follow-up based on Coma Recovery Scale-Revised(CRS-R)scores.The fractional anisotropy values of cerebral white matter fiber bundles were derived from diffusion tensor imaging,and for the first time,the scores of the visual subscales of CRS-R were combined with FA values as input features for the prognostic model.To optimize model construction,the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was employed for feature screening,and synthetic minority over-sampling technique for data balancing.The prognostic prediction model was subsequently developed using a support vector machine algorithm and validated via leave-one-out cross-validation.Model performance was evaluated using area under receiver operating characteristic curve,along with accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,and F1 score metrics.Results Following LASSO regression feature screening,the pontine crossing tract,medial lemniscus,tapetum,splenium of corpus callosum,and visual subscale scores were identified as key predictors.A multimodal SVM-based prediction model constructed with the above features could effectively predict the 1-year prognosis of VS patients,achieving a high predictive performance(AUC=0.894).Conclusion The SVM-based model integrating FA values of specific white matter fiber bundles and visual subscale scores demonstrates excellent predictive performance in predicting the 1-year prognosis of VS patients.

Objective:To investigate the differences in brain age and brain age gap (BAG) between patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoC) and healthy controls (HC).Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed; 43 patients with pDoC admitted to Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2020 to October 2022 were enrolled; 26 healthy volunteers recruited at the same time and 187 healthy subjects from the publicly available healthy control dataset Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample (NKI-RS) were chosen as HC group. The clinical and imaging data of these subjects were collected. A brain age estimation model was constructed based on amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) for healthy individuals, and the pDoC group was used as the test set. A two-sample t-test was used to compare the brain age and BAG differences between the pDoC group and HC group. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between BAG and coma recovery scale-revised (CRS-R) in the pDoC group. Results:The chronological age and estimated brain age in the HC group were (41.54±9.61) and (42.32±10.65) years, respectively, without significant difference ( t=-0.254, P=0.801). The chronological age and estimated brain age in the pDoC group were (49.91±12.03) and (62.79±15.00) years, respectively, with significant difference ( t=-4.341, P<0.001). The BAG in the HC and pDoC groups were (0.78±4.59) and (12.88±7.17) years, respectively, with significant difference ( t=-7.822, P<0.001). Correlation analysis results showed that in the pDoC patients, no correlation was noted between BAG and CRS-R score on the day of imaging scan or 6 months after the day of imaging scan ( r=0.090, P=0.738; r=0.205, P=0.674); no correlation was noted between BAG and difference in CRS-R score (difference value of CRS-R score 6 months after the day of imaging scan-CRS-R score on the day of imaging scan, r=0.246, P=0.687). Conclusion:Compared with the HC subjects, patients with pDoC exhibit an abnormal increase in brain age, suggesting that pDoC caused by severe brain injury may lead to accelerated brain aging.

Polyphyllin Ⅰ(PPⅠ)and polyphyllin Ⅱ(PⅡ)are the main active substances in the Paris polyphylla.However,liver toxicity of these compounds has impeded their clinical application and the potential hepatotoxicity mechanisms remain to be elucidated.In this work,we found that PPⅠ and PⅡ exposure could induce significant hepatotoxicity in human liver cell line L-02 and zebrafish in a dose-dependent manner.The results of the proteomic analysis in L-02 cells and transcriptome in zebrafish indicated that the hepa-totoxicity of PPⅡ and PⅡwas associated with the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway disorders,which were alleviated by the cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor lovastatin.Additionally,3-hydroxy-3-methy-lglutaryl CoA reductase(HMGCR)and squalene epoxidase(SQLE),the two rate-limiting enzymes in the choles-terol synthesis,selected as the potential targets,were confirmed by the molecular docking,the over-expression,and knockdown of HMGCR or SQLE with siRNA.Finally,the pull-down and surface plasmon resonance technology revealed that PPⅠ could directly bind with SQLE but not with HMGCR.Collectively,these data demonstrated that PPⅠ-induced hepatotoxicity resulted from the direct binding with SQLE protein and impaired the sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2/HMGCR/SQLE/lanosterol synthase pathways,thus disturbing the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway.The findings of this research can contribute to a better understanding of the key role of SQLE as a potential target in drug-induced hepatotoxicity and provide a therapeutic strategy for the prevention of drug toxic effects with similar structures in the future.

OBJECTIVETo design and improve signal processing algorithms of ophthalmic ultrasonography based on FPGA.

METHODSAchieved three signal processing modules: full parallel distributed dynamic filter, digital quadrature demodulation, logarithmic compression, using Verilog HDL hardware language in Quartus II.

RESULTSCompared to the original system, the hardware cost is reduced, the whole image shows clearer and more information of the deep eyeball contained in the image, the depth of detection increases from 5 cm to 6 cm.

CONCLUSIONThe new algorithms meet the design requirements and achieve the system's optimization that they can effectively improve the image quality of existing equipment.

Objective To design and improve signal processing algorithms of ophthalmic ultrasonography based on FPGA. Methods Achieved three signal processing modules: full parallel distributed dynamic filter, digital quadrature demodulation, logarithmic compression, using Verilog HDL hardware language in Quartus II. Results Compared to the original system, the hardware cost is reduced, the whole image shows clearer and more information of the deep eyebal contained in the image, the depth of detection increases from 5 cm to 6 cm. Conclusion The new algorithms meet the design requirements and achieve the system’s optimization that they can effectively improve the image quality of existing equipment.