ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and possible mechanism of Wei's Huoxue Tongluo Formula （韦氏活血通络方，WHTF） in treating atrophic-stage non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy （NAION） with qi deficiency and blood stasis. MethodsA total of 82 atrophic-stage NAION patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group， with 41 cases in each group. The treatment group was given oral administration of WHTF twice a day plus acupoint injection of distilled water 2 ml at Taiyang （EX-HN5） once daily， while the control group received injection of compound anisodine injection 2 ml at Taiyang （EX-HN5） once daily and oral administration of WHTF placebo twice a day. Both groups received treatment for a course of 14 days. The best-corrected visual acuity （BCVA）， optic disc perfusion density （PD）， flux index （FI）， macular superficial PD， vascular density （VD）， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores were compared between groups before treatment and on day 7 and day 14 of treatment. Additionally， mean defect （MD） and mean sensitivity （MS） of visual fields were measured before treatment and on day 14， along with safety evaluation. ResultsAfter treatment， both groups showed significant improvement in BCVA， visual field MD and MS， and TCM syndrome scores （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. On day 14 of treatment， the TCM syndrome score in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P＜0.05）. There was no significant improvement in optic disc PD and FI， and macular superficial PD and VD after treatment in either group （P＞0.05） except that on day 7 the macular superficial foveal PD in the control group was significantly better than that in the treatment group （P＜0.05）. During the treatment period， no serious adverse events occurred in either group. ConclusionWHTF can improve the visual function indicators including visual acuity and visual field， as well as TCM syndrome scores in atrophic-stage NAION patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis. It shows clinical safety， although it does not appear to have a significant effect on optic disc or macular blood flow.

In recent years, the relationship between intestinal flora dysbiosis and abnormal bile acid metabolism and anxiety has received widespread attention. This article discussed the biological mechanism of the pathogenesis of anxiety from the perspective of intestinal flora and bile acid metabolism, in order to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for the TCM prevention and treatment of anxiety. According to TCM, spleen and stomach belong to earth, liver and gallbladder belong to wood, when spleen qi is healthy, the normal distribution of water and grain essence can be achieved, so that the liver can be nourished, qi and blood is sufficient, and its excretory function is normal, and the bile is sufficient. Once the spleen is not healthy, the distribution of water and grain essence is good, affecting the metabolism of fluids, resulting in phlegm and dampness, the qi is not smooth, can affect the liver's excretory function; liver and wood depression for a long time, transgressing the spleen and earth, qi and blood lack of biochemical sources, the formation of soil congestion and wood depression of the pathological phenomenon will appear. From the viewpoint of modern medicine and molecular biology, changes in the structure of intestinal flora affect the organism through neurological, endocrine, immune and metabolic pathways, which is consistent with the pathogenesis of "congestion of the earth"; disorders in the metabolism of bile acids can lead to changes in neurotransmitters and synaptic structure in the brain, causing anxiety symptoms, which is consistent with the characteristics of "wood depression". The bile acid metabolism disorder can cause neurotransmitter and synaptic structure changes in the brain, causing anxiety symptoms, which is consistent with the characteristics of "wood depression". It is important to regulate the intestinal flora and bile acid metabolism pathway to ease the liver and strengthen the spleen to improve anxiety.

Neurological diseases are common and frequent in clinical practices， which are the main reasons that affect the quality of life and physical and mental health of patients seriously. Tianma Goutengyin （TGY） is from the New Significance of Patterns and Treatment in Miscellaneous Diseases， which was compiled by a famous doctor， HU Guangci. TGY is widely used in clinical practice and has the effects of calming the liver and calming the wind， clearing heat and activating the blood， tranquilization， and nourishing the liver and kidneys. Clinical studies have confirmed that modified TGY can be used either alone or in combination with acupuncture or western medicine to treat dementia， headache， vertigo， hypertension， insomnia， Parkinson's disease， stroke， epilepsy， and other common neurological diseases， with significant curative effect， few side effects， and high safety. The main active constituents of single flavor drugs in the composition of TGY mainly include gastrodin， gastrodia elata blume polysaccharides， p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol， rhynchophylline， baicalein， leonurine， stachydrine， geniposide， 2，3，5，4，-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-Ο-β-D-glucoside， pinoresinol diglucoside， pachymic acid， β-ecdysteroid， avicularin， etc. It has been found that TGY and these constituents have the effects of ferroptosis inhibition， anti-apoptosis， anti-inflammation， and oxidation resistance， and they can regulate neurotransmitters and autophagy， reduce cerebral edema reduction， lower blood lipid and blood pressure， and improve blood circulation through multiple targets and pathways. This paper reviewed the clinical application of and the mechanism of the whole prescription and single flavor drugs of TGY in the treatment of neurological diseases， so as to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of TGY and offer ideas for the follow-up mechanism research of this prescription.

OBJECTIVE To clarify whether the thera-peutic effect of escitalopram on depression patients is cor-related with traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types,and to provide a basis for more accurate drug applica-tion.METHODS A total of 235 depression patients were recruited and classified according to traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation into 5 types:liver and qi stagnation(45),liver stagnation and fire transformation(43),liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency(79),heart and spleen deficiency(20),and liver and kidney deficiency(38).All patients were treated with escitalopram(10 mg·d-1)for eight weeks.The Montgomery Depression Rating Scale(MADRS)and the 17 Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD-17)were used to score before treatment and 2,4,and 8 weeks after treatment,respectively.RESULTS Compared with before treatment,the MADRS and HAMD-17 scores and remission rates of each syn-drome type significantly improved with increasing medica-tion duration.The MADRS score relief rate of liver and kidney deficiency type was the most significant(69.3%),significantly higher than the other four syndrome types(47.5%-52.6%,P<0.05);The remission rate of HAMD-17 score was significantly higher than that of heart and spleen deficiency(50.7%vs.28.5%,P＜0.05).The remis-sion rate of HAMD-17 score in liver and qi stagnation type(52.2%)was significantly higher than that in liver stagnation and spleen deficiency type(37.0%,P＜0.01)and heart spleen deficiency type(28.5%,P＜0.05).CON-CLUSION Escitalopram may have a more significant therapeutic effect on patients with liver and kidney defi-ciency and liver stagnation depression.This study pro-vides a new approach for the more effective and accu-rate application of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation in the selection of clinical antidepressants.

Background: The purpose of this research was to assess the role of heparanase (HPSE)/syndecan1 (SDC1)erve growth factor (NGF) on cancer pain from melanoma. Methods: The influence of HPSE on the biological function of melanoma cells and cancer pain in a mouse model was evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze HPSE and SDC1. HPSE, NGF, and SDC1 were detected using western blot. Inflammatory factors were detected using ELISA assay. Results: HPSE promoted melanoma cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth, as well as cancer pain, while SST0001 treatment reversed the promoting effect of HPSE. HPSE up-regulated NGF, and NGF feedback promoted HPSE. High expression of NGF reversed the inhibitory effect of HPSE down-regulation on melanoma cell phenotype deterioration, including cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion. SST0001 down-regulated SDC1 expression. SDC1 reversed the inhibitory effect of SST0001 on cancer pain. Conclusions The results showed that HPSE promoted melanoma development and cancer pain by interacting with NGF/SDC1. It provides new insights to better understand the role of HPSE in melanoma and also provides a new direction for cancer pain treatment.

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes(MELAS) is one of the most common inherited mitochondrial diseases. This paper reports a rare mutation associated with MELAS syndrome, the m. 3252 A>G mutation in the MT-TL1 gene encoding the mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR). The 6-year-old girl suffered from recurrent convulsion and lactic acidemia. The mtDNA sequencing detected a variant m. 3252A>G(MT-TL1 gene) in the proband and her maternal relatives. The heteroplasmic levels in peripheral blood and urine sediment were 66.53% and 97.42%, respectively, which were obviously higher than those of her maternal relatives. Together with 3 previously reported cases, the variant m. 3252A>G could be classified pathogenic. All the reported pathogenic variants in MT-TL1 gene were reviewed to explore the genotype-phenotype correlations of pathogenic variants in MT-TL1 gene.

Professor learnt from several famous acupuncturists and develops his own manipulations based on his teachers' clinical thoughts and family manipulations. "" is for cervical spondylosis and cerebrovascular diseases, etc, the description including Fengfu (GV 16), Fengchi (GB 20), Tianzhu (BL 10), Yifeng (TE 17) and Wangu (GB 12). "" is for the syndromes of hyperactivity of liver , upper heat and lower cold, and the acupoints are Taichong (LR 3), Xiangu (ST 43), Xiaxi (GB 43) and the point in the dorso-ventral boundary after fingerweb edge between the 3rd and 4th toes. "" can improve local loop and pharyngeal function with Lianquan (CV 23) and Panglianquan (Extra), 1 besides Lianquan (CV 23). The traditional manipulations of "" is for stomach and abdomen diseases with Zhongwan (CV 12) and Xiawan (CV 10) in abdomen, and professor believes that it can treat mental illness which is the same treatment for different diseases.

Chitosan (CS) is a natural,non-toxic biopolymer mainly made from the deacetylation of chitin. Chitosan has good bio-compatibility with unique antioxidant and biodegradable properties. Due to the poor solubility of chitosan in neutral or alkalinized media,the application of chitosan is restricted. Thus,numerous chitosan derivatives have been developed through chemical modifica-tions to broaden the application scope and improve its value. Chitosan and its derivatives with antioxidant activity have shown superior medical value in recent years. In this paper,several modification methods of chitosan were reviewed. In addition,the research progress in chitosan and its derivatives as antioxidants was introduced.

AIM:To establish and characterize the patient-derived esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma xeno-graft (PDECX) in mice.METHODS:The samples of human esophageal cancer were grafted into severe combined immu-nodeficient ( SCID) mice.The xenografts were transferred to SCID mice when the first passage of xenografts grew up .The growth of tumors in the first, second and third passages was observed .HE staining was performed.The expression of CK5/6, p63 and p40 in the patient samples , and the first and third passages of the xenografts were detected by immunohisto-chemical analysis.The expression of mTOR, p-mTOR, p70S6K, p-p70S6K, Akt1, p-Akt (Ser473), Erk1/2 and p-Erk1/2 were determined by Western blot .RESULTS:The PDECX was successfully established .The positive expression of CK5/6, p63 and p40 in the xenografts was consistent with that in the patients ’ samples.The levels of phosphorylated and total proteins of proliferation-related signaling pathways were different in the xenografts from different patients .CONCLU-SION:The PDECX model adequately reflects the tumal heterogeneity that is observed in the patients .

Objective To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of dual energy CT myocardial iodine maps in detecting acute myocardial infarction in canine model. Methods Myocardial ischemia model was made by ligaturing left anterior descending coronary arteries (LAD) after thoracotomy in six dogs, while another 3 dogs undergoing thoracotomy not ligaturing LAD as control group. Before and three hours after operation, dual-source CT (DSCT) was performed, followed by resting 99Tcm-MIBI single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging. Then, dogs were sacrificed, and the hearts were removed, triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and conventional HE staining were performed. CT number of non-ischemic and ischemic regions were measured and analyzed. The wall of the left ventricle in the short axis was divided into 17 segments, the segments of myocardial perfusion defect in DSCT myocardial iodine maps, SPECT, and pathology were determined. Student t test was used to analyze the difference of CT number between infarcted and non-infarcted myocardium. Kappa test was used for the accuracy of DSCT myocardial iodine maps and SPECT in detecting myocardial ischemia according to the pathological results. Results No abnormal regions were detected using DSCT myocardial iodine maps in preoperative control and infarction group. After thoracotomy, partial sparse or defective perfusion was consistently noted in six dogs' apical anterior and partition wall in both DSCT myocardial iodine maps and SPECT. In the infarcted group, the attenuation of infarction region (34.75 ± 16.66) HU was significantly decreased compared with preoperative measurements ( 123. 18 ± 15.38 ) HU ( t = 10. 526, P ＜ 0. 01 ); decreased perfusion in the infarcted region was also noted in the DSCT myocardial iodine maps and SPECT. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of DSCT myocardial iodine maps and SPECT were 85.0% (34/40) , 84. 1% (95/113) ,65.4% (34/52) ,94. 0%(95/101) ,and 82. 5% (33/40), 90. 3% ( 102/113 ) ,75.0% (33/44) ,93.6% ( 102/109 ), respectively.Kappa values were 0. 63 and 0. 71 for the agreement of DSCT myocardial iodine maps and SPECT.Conclusion DSCT myocardial iodine maps is comparable diagnostic accuracy with rest SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in detection of acute myocardial infarction in a canine model.