BACKGROUND:Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative disease that has become one of the most common and frequent diseases threatening human health.At present,the initial diagnosis of the cervical spine and its surrounding structures mainly relies on the interpretation of medical images by radiologists,which not only requires a high level of technical requirements for operators,but also has the disadvantages of strong subjectivity,high labor intensity,and low efficiency.With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,its powerful data processing and image recognition capabilities have shown broad application prospects in the medical field.Deep learning has also made certain progress in the research of spinal diseases.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current status and research progress in the application of artificial intelligence technology in cervical spine imaging images in recent years,evaluating the performance of artificial intelligence models as well as future trends and challenges to be overcome.METHODS:The first author searched the relevant articles in WanFang,CNKI,and PubMed in June 2024.The Chinese search terms were"artificial intelligence,deep learning,cervical spine."English serach terms were"artificial intelligence,Al,cervical vertebrae,cervical."Finally,101 articles were included and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Artificial intelligence technology can realize automatic segmentation of cervical vertebrae and measurement of curvature change by segmentation,classification,landmarks recognition of medical image parts,detect cervical vertebral fracture,nerve root,and spinal cord type cervical spondylosis,identify cervical spine ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,and predict post-surgery related risk factors and cervical vertebra maturation classification.(2)Although artificial intelligence technology has shown great potential in the field of cervical spine research,it is still in the early stages of exploration and rapid development,with unlimited room for development and innovation.

BACKGROUND:Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative disease that has become one of the most common and frequent diseases threatening human health.At present,the initial diagnosis of the cervical spine and its surrounding structures mainly relies on the interpretation of medical images by radiologists,which not only requires a high level of technical requirements for operators,but also has the disadvantages of strong subjectivity,high labor intensity,and low efficiency.With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,its powerful data processing and image recognition capabilities have shown broad application prospects in the medical field.Deep learning has also made certain progress in the research of spinal diseases.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current status and research progress in the application of artificial intelligence technology in cervical spine imaging images in recent years,evaluating the performance of artificial intelligence models as well as future trends and challenges to be overcome.METHODS:The first author searched the relevant articles in WanFang,CNKI,and PubMed in June 2024.The Chinese search terms were"artificial intelligence,deep learning,cervical spine."English serach terms were"artificial intelligence,Al,cervical vertebrae,cervical."Finally,101 articles were included and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Artificial intelligence technology can realize automatic segmentation of cervical vertebrae and measurement of curvature change by segmentation,classification,landmarks recognition of medical image parts,detect cervical vertebral fracture,nerve root,and spinal cord type cervical spondylosis,identify cervical spine ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,and predict post-surgery related risk factors and cervical vertebra maturation classification.(2)Although artificial intelligence technology has shown great potential in the field of cervical spine research,it is still in the early stages of exploration and rapid development,with unlimited room for development and innovation.

Objective To explore the role of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the therapeutic mechanism of Liangxue Jiedu Huayu Formula(LXJDHYF)for acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)in mice.Methods Thirty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank control group,model group,low-and high-dose LXJDHYF groups,and H151(a specific cGAS-STING pathway inhibitor)group(n=6).In all but the control group,the mice were treated with CC14 to induce liver cirrhosis followed by intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide and D-amino galactose to establish mouse models of ACLF.After the treatments,the mouse livers were collected for HE and TUNEL staining,and serum levels of ALT,AST and TBil were determined.In bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDMs)and liver tissues of ACLF mice,the expressions of cGAS-STING signaling pathway-related mRNAs including IFN-β,ISG15,IL-6 and TNF-α were determined with RT-qPCR,and the phosphorylation levels of IRF3 and STING proteins were investigated using Western blotting.Results Compared with the mice in the model group,the LXJDHYF-treated mice exhibited milder hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver with significantly reduced hepatocyte apoptosis.LXJDHYF treatment also significantly lowered serum levels of ALT,AST,TBil,IL-6 and TNF-α in ACLF mice and effectively suppressed the expressions of cGAS-STING signaling pathway-related mRNA in both the BMDMs and the liver tissues and the phosphorylation of IRF3 and STING proteins in the BMDMs.Conclusion LXJDHYF can significantly improve liver function and attenuate inflammation in ACLF mice possibly by inhibiting excessive activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the role of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the therapeutic mechanism of Liangxue Jiedu Huayu Formula (LXJDHYF) for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in mice. METHODS: Thirty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, low- and high-dose LXJDHYF groups, and H151 (a specific cGAS-STING pathway inhibitor) group (n=6). In all but the control group, the mice were treated with CCl₄ to induce liver cirrhosis followed by intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide and D-amino galactose to establish mouse models of ACLF. After the treatments, the mouse livers were collected for HE and TUNEL staining, and serum levels of ALT, AST and TBil were determined. In bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and liver tissues of ACLF mice, the expressions of cGAS-STING signaling pathway-related mRNAs including IFN‑β, ISG15, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined with RT-qPCR, and the phosphorylation levels of IRF3 and STING proteins were investigated using Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the mice in the model group, the LXJDHYF-treated mice exhibited milder hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver with significantly reduced hepatocyte apoptosis. LXJDHYF treatment also significantly lowered serum levels of ALT, AST, TBil, IL-6 and TNF-α in ACLF mice and effectively suppressed the expressions of cGAS-STING signaling pathway-related mRNA in both the BMDMs and the liver tissues and the phosphorylation of IRF3 and STING proteins in the BMDMs. CONCLUSIONS LXJDHYF can significantly improve liver function and attenuate inflammation in ACLF mice possibly by inhibiting excessive activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway.
Animals ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Mice ; Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure/etiology* ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/metabolism* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Male

Objective:To investigate the antibacterial efficacy of allicin effective component,dially trisulfide(DATS),on the biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis(E.faecalis)in vitro.Methods:60 healthy single root canal permanent teeth were selected.After cleaning and autoclaving,15 teeth without infection were used in the negative control group,45 teeth were contaminated by E.faecalis and incubated for 28 days as the infection models and devided into 3 groups(n=15)as below:DATS group,Calcium hydroxide group and positive(without antibacteria treatment)control group.The minial inhibition concentration(MIC)and minial bactericidal concentrition(MBC)of DATS on E.feacalis were studied with doubling diluting method.At the day 1,2 and 7 of the exprement,the 4 mg of root canal in-ner dentin powder,5 specimens of each group were sespectively transfered into sterile bottle containing 2 mL BHI broth and cultured at 37 ℃ 5％CO2 for 72 h,the turbitity of the upper layer of liquid of the culture was measured.Results:MIC and MBC(μg/mL)of DATS to E.feacalis was 2 560 and 5 120 repsectively.At the first day,turbidity in the DATS group was the lowest(P＜0.05).At the third day,turbidity showed no difference between DATS group and negative control group(P=0.454).At the 7th day,between calcium hydroxide and the negative control group,P＜0.05.Conclusion:DATS may suppress E.faecalis in the biofilm in vitro.

In recent years, the State has intensified efforts to develop folk Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Shaanxi Province is a large province with rich TCM resources. However, the certificate holding rate of folk TCM in Shaanxi is low, the inheritance of medical skills is not optimistic; the core skills of folk TCM are lack of protection; the traditional folk diagnosis and treatment technology is lack of corresponding standards, and the clinical promotion is difficult, which makes the advantages of folk TCM not fully play. It was suggested that strengthen the assessment of Shaanxi Province’s real expertise, take measures to promote the inheritance, enhance the intellectual property protection of folk TCM in the province, intensify the research and formulation of local folk TCM screening and evaluation standards, and vigorously promote the clinical application of folk TCM in the province, so as to promote the inheritance, protection and development of folk TCM in Shaanxi Province.

Objective:To examine influencing factors for social support satisfaction among disabled elderly people at home in rural areas and to provide evidence for policies on further improving the level of social support and the quality of care for disabled elderly people.Methods:We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey with 211 disabled elderly people, using a random sampling method in 6 villages and towns in the Southern, Northern and Guanzhong areas of Shaanxi province from June to October 2020.An ordinal logistic regression model was adopted to analyze influencing factors for social support satisfaction among the participants.Results:The survey results indicated that, of the 211 disabled elderly people, 49(23.22%)were unsatisfied with social support, 110(52.13%)were generally satisfied, and 52(24.65%)were satisfied.Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that the degree of disability, the number of chronic diseases, with or without hospitalization in 2019, the most important daily caregiver, the time needed to the nearest medical institution, and relationships with family members were important factors influencing social support satisfaction for disabled elderly people(all P<0.05).For the elderly with disability, female, a low degree of disability, no hospitalization in 2019, the spouse as the most important caregiver, and a short time needed to the nearest medical institution tended to be associated with a high level of social support satisfaction( OR=2.07, 71.52, 30.75 and 19.22, respectively).Poor relationships with family members were associated with a low level of social support satisfaction( OR=0.39). Conclusions:The satisfaction of disabled elderly people with social support is at a moderate level.For elderly people with disability, the degree of disability, the number of chronic diseases, recent hospitalization, the most important daily caregivers, the time needed to the nearest medical institution, and relationships with family members are important influencing factors for social support satisfaction.

Objective:Both exposure to heavy metals and alcohol intake have been related to the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).In this study,we aimed to assess the potential interactions between metal exposure and alcohol intake on the risk of T2D and prediabetes in a cohort of Chinese male workers.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 26,008 Chinese male workers in an occupational cohort study from 2011 to 2013.We assessed metal exposure and alcohol consumption at baseline in these workers who were aged ≥20 years.Based on occupations which were categorized according to measured urine metal levels,multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the independent and joint effects of metal and alcohol exposure on the risk of T2D and prediabetes.Results:Risks of T2D (Ptrend =0.001) and prediabetes (Ptrend =0.001) were significantly elevated with increasing number of standard drinks per week,years of drinking,and lifetime alcohol consumption.An adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 6.1 (95％ confidence interval [CI]:4.8-7.8) was observed for the smelting/refining workers (highest metal exposure levels) who had the highest lifetime alcohol consumption (＞873 kg) (Pinteraction =0.018),whereas no statistically significant joint effect was found for prediabetes (Pinteraction =0.515).Conclusions:Both exposures to metal and heavy alcohol intake were associated with the risk of diabetes in this large cohort of male workers.There was a strong interaction between these two exposures in affecting diabetes risk that needs to be confirmed in future studies.

Objective:Both exposure to heavy metals and alcohol intake have been related to the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).In this study,we aimed to assess the potential interactions between metal exposure and alcohol intake on the risk of T2D and prediabetes in a cohort of Chinese male workers.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 26,008 Chinese male workers in an occupational cohort study from 2011 to 2013.We assessed metal exposure and alcohol consumption at baseline in these workers who were aged ≥20 years.Based on occupations which were categorized according to measured urine metal levels,multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the independent and joint effects of metal and alcohol exposure on the risk of T2D and prediabetes.Results:Risks of T2D (Ptrend =0.001) and prediabetes (Ptrend =0.001) were significantly elevated with increasing number of standard drinks per week,years of drinking,and lifetime alcohol consumption.An adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 6.1 (95％ confidence interval [CI]:4.8-7.8) was observed for the smelting/refining workers (highest metal exposure levels) who had the highest lifetime alcohol consumption (＞873 kg) (Pinteraction =0.018),whereas no statistically significant joint effect was found for prediabetes (Pinteraction =0.515).Conclusions:Both exposures to metal and heavy alcohol intake were associated with the risk of diabetes in this large cohort of male workers.There was a strong interaction between these two exposures in affecting diabetes risk that needs to be confirmed in future studies.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the validity of robotic surgery (RS) for pediatric choledochal cyst (CC) in comparison to open surgery (OS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2009 to April 2013, clinical data from 79 consecutive pediatric patients with CC, who underwent RS (n=36) or OS (n=43) performed by a single pediatric surgeon, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: In the RS group, the age of the patients was significantly older, compared to the OS group. Operation and anesthesia times were significantly longer in the RS group than the OS group. Fluid input rates to maintain the same urine output were significantly smaller in the RS group than the OS group. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, length of postoperative hospital stay, and the incidence of surgical complications did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Although early complications could not be avoided during the development of robotic surgical techniques, RS for pediatric CC showed results comparable to those for OS. We believe that RS may be a valid and alternative surgery for pediatric CC. After further development of robotic surgical systems and advancement of surgical techniques therewith, future prospective studies may reveal more positive results.
Age Distribution ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Choledochal Cyst/*surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/*methods ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; *Robotics ; Treatment Outcome