Symptom and syndrome efficacy evaluation scales are indispensable tools for clinical efficacy assessment in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， and hold significant value at all stages of new drug research development for spleen and stomach diseases. These scales can provide scientific basis for clinical positioning， efficacy evaluation， and expansion of indications of new drugs. By analyzing the current hotspots and difficulties in research， this study aims to explore the important significance of these scales in the development of new drugs for spleen and stomach diseases， summarize the domestic research progress， and conduct comparative analyses with international studies. Future development trends are also discussed in order to promote the application of symptom and syndrome efficacy evaluation scales in the development of new drugs for spleen and stomach diseases and to advance the moder-nization process of TCM.

For TCM to go global,while carrying forward its own characteristics,it should also build a set of measurement methods recognized by the international medical field.PRO scale is more and more widely used in the field of traditional Chinese medicine because there are many confluence points between PRO scale and TCM connotation.The patient-reported outcomes measurement information system(PROMIS)provides a reference for the development of PRO scales in the field of TCM.We can learn from the methods and models relied on by PROMIS and build a PRO evaluation system for TCM diseases based on TCM culture,so as to promote the standardization,standardization and modernization of TCM.

Our acupuncture-moxibustion(Acu-Moxi)field has entered an era of digital and intelligent transformation,yet systematic and in-depth development remains limited.This article aims to provide an overview and reflection on the digital and intelligent progress of Acu-Moxi in China,offering systematic insights for the comprehensive development of this field.Through a retrieval from CNKI,VIP,and Wanfang databases,along with a discussion of relevant policies,case studies,achievements,and updates,the study evaluated the current advancements in the digitization and intelligence of Acu-Moxi,also discussing the current advantages and challenges.Findings revealed an overall upward trend in publications related to digital-intelligent technologies in Acu-Moxi,key forms including robotics,acupuncture point digitization,smart acupuncture devices,and clinical decision-making models,highlighting the empowering potential of digital intelligence across the discipline.Recently,publications of the Acu-Moxi digitization has decreased sharply,and the number of Acu-Moxi research about digital and intelligent transformation has increased.In conclusion,the field has undergone a transition from comprehensive digital accumulation to increasing intelligence,moving toward integrated digital-intelligent development.However,the internal development of digital and intelligent Acu-Moxi remains uneven.To achieve a harmonious intelligent Acu-Moxi ecosystem,it is crucial to leverage opportunities of discipline and times for systematic and balanced improvement.

Our acupuncture-moxibustion(Acu-Moxi)field has entered an era of digital and intelligent transformation,yet systematic and in-depth development remains limited.This article aims to provide an overview and reflection on the digital and intelligent progress of Acu-Moxi in China,offering systematic insights for the comprehensive development of this field.Through a retrieval from CNKI,VIP,and Wanfang databases,along with a discussion of relevant policies,case studies,achievements,and updates,the study evaluated the current advancements in the digitization and intelligence of Acu-Moxi,also discussing the current advantages and challenges.Findings revealed an overall upward trend in publications related to digital-intelligent technologies in Acu-Moxi,key forms including robotics,acupuncture point digitization,smart acupuncture devices,and clinical decision-making models,highlighting the empowering potential of digital intelligence across the discipline.Recently,publications of the Acu-Moxi digitization has decreased sharply,and the number of Acu-Moxi research about digital and intelligent transformation has increased.In conclusion,the field has undergone a transition from comprehensive digital accumulation to increasing intelligence,moving toward integrated digital-intelligent development.However,the internal development of digital and intelligent Acu-Moxi remains uneven.To achieve a harmonious intelligent Acu-Moxi ecosystem,it is crucial to leverage opportunities of discipline and times for systematic and balanced improvement.

For TCM to go global,while carrying forward its own characteristics,it should also build a set of measurement methods recognized by the international medical field.PRO scale is more and more widely used in the field of traditional Chinese medicine because there are many confluence points between PRO scale and TCM connotation.The patient-reported outcomes measurement information system(PROMIS)provides a reference for the development of PRO scales in the field of TCM.We can learn from the methods and models relied on by PROMIS and build a PRO evaluation system for TCM diseases based on TCM culture,so as to promote the standardization,standardization and modernization of TCM.

Clinical practice guidelines represent the best recommendations for patient care. They are developed through systematically reviewing currently available clinical evidence and weighing the relative benefits and risks of various interventions. However, clinical practice guidelines have to go through a long translation cycle from development and revision to clinical promotion and application, facing problems such as scattered distribution, high duplication rate, and low actual utilization. At present, the clinical practice guideline information platform can directly or indirectly solve the problems related to the lengthy revision cycles, decentralized dissemination and limited application of clinical practice guidelines. Therefore, this paper systematically examines different types of clinical practice guideline information platforms and investigates their corresponding challenges and emerging trends in platform design, data integration, and practical implementation, with the aim of clarifying the current status of this field and providing valuable reference for future research on clinical practice guideline information platforms.

Objective To investigate the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution and body composition such as visceral fat in overweight and obese individuals.Methods A total of 320 overweight/obese patients who visited the Preventive Treatment Center of Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between September 15,2023,and September 14,2024,were selected as study subjects.Among them,135 were classified into the overweight group and 185 into the obese group.Data were collected using the TCM Constitution Questionnaire and a body composition analyzer(InBody570).The differences in TCM constitution distribution between the overweight and obese groups,as well as between genders,were compared.The correlation between TCM constitution types and body composition parameters was analyzed.Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for biased constitutions in the overweight/obese population.Results Among the 320 overweight/obese patients,phlegm-damp constitution(56.25％)and damp-heat constitution(40.31％)were the most predominant biased constitutions.The proportions of blood stasis constitution,qi depression constitution,and inherited special constitution in females were significantly higher than those in males(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),with the risk of qi depression constitution in females being 6.028 times higher than that in males(P＜0.01).Yang deficiency constitution was positively correlated with protein content but negatively correlated with skeletal muscle mass and body fat mass(P＜0.05).The proportion of blood stasis constitution in the overweight group was higher than that in the obese group(P＜0.01).In overweight/obese individuals with blood stasis constitution,the risk of excessive visceral fat was 2.658 times as high as those without excessive visceral fat.Blood stasis constitution was positively correlated with body fat mass,bone mineral content,intracellular water,and skeletal muscle mass index(SMI),but was negatively correlated with body mass index(BMI)and body cell mass(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Coclusion For overweight and obese populations,special attention should be paid to the management of visceral fat in individuals with blood stasis constitution and to emotional intervention in females.A staged and precise prevention and treatment strategy should be developed by integrating TCM constitution and body composition indicators.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum plasma membrane vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP) levels and metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with T2DM. Methods Atotal of 255 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) went to Gansu Provincial Hospital from September 2023 to March 2024 were selected in this study,and were divided into T2DM alone group (n=141) and the T2DM combined with MAFLD group (n=114) according to whether they were combined with MAFLD or not.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum PLVAP and other indexes,multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of serum PLVAP,and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of MAFLD in T2DM patients. The early diagnostic value of serum PLVAP on MAFLD in patients with T2DM by analyzing the receiver's operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Results Compared with the MAFLD group,BMI,WC,FPG,C-P,HOMA-IR,TG,AST,ALT,GGT,hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and phytohaemagglutinin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) were decreased in the T2DM group (P<0.05).DM duration,HDL-C,AST/ALT and PLVAP were elevated (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that PLVAP was positively correlated with AST/ALT (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with WC,DBP,C-P,ALT,GGT and HSI (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that WC was an influencing factor for PLVAP.Logistic regression analysis showed that DM duration,WC,TG,PLVAP,LOX-1 were influencing factors for MAFLD. Analysis of the subjects' work characteristics (ROC) curve showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.785,with a sensitivity of 81.6％ and a specificity of 67.4％. Conclusions Reduced PLVAP is a risk factor for comorbid MAFLD in patients with T2DM and is important for predicting the co-existence of MAFLD in patients with T2DM.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum plasma membrane vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP) levels and metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with T2DM. Methods Atotal of 255 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) went to Gansu Provincial Hospital from September 2023 to March 2024 were selected in this study,and were divided into T2DM alone group (n=141) and the T2DM combined with MAFLD group (n=114) according to whether they were combined with MAFLD or not.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum PLVAP and other indexes,multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of serum PLVAP,and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of MAFLD in T2DM patients. The early diagnostic value of serum PLVAP on MAFLD in patients with T2DM by analyzing the receiver's operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Results Compared with the MAFLD group,BMI,WC,FPG,C-P,HOMA-IR,TG,AST,ALT,GGT,hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and phytohaemagglutinin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) were decreased in the T2DM group (P<0.05).DM duration,HDL-C,AST/ALT and PLVAP were elevated (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that PLVAP was positively correlated with AST/ALT (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with WC,DBP,C-P,ALT,GGT and HSI (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that WC was an influencing factor for PLVAP.Logistic regression analysis showed that DM duration,WC,TG,PLVAP,LOX-1 were influencing factors for MAFLD. Analysis of the subjects' work characteristics (ROC) curve showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.785,with a sensitivity of 81.6％ and a specificity of 67.4％. Conclusions Reduced PLVAP is a risk factor for comorbid MAFLD in patients with T2DM and is important for predicting the co-existence of MAFLD in patients with T2DM.

ObjectiveTo explore the suitability of four qualitative research methods in the development of TCM scale. MethodsTaking the development of "Seven Emotions Scale" as an example， we conducted semi-structured interviews with 31 patients of emotional disorders and 10 healthy people by objective sampling， and collected psychological feelings and emotional cognition data related to seven emotions according to the interview outline. Two qualitative methods， descriptive qualitative research and descriptive phenomenology， were used to analyze the data and construct the item library of the scale. The conceptual framework of the scale was constructed by using commonly used grounded theory and frame analysis. ResultsDuring data analysis， it is found that the themes extracted from descriptive phenomenology were not easily understood by the interviewees， and it is difficult for the researchers to truly achieve the "suspension" required by phenomenology. Considering the feasibility and convenience of the researchers' actual operation， as well as whether the initial purpose of the scale research can be intuitively included in the interviewees' views and feelings， descriptive phenomenology is not suitable for the formation of scale items. Using descriptive qualitative research method to analyze the interview data of healthy people and patients with emotional disorders， 306 and 476 scale items were obtained respectively. Through grounded theory， five selective codes were obtained： physical symptoms， external manifestations， psychological feelings， behaviors and emotional control. Using frame analysis， four themes including physical symptoms， psychological feelings， behavior and emotional cognition were constructed. Both methods can be used to construct the conceptual frame of scale， but the framework analysis is more convenient and can better ensure the transparency of the research. ConclusionDescriptive qualitative research methods can be used to form the item library of TCM scales. Framework analysis is more suitable for the construction of the conceptual framework of the scale than grounded theory， while descriptive phenomenology is not suitable for the development of TCM scales.