OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of comprehensive rhinoplasty with autogenous costal cartilage grafting and prosthesis augmentation rhinoplasty in the treatment of secondary nasal deformity with saddle nasal deformity after cleft lip surgery. METHODS: The clinical data of 96 patients with secondary nasal deformity with saddle nasal deformity after cleft lip surgery between September 2008 and January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 17 males and 79 females with an average age of 25.6 years (range, 17-38 years). Autogenous costal cartilage grafts were used to construct stable nasal tip framework and enhance the strength of alar cartilage. Nasal dorsum prostheses (39 cases of bulge, 45 cases of silicone prosthesis) or autogenous costal cartilage (12 cases) were used for comprehensive rhinoplasty. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to evaluate the postoperative satisfaction subjectively, and nasal alar height symmetry index, nasal alar width symmetry index, nasal dorsum central axis deviation angle, and nasal columella deviation angle were calculated to evaluate objectively before and after operation. RESULTS: All patients were followed up 6 months to 8 years, with an average of 13.4 months. Nasal septal hematoma occurred in 3 patients after operation, which was improved after local aspiration and nasal pressure packing. Two cases had mild deformation of the rib cartilage graft of the nasal dorsum, one of which had no obvious deviation of the nasal dorsum and was not given special treatment, and one case underwent the cartilage graft of the nasal dorsum removed and replaced with silicone prosthesis. The incisions of the other patients healed by first intention, and there was no complication such as postoperative infection and prosthesis displacement. The nasal alar height symmetry index, nasal alar width symmetry index, nasal dorsum central axis deviation angle, and nasal columella deviation angle significantly improved after operation when compared with preoperative ones ( P<0.05). Postoperative subjective satisfaction evaluation reached the level of basic satisfaction or above, and most of them were very satisfied. CONCLUSION Comprehensive rhinoplasty using autologous rib cartilage grafting to construct a stable nasal tip support, combined with dorsal nasal prosthesis or autologous cartilage implantation, can achieve good effectiveness on secondary nasal deformity with saddle nasal deformity after cleft lip surgery.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Rhinoplasty ; Cleft Lip/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Nose/surgery* ; Nasal Septum/surgery* ; Nasal Cartilages/surgery* ; Silicones ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To prepare customized porous silicone orbital implants using embedded 3D printing and assess the effect of surface modification on the properties of the implants. METHODS: The transparency, fluidity and rheological properties of the supporting media were tested to determine the optimal printing parameters of silicone. The morphological changes of silicone after modification were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of silicone surface were evaluated by measuring the water contact angle. The compression modulus of porous silicone was measured using compression test. Porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAOECs) were co-cultured with porous silicone scaffolds for 1, 3 and 5 days to test the biocompatibility of silicone. The local inflammatory response to subcutaneous porous silicone implants was evaluated in rats. RESULTS: The optimal printing parameters of silicone orbital implants were determined as the following: supporting medium 4% (mass ratio), printing pressure 1.0 bar and printing speed 6 mm/s. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the silicone surface was successfully modified with polydopamine and collagen, which significantly improved hydrophilicity of the silicone surface (P < 0.05) without causing significant changes in the compression modulus (P > 0.05). The modified porous silicone scaffold had no obvious cytotoxicity and obviously promoted adhesion and proliferation of PAOECs (P < 0.05). In rats bearing the subcutaneous implants, no obvious inflammation was observed in the local tissue. CONCLUSION Poprous silicone orbital implants with uniform pores can be prepared using embedded 3D printing technology, and surface modification obviously improves hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the silicone implants for potential clinical application.
Animals ; Rats ; Swine ; Silicon ; Orbital Implants ; Endothelial Cells ; Porosity ; Silicones ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Bronchoscopy ; Humans ; Infant ; Silicones ; Stents ; Tracheobronchomalacia/surgery*

PURPOSE: To report a case of retinal toxicity after an intravitreal ganciclovir injection to treat acute retinal necrosis in an eye filled with silicone oil.CASE SUMMARY: A 56-year-old male presented with ocular pain and visual loss in his right eye. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25, inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber, multiple retinitis lesions and retinal vessel occlusions in the peripheral retina and vitreous opacity were showed. Acute retinal necrosis was suspected, anterior chamber polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was done. Aciclovir 2,400 mg/day intravenously and ganciclovir 2.0 mg were administered by intravitreal injection. After 4 days, retinitis was worsened and PCR test was positive for varicella zoster virus. Ganciclovir intravitreal injections were increased twice a week. After 16 days, retinal detachment occurred, so scleral encircling, vitrectomy, laser photocoagulation, and silicone oil tamponade were conducted. Ganciclovir 1.0 mg was injected at the end of surgery. The patient's visual acuity decreased to hand motion, and multiple crystal deposits with multiple retinal hemorrhages were observed in the right eye the next day. Visual acuity did not recover and optical coherent tomography showed that the macula was thinned.CONCLUSIONS: Visual loss seemed to be related with the retinal toxicity of ganciclovir. The increased local concentration due to the silicone oil tamponade is thought to have caused the toxicity.
Acyclovir ; Anterior Chamber ; Ganciclovir ; Hand ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Light Coagulation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute ; Retinal Vessels ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinitis ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

Cicatrix ; Coinfection ; Eucalyptus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pigmentation ; Pliability ; Pruritus ; Sensation ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Skin Transplantation ; Skin ; Thigh ; Tissue Donors ; Transplant Donor Site ; Transplants ; Wound Healing

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Interstitial cells play important roles in gastrointestinal (GI) neuro-smooth muscle transmission. The underlying mechanisms of colonic dysmotility have not been well illustrated. We established a partial colon obstruction (PCO) mouse model to investigate the changes of interstitial cells and the correlation with colonic motility. METHODS: Western blot technique was employed to observe the protein expressions of Kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (Pdgfra), Ca²⁺-activated Cl⁻ (Ano1) channels, and small conductance Ca²⁺- activated K⁺ (SK) channels. Colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) and isometric force measurements were employed in control mice and PCO mice. RESULTS: PCO mice showed distended abdomen and feces excretion was significantly reduced. Anatomically, the colon above the obstructive silicone ring was obviously dilated. Kit and Ano1 proteins in the colonic smooth muscle layer of the PCO colons were significantly decreased, while the expression of Pdgfra and SK3 proteins were significantly increased. The effects of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) and an Ano1 channel inhibitor (NPPB) on CMMC and colonic spontaneous contractions were decreased in the proximal and distal colons of PCO mice. The SK agonist, CyPPA and antagonist, apamin in PCO mice showed more effect to the CMMCs and colonic smooth muscle contractions. CONCLUSIONS: Colonic transit disorder may be due to the downregulation of the Kit and Ano1 channels and the upregulation of SK3 channels in platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α positive (PDGFRα⁺) cells. The imbalance between interstitial cells of Cajal-Ano1 and PDGFRα-SK3 distribution might be a potential reason for the colonic dysmotility.
Abdomen ; Animals ; Apamin ; Blotting, Western ; Chloride Channels ; Colon ; Down-Regulation ; Feces ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; Mice ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; Up-Regulation

BACKGROUND: Compared to an equivalent sized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) double-lumen tube (DLT), a silicone DLT has a shorter endobronchial segment. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of clinically significant displacement of left-sided PVC and silicone DLTs after a positional change to a lateral position from a supine position and determine its effect on the need for DLT repositioning for successful lung separation in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. METHODS: One hundred eight adult patients requiring one-lung ventilation were randomly divided into group P (PVC DLT, n = 54) and group S (Silicone DLT, n = 54). The position of the DLT was observed before and after lateral positioning to assess the effect of the position change. The incidence of clinically significant displacement (>10 mm) of DLT was compared between the groups. RESULTS: DLTs were clinically significantly displaced in group P (17/48, 35.4%) and group S (18/52, 34.6%) after lateral positioning (p = 0.933). A proximal displacement (31.3% [group P] and 25.0% [group S]) was more common than distal displacement (4.2% [group P] and 9.6% [group S]), with no significant intergroup difference (p = 0.494). After lateral positioning, critical malposition of DLT with bronchial herniation to the right main bronchus was 8.3% (group P) and 7.9% (group S, p = 0.906). CONCLUSION: Left-sided PVC and silicone DLTs produced comparable incidences of clinically significant displacement and, consequently, required similar rates of repositioning for successful lung separation after lateral positioning.
Adult ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Lung ; One-Lung Ventilation ; Polyvinyl Chloride ; Polyvinyls ; Posture ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Supine Position ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thoracic Surgical Procedures

In this study, marginal and internal discrepancies of zirconia crowns fabricated with the CAD/CAM (computer aided design
Crowns ; Methods ; Molar ; Replica Techniques ; Shoulder ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tooth

PURPOSE: To investigate the outflow characteristics of silicone tubes with intraluminal stents used in membrane-tube (MT) type glaucoma shunt devices. METHODS: The silicone tubes used in MicroMT (internal diameter of 100 µm with a 7-0 nylon intraluminal stent) and Finetube MT (internal diameter of 200 µm with a 5-0 nylon intraluminal stent) were connected to a syringe-pump that delivered a continuous flow of distilled water at flow rates of 2, 5, 10, and 25 µL/min. The pressures and resistances of tubes were measured at a steady flow rate with full-length, half-length, and absence of intraluminal stents. RESULTS: The mean outflow resistance of the two types of tubes ranged from 3.0 ± 1.9 to 3.8 ± 1.7 mmHg/µL/min with a full-length intraluminal stent, 1.8 ± 1.1 to 2.2 ± 1.1 mmHg/µL/min with a half-length intraluminal stent, and 0.1 ± 0.0 to 0.2 ± 0.0 mmHg/µL/min without an intraluminal stent. Theoretically, for a physiologic state with a flow rate of 2 µL/min and episcleral venous pressure of 6 mmHg, the mean pressures of tubes were expected to be 13.2 ± 3.0, 10.5 ± 2.4, and 6.4 ± 0.2 mmHg in MicroMT with full-length, half-length, and absence of intraluminal stents, respectively, and 12.5 ± 3.9, 9.6 ± 2.4, and 6.2 ± 0.2 mmHg in Finetube MT with full-length, half-length, and absence of intraluminal stents, respectively. The pressure variance also decreased with intraluminal stent retraction (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The small diameter tubes of 100 and 200 µm internal diameters, with 7-0 and 5-0 nylon intraluminal stents, respectively, used in the MT-type glaucoma shunt device showed safe and effective outflow characteristics.
Glaucoma ; Hydrodynamics ; Intraocular Pressure ; Nylons ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Stents ; Venous Pressure ; Water

BACKGROUND: Respirator fit testing is a method to assess if the respirator provides an adequate face seal for the worker. METHODS: Workers from four Norwegian smelters were invited to participate in the study, and 701 respirator fit tests were performed on 127 workers. Fourteen respirator models were included: one FFABE1P3 and 11 FFP3 respirator models produced in one size and two silicone half masks with P3 filters available in three sizes. The workers performed a quantitative fit test according to Health and Safety Executive 282/28 with 5–6 different respirator models, and they rated the respirators based on comfort. Predictors of overall fit factors were explored. RESULTS: The pass rate for all fit tests was 62%, 56% for women, and 63% for men. The silicone respirators had the highest percentage of passed tests (92–100%). The pass rate for the FFP3 models varied from 19–89%, whereas the FFABE1P3 respirator had a pass rate of 36%. Five workers did not pass with any respirators, and 14 passed with all the respirators tested. Only 63% passed the test with the respirator they normally used. The mean comfort score on the scale from 1 to 5 was 3.2. The respirator model was the strongest predictor of the overall fit factor. The other predictors (age, sex, and comfort score) did not improve the fit of the model. CONCLUSION: There were large differences in how well the different respirator models fitted the Norwegian smelter workers. The results can be useful when choosing which respirators to include in respirator fit testing programs in similar populations.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Masks ; Methods ; Osmeriformes ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Ventilators, Mechanical