The incidence of endophthalmitis after vitrectomy is extremely low,especially lower in silicone oil-filled eyes.Silicone oil exerts a toxic effect on the cell membranes of microorganisms and leads to the lack of nutrients.It is thus believed to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi.Endophthalmitis induced by mixed bacteria in silicone oil-filled eye has been rarely reported.We reviewed the clinical manifestations,diagnosis,and treatment of a patient with endophthalmitis caused by mixed infection of
Bacteria ; Coinfection ; Endophthalmitis ; Humans ; Silicone Oils/adverse effects* ; Vitrectomy

According to the situation of 34 batches of natural rubber latex condoms tested by our center in 2018, the unqualified items in the product inspection items and the exploratory research results of D4 and D5 content in silicone oil lubricants are analyzed. We make recommendations on product technical requirements or standards to strengthen the quality supervision of products.
Condoms/standards* ; Latex ; Silicone Oils

PURPOSE: To evaluate visual and anatomical results and identify factors that influence vitrectomy and silicone oil (SO) injection outcomes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS: This retrospective study included 236 eyes with PDR that were undergoing vitrectomy and SO injection with >3-month follow-up. The primary outcomes were final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and retinal attachment rate. RESULTS: At the final visit (mean, 88 ± 58 weeks), complete, partial, and no retinal attachment were observed in 86.9%, 10.6%, and 2.5% of patients, respectively. A total of 155 eyes had experienced SO removal, while 81 had SO in place. The mean initial BCVA was 1.9 ± 0.7 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and significantly improved to 1.7 ± 0.8 logMAR (p = 0.001). Initial macular detachment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.25), development of iatrogenic break (AOR, 0.25), and use of heavy SO (AOR, 0.13) were independently associated with a lower risk of final retinal attachment, and SO removal was associated with a higher incidence (AOR, 7.55). Better baseline BCVA was associated with a higher risk of final BCVA ≥20 / 200. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an encouraging outcome based on anatomical data in advanced PDR treated with vitrectomy and SO, the functional prognosis was not satisfying for patients. Eyes with better vision at baseline had a more favorable prognosis, whereas eyes with initial macular detachment, intraoperative iatrogenic break, or heavy SO showed more unfavorable outcomes. In selected cases, extending the time of SO use did not worsen the prognosis.
Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Odds Ratio ; Prognosis ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicon* ; Silicone Oils ; Silicones* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*

PURPOSE: To report a case of visual deterioration and atrophied retina after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicone oil tamponade for the treatment of retinal detachment with previous encircling scleral buckling. CASE SUMMARY: A 29-year-old female visited for treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in the right eye which was not completely resolved after encircling scleral buckling. Logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (log MAR) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.3. Retinal detachment from 3 to 8 O'clock without macular involvement was identified. Pars plana vitrectomy, endophotocoagulation and silicone oil tamponade were performed. During the operation, retinal dialysis and retinal break at the superonasal periphery were observed. The patient complained of central scotoma at 2 days postoperatively and hyper-reflection of the inner retina was identified on optical coherence tomography (OCT). At 2 weeks postoperatively, the OCT image revealed a thin retina and impending macular hole. After 2 months, the silicone oil was removed. Although the retina was well attached, the retina remained atrophied and the log MAR BCVA was 0.16. CONCLUSIONS: We report a rare case with deteriorated visual acuity after PPV and silicone oil tamponade for the retreatment of RRD in an atopic dermatitis patient.
Adult ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Dialysis ; Female ; Humans ; Reoperation* ; Retina* ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retreatment ; Scleral Buckling ; Scotoma ; Silicon ; Silicone Oils ; Silicones ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

OBJECTIVETo examine the prognosis of preretinal hemorrhage following vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

METHODSClinical data of 76 cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy treated with vitrectomy and silicone oil infusion tamponade in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital from October 2006 to September 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Intraoperative bleeding,postoperative preretinal bleeding,blood reabsorption time, and preretinal fibrosis were assessed.

RESULTSAll preretinal hemorrhage developed within 1 week after surgery, blood was distributed in thin and scattered patterns (32 cases), thick and localized patterns (25 cases) or thick and scattered patterns (19 cases). The preretinal hemorrhage was ceased in 1 day after operation in 35 cases, in 2 days after operation in 18 cases, in two weeks after operation in 23 case. Recurrent hemorrhage occurred within 1 week after operation in 15 cases. Thin blood was largely reabsorbed in about two weeks, and thick blood was largely reabsorbed in about five weeks. Fibrosis tissue was resulted in 15 cases(34.1%) with thick blood.

CONCLUSIONMost of preretinal hemorrhage occurs within 1 week after surgery and is reabsorpted with 5 weeks in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy undergoing vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade. The major complication of preretinal bleeding is the formation of preretinal fibrosis.

Diabetic Retinopathy ; surgery ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicone Oils ; therapeutic use ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; epidemiology

PURPOSE: To report 2 cases of recurrent Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) endophthalmitis after uneventful phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. CASE SUMMARY: Case 1: A healthy, 75-year-old female presented with a sudden visual loss and ocular pain 2 days after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. After successful treatment with intravitreal antibiotics injection, the infection was apparently cleared. At 1 month after the initial presentation, recurrent endophthalmitis occurred and was resolved with vitrectomy, silicon oil tamponade, and intravitreal antibiotics injection. Two months after vitrectomy, the silicone oil was removed and the patient's final visual acuity improved to 20/400 5 months later. Case 2: A healthy, 74-year-old female presented with a sudden visual loss 2 days after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. After successful treatment with intravitreal antibiotics injection, the infection was apparently cleared. One month later, recurrent endophthalmitis occurred and was resolved with vitrectomy, posterior capsulotomy, and intravitreal antibiotics injection. Forty days later, the patient had a similar relapse. The infection resolved with IOL explantation, silicon oil tamponade, and repeated intravitreal antibiotics injections. E. faecalis was identified at the first and recurrent episode. Vancomycin and ceftazidime were used for each intravitreal administration. Silicone oil removal and IOL scleral fixation were performed and the patient's final visual acuity was 20/40 5 months later. CONCLUSIONS: Close monitoring for recurrences is recommended in endophthalmitis due to E. faecalis after phacoemulsification even after a successful initial treatment.
Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cataract* ; Ceftazidime ; Endophthalmitis* ; Enterococcus faecalis* ; Female ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification ; Posterior Capsulotomy ; Recurrence ; Silicone Oils ; Vancomycin ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To Report A Case Of Atypical Acute Retinal Necrosis (Arn) Observed Using Ultra-wide-field Imaging. CASE SUMMARY: A 50-year-old male with recurrent oral ulcer presented with visual loss in his right eye. On the initial visit, slit-lamp examination showed inflammatory cells (3+) in the anterior chamber and vitreous of the right eye. Funduscopic examination and ultra-wide-field fundus images showed severe occlusive vasculitis with perivascular hemorrhage. No necrotic lesion was observed at the peripheral retina in the left eye. Under the impression of Behcet's uveitis, immunosuppressive therapies including oral steroid, intravenous cyclophosphamide, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha agent and intravitreal triamcinolone were administered, but without improvement. Subsequently, a necrotic lesion appeared at the far peripheral retina in the right eye and varicella-zoster virus was identified using the polymerase chain reaction test. After the patient was diagnosed with atypical ARN, intravenous acyclovir was administered, resulting in eventual suppression of the necrotic lesion progression. Due to retinal detachment, pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil infusion was performed in the right eye. At that time, a whitish lesion at the far peripheral retina in the ultra-wide-field photography of the fellow eye was found and 3 intravitreal ganciclovir injections were administered. Finally, the whitish lesion regressed after 1 month. CONCLUSIONS: Ultra-wide-field imaging might be useful for diagnosis and follow-up of atypical ARN patients.
Acyclovir ; Anterior Chamber ; Cyclophosphamide ; Diagnosis ; Ganciclovir ; Hemorrhage ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Oral Ulcer ; Photography ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute* ; Silicone Oils ; Triamcinolone ; Uveitis ; Vasculitis ; Vitrectomy

BACKGROUND: Ulnar nerve palsy leads to thumb-web depression, hypothenar flattening, and inter-digital depression in patients with leprosy. To camouflage these deformities, patients used to inject paraffin or silicone oil into the areas of muscle atrophy associated with thumb-web depression and hypothenar flattening. After several years and decades, paraffinomas eventually resulted in extensive inflammatory fibrosis and recalcitrant recurrent ulcers at the injection sites. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare the results of different surgical treatments for paraffinomas in patients with leprosy, and to find out the most effective treatment method that has a low recurrence rate. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2012, 47 patients with paraffinomas who had visited the Korean Hansen Welfare Association Hospital were enrolled to participate in the study. The number of paraffinomas was 56, and the mean age of the patients was 73 years. A retrospective evaluation of the cosmetic results and recurrence rate was performed. RESULTS: Of the 56 surgically treated paraffinomas, 30 lesions were treated using primary closure, 20 lesions were treated with skin graft, and 6 lesions were treated with skin flap. The cosmetic outcomes, which were assessed using a four-point grading scale, were excellent in 10.7% (6/56), good in 25% (14/56), fair in 38% (21/56), and poor in 28% (15/56) of the patients. There were no significant differences among the three surgical procedures with respect to the cosmetic results. The recurrence rate was 33% (10/31) in the primary closure group, 50% (10/20) in the skin graft group, and 17% (1/6) in the skin flap group. There were no significant differences in the recurrence rate among the three surgical procedures. CONCLUSION: The extensive and aggressive curettage of lesions is very important to reduce recurrence rate. When the older age of the patients is considered in conjunction with the simplicity of the operation and the total operation time, primary closure is considered the treatment of choice both cosmetically and practically.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Curettage ; Depression ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Leprosy* ; Muscular Atrophy ; Paraffin ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicone Oils ; Skin ; Transplants ; Ulcer ; Ulnar Neuropathies

PURPOSE: To report a case of massive spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage in a middle-aged female with heavy alcohol consumption. CASE SUMMARY: A 48-year-old female with a history of heavy alcohol consumption developed a massive spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage in the right eye. Fundus examination and B-scan ultrasonography of the right eye revealed a hemorrhagic choroidal detachment with kissing choroidal sign. On systemic evaluation, she was diagnosed with alcohol-induced hepatitis, diabetes, and diabetic nephropathy. We performed trans-scleral drainage of the suprachoroidal hemorrhage, trans pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection in her right eye. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first case report of massive spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage in a patient with heavy alcohol intake.
Alcohol Drinking* ; Choroid ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Drainage ; Female ; Hemorrhage* ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Silicone Oils ; Ultrasonography ; Vitrectomy

Literature indicates an increased risk of suicide among women who have had cosmetic breast implants. An explanatory model for this association has not been established. Some studies conclude that women with cosmetic breast implants demonstrate some characteristics that are associated with increased suicide risk while others support that the breast augmentation protects from suicide. A systematic review including data collection from January 1961 up to February 2014 was conducted. The results were incorporated to pre-existing suicide risk models of the general population. A modified suicide risk model was created for the female cosmetic augmentation mammaplasty candidate. A 2-3 times increased suicide risk among women that undergo cosmetic breast augmentation has been identified. Breast augmentation patients show some characteristics that are associated with increased suicide risk. The majority of women reported high postoperative satisfaction. Recent research indicates that the Autoimmune syndrome induced by adjuvants and fibromyalgia syndrome are associated with silicone implantation. A thorough surgical, medical and psycho-social (psychiatric, family, reproductive, and occupational) history should be included in the preoperative assessment of women seeking to undergo cosmetic breast augmentation. Breast augmentation surgery can stimulate a systematic stress response and increase the risk of suicide. Each risk factor of suicide has poor predictive value when considered independently and can result in prediction errors. A clinical management model has been proposed considering the overlapping risk factors of women that undergo cosmetic breast augmentation with suicide.
Breast ; Breast Implants* ; Data Collection ; Female ; Fibromyalgia ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Risk Factors ; Silicone Oils ; Suicide* ; Surgery, Plastic