Objective To explore the comparative application of phase and diaphragmatic navigation in three-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(3D-MRCP)thin-layer scanning in elderly patients.Methods A total of 180 elderly patients were scanned by phase and diaphragmatic navigation via Siemens Aera1.5T superconducting MR scanner.The acquired images were reconstructed by 3D reconstruction.The anatomical structure,image quality and disease diagnosis were compared between the phase and diaphragmatic navigation groups.Results In liver of anatomy,the liver of primary bile duct,the superior,middle and inferior extrahepatic bile duct and the gallbladder could be well displayed,and the difference was not statistically significant between the two groups(P＞0.05).The display of pancreatic duct and the liver of secondary bile duct of diaphragmatic navigation was significantly better than those of phase navigation(P＜0.05).In terms of image quality,the excellent rate of diaphragmatic navigation was significantly higher than that of phase navigation,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the detection rate of pancreatobiliary system diseases,the diagnostic rate of cholelithiasis,common bile duct stones,common bile duct dilatation and pancreatic duct dilatation between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Diaphragmatic navigation is signifi-cantly better than phase navigation in the display of the anatomical structure of the pancreatic duct,the liver of secondary bile duct,and the excellent rate of image quality.Diaphragmatic navigation is more suitable for thin-layer 3D-MRCP scanning in elderly patients.

Guided by the development of new medical science proposed by Ministry of Education and the "Education and Training Plan for Excellent Doctors 2.0", shifted from treatment-oriented to whole life-health cycle, we have explored curriculum ideological and political education in metabolic-related curriculum chain. Firstly, we constructed a core teaching team and had the training of curriculum ideological and political education. The top-level design was made with the integration of moral education into medical education. Secondly, the syllabus was comprehensively revised, containing the connotation of "morality education". The elements relevant to curriculum ideological and political education hidden behind professional courses were excavated. Finally, the mixed teaching mode of online combining with offline was carried out. Metabolism-related curriculum chain, focused on "metabolism, diabetes, obesity and patient education", formed a progressive link from basic medical science to practice to clinical, strengthening the "prevention, treatment and health care" based "one health" philosophy and giving full play to the implicit curriculum ideological and political education hidden behind professional courses. Our practice shows that the implementation of curriculum ideological and political education in metabolism-related curriculum has been accepted by students, and curriculum ideological and political education has been become part of professional courses. The "gene chimera" mode for curriculum ideological and political education incorporation into professional courses needs to be infiltrated imperceptibly, and the effect will be visualized in the future.

Objective:To explore the effects of emotion state on conditioned fear response and memory for conditioned fear cues.Methods:Forty-eight undergraduate students were recruited as subjects.On Day 1, forty-eight participants underwent a partial reinforcement fear conditioning paradigm, using fruit or animal visual pictures as conditioned stimulus (CS) and loud white noise as the unconditioned stimulus (US). On Day 2, all subjects were divided into the neutral( n=16), negative( n=16) and positive( n=16) emotion groups according to the principle of gender matching.The emotion state of each group was manipulated by watching a 5 minutes' emotional film clip respectively.Then the fear-conditioning session was conducted again.On Day 3, recognition memory tests were conducted for the conditioned neutral items which presented randomly together with some new picture items. Results:In the positive group, the skin conductance response(SCR) to conditioned fear cues after emotion induction ((0.091 ± 0.026) μs)was significantly lower than that before emotion induction((0.148 ± 0.027) μs), and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). The recognition rate of positive group (0.49±0.03) for CS+ presented on Day 2 was significantly lower than neutral group (0.61±0.04)( P<0.05). Under the negative emotional state, the recognition time of the subjects to the fear cues was higher than that of the positive group and the neutral group(the recognition time of Day 2 in neutral group, positive group and negative group were (914.17 ± 43.66) ms, (953.72 ± 37.76) ms, (1 483.49 ± 157.64) ms, respectively, P<0.01). Conclusion:Positive emotion can not only inhibit the conditioned fear responses but also decrease the recognition rate for the conditioned neutral cues.Inducted negative emotion only increase the time recognition for the conditioned neutral cues, but it has no effect on the SCR and recognition rate.

Objective To compare the effect of puncture needles with different diameter on percutaneous biopsy for transplant kidney under ultrasound guidance. Methods A total of 82 cases underwent percutaneous renal biopsy for transplant kidney under ultrasound guidance,and were divided into two groups based on the diameters of puncture needles, Group 18 G (n =31)and Group 16 G (n =51).The effect of biopsy and complications were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with Group18 G,Group16 G used less puncture needles and obtained more glomeruli (both P <0.01).The qualified rate of renal specimens in Group 16 G was significantly higher than that of Group 18 G(P <0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups (P >0.05 ).Further stratified comparison was conducted,and the results showed that complications of the two groups were not statistically significant in case of puncture with 2 needles or 3 needles (both P >0.05). Conclusions There is similar safety of 16 G puncture needle and 18 G puncture needle to perform renal biopsies under ultrasound guidance.Under the allowable condition of patients,16 G puncture needle is superior to 18 G puncture needle and realizes high quality of renal specimens.

The mammalian brain is heterogeneous, containing billions of neurons and trillions of synapses forming various neural circuitries, through which sense, movement, thought, and emotion arise. The cellular heterogeneity of the brain has made it difficult to study the molecular logic of neural circuitry wiring, pruning, activation, and plasticity, until recently, transcriptome analyses with single cell resolution makes decoding of gene regulatory networks underlying aforementioned circuitry properties possible. Here we report success in performing both electrophysiological and whole-genome transcriptome analyses on single human neurons in culture. Using Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analyses (WGCNA), we identified gene clusters highly correlated with neuronal maturation judged by electrophysiological characteristics. A tight link between neuronal maturation and genes involved in ubiquitination and mitochondrial function was revealed. Moreover, we identified a list of candidate genes, which could potentially serve as biomarkers for neuronal maturation. Coupled electrophysiological recording and single cell transcriptome analysis will serve as powerful tools in the future to unveil molecular logics for neural circuitry functions.
Antigens, Differentiation ; biosynthesis ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; physiology ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Human Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Multigene Family ; physiology ; Neurons ; cytology ; metabolism ; Transcriptome ; physiology

Objective To explore the role of transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-?B) and glucocorticoid receptor(GR) in the pathogenesis of Adriamycin(ADM)-induced nephrosis in rats and the therapeutic effects of dexamethasone(Dex) and cyclosporin(CsA) on these animals.Methods The DNA-binding abilities of NF-?B and GR in cortex of kindey were examined with electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA) and isotopic radioautography on the 7th,14th,21th and 28th day after a single intravenous injection of ADM,and the therapeutic effects of Dex and CsA were estimated.The biochemistry parameters from blood and urine of rats and the urine protein excretion were also measured.Results The NF-?B DNA-binding ability was significantly increased after 7 days and achieved maximum after 28 days(P0.05).Conclusion The DNA-binding ability of NF-?B is abnormally increased and that of GR is decreased in cells from cortex of kindey in Adriamycin-induced nephrotic rats.The NF-?B DNA-binding ability can be inhibited and the urine protein excretion is decreased by the treatment of CsA.

The sodium and water retention is one of the characteristics in nephrotic syndrome. Its mechanism remains to be determined though it has been suggested that vasopressin may play an important role on the water retention. Objective　 To explore the possible effect of antidiuretic hormone on water retention in experimental nephrotic rats. Methods　 Urine and blood osmolalities were determined by using the cryoscopic method for evaluation of clearance of solute-free water (CH2O). The activities of adenosine cyclase (AC), adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) and the amount of cAMP in renal medulla of experimental nephrotic rats were measured by using radioimmunoassay. The study included 6 groups of rats. Rats in group 1 were normal controls, in group 2 were injected with DDAVP, in group 3 injected with DDAVP antagonist, in group 4 injected with adriamycin, in group 5 injected with Adriamycin + DDAVP, and in group 6 injected with adriamycin + DDAVP antagonist. Results　 The urine osmolalities were (1 772±879), (2 145±936), (1 764±498), (1 050±272), (1145±243) and (993±196) mOsm/kg H2O in rats of group 1 to group 6, respectively ( F=113.069, P=0.000 4). The plasma osmolalities were (302±9), (296±10), (308±6), (286±5), (289±6) and (290±7) mOsm/kg water, respectively (F=17.302, P=0.014 2). CH2O were (-0.8±0.4), (-1.4±0.7), (-1.1±0.6), (-1.0±0.4), (-1.0±0.6) and (-0.9±0.5) ml/h, respectively (F=0.024, P=0.884 3). AC activities were (237±109)，(329±36)，(231±10)，(251±64)，(249±26) and (252±38) pmol/mg protein* min, respectively（F=0.659, P=0.4630）. The amounts of cAMP were (652±152)，(709±84)，(567±39), (77±16), (83±21) and (84±26) pmol/mg protein(F=177.033，P= 0.000 2), respectively. The percentages of cAMP-PDE transformation were (0.19±0.09), (0.18±0.07), (0.20±0.11), (0.34±0.08), (0.35±0.05) and (0.32±0.03) %, respectively (F=11.209, P=0.029 0) in rats of group 1 to group 6. Conclusion The antidiuretic hormone may not play a role on water retention in rats with adriamycin nephropathy, which might result from the decreased amount of cAMP accompanied with the increased cAMP-PDE activity, and the un-increased AC activity stimulated by DDAVP in renal medulla of rats after ADR injection.