Tujia ethnic group medicine Xuetong is derived from Kadsura heteroclita, the stem of which has the medicinal value for anti-rheumatoid arthritis, liver protection, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation effects, and has been widely used in Hunan and Guangdong in China. The selection of reliable and stable reference genes is the basis for subsequent molecular research on K. heteroclita. In this study, GAPDH, TUA, Actin, UBQ, EF-1α, 18S-rRNA, CYP, UBC, TUB, H2A, and RPL were selected as candidate reference genes in Kadsura heteroclita. The gene expression levels of the 11 candidate reference genes of K. heteroclita in its 6 different parts(stem-inside of the cambium, stem-outside of the cambium, fruit, flower, root, and leaf) and under different intervention conditions [drought stress, salt stress, and methyl jasmonate(MeJA) treatment] were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR). The expression stability of the 11 candidate reference genes was comprehensively analyzed and evaluated by geNorm, NormFinder, ΔCT algorithm, and RefFinder software. The results showed that the expression of UBC and RPL was relatively stable in 6 different parts, and UBC and GAPDH genes were relatively stable under different intervention conditions. To verify the reliability of reference genes for K. heteroclita, this study further examined the relative expression levels of KhFPS, KhIDI, KhCAS, KhSQE, KhSQS, KhSQS-2, KhHMGS, KhHMGR, KhMVD, KhMVK, KhDXR, KhDXS, KhPMVK, and KhGGPS in different parts and under different intervention conditions, which might relate to the synthesis of the main component(Xuetongsu) of K. heteroclita. The results showed that with UBC and RPL or UBC and GAPDH as the reference genes, the expression trends of these 14 genes were basically consistent in different parts or under different intervention conditions for K. heteroclita. In conclusion, UBC can be used as a reference gene of K. heteroclita for its different parts and different intervention conditions, which lays a foundation for further research on the biosynthetic pathway of main components in K. heteroclita.
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Reference Standards ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

As an important tissue of the body(accounting for approximately 40％of body weight),skel-etal muscle is composed of various cell types such as muscle fibers,muscle stem cells,and endothelial cells.It participates in physiological processes including movement,energy metabolism,and internal en-vironment homeostasis through temporal and spatial specific regulation.Its development is divided into two critical stages:embryonic and postnatal periods.Abnormal development can lead to diseases such as muscular dystrophy and directly affect the yield and quality of livestock meat.In recent years,the combi-nation of single-cell transcriptomics(scRNA-seq)and spatial omics(single-cell spatial omics technolo-gy)has provided a high-resolution research tool for analyzing the spatiotemporal dynamic regulatory net-work and intercellular interactions in skeletal muscle development.This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle development and its application value in animal husbandry breeding,and systematically combs the research progress,analysis processes,data resources,and future directions of single-cell omics,spatial omics,and single-cell spatial omics technology in skeletal muscle development.Among them,single-cell omics can reveal the heterogeneity of skeletal muscle cells,myofiber differentia-tion trajectories in different livestock and poultry(such as cattle,pigs,and Tibetan chickens)through methods like pseudotime analysis and RNA velocity analysis.Furthermore,single-cell omics can identify key transcription factors(e.g.,MYF5,MYOD1)and cell communication pathways(e.g.,FGF7-FG-FR2),and simultaneously clarify the molecular differences in myoblast differentiation timing and cell composition ratio among different breeds.Relying on technologies such as Visium and Seq-Scope,spatial omics realizes the spatial localization of gene expression in pathological models of mice,Atlantic salmon,and broiler chickens.Spatial omics also clarifies the spatial distribution laws of neuromuscular junction region-specific genes and inflammation-fibrosis cascade reactions,and makes up for the defect of losing spatial context in single-cell technology.Although there are limited direct application cases of single-cell spatial omics technology,it has already analyzed the abnormal fate of myoblasts in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy through MERFISH technology.In terms of technology selection,it is necessary to consider research objectives,molecular modalities,and resolution requirements.At the same time,data analysis needs to address challenges such as data sparsity through methods like DCA denoising and RCTD cell type mapping.In addition,this article summarizes 16 muscle development-related databases inclu-ding HCA and PanglaoDB.This review further discusses the potential applications of these three types of technologies in the directional regulation of myoblast fate,precise intervention in the growth cycle,im-provement of microenvironment interactions,and the development of multi-omics genetic breeding mod-els.This paper is providing a more comprehensive and detailed theoretical reference and technical sup-port for basic research on skeletal muscle development and practical applications in the animal husbandry industry.

As an important tissue of the body(accounting for approximately 40％of body weight),skel-etal muscle is composed of various cell types such as muscle fibers,muscle stem cells,and endothelial cells.It participates in physiological processes including movement,energy metabolism,and internal en-vironment homeostasis through temporal and spatial specific regulation.Its development is divided into two critical stages:embryonic and postnatal periods.Abnormal development can lead to diseases such as muscular dystrophy and directly affect the yield and quality of livestock meat.In recent years,the combi-nation of single-cell transcriptomics(scRNA-seq)and spatial omics(single-cell spatial omics technolo-gy)has provided a high-resolution research tool for analyzing the spatiotemporal dynamic regulatory net-work and intercellular interactions in skeletal muscle development.This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle development and its application value in animal husbandry breeding,and systematically combs the research progress,analysis processes,data resources,and future directions of single-cell omics,spatial omics,and single-cell spatial omics technology in skeletal muscle development.Among them,single-cell omics can reveal the heterogeneity of skeletal muscle cells,myofiber differentia-tion trajectories in different livestock and poultry(such as cattle,pigs,and Tibetan chickens)through methods like pseudotime analysis and RNA velocity analysis.Furthermore,single-cell omics can identify key transcription factors(e.g.,MYF5,MYOD1)and cell communication pathways(e.g.,FGF7-FG-FR2),and simultaneously clarify the molecular differences in myoblast differentiation timing and cell composition ratio among different breeds.Relying on technologies such as Visium and Seq-Scope,spatial omics realizes the spatial localization of gene expression in pathological models of mice,Atlantic salmon,and broiler chickens.Spatial omics also clarifies the spatial distribution laws of neuromuscular junction region-specific genes and inflammation-fibrosis cascade reactions,and makes up for the defect of losing spatial context in single-cell technology.Although there are limited direct application cases of single-cell spatial omics technology,it has already analyzed the abnormal fate of myoblasts in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy through MERFISH technology.In terms of technology selection,it is necessary to consider research objectives,molecular modalities,and resolution requirements.At the same time,data analysis needs to address challenges such as data sparsity through methods like DCA denoising and RCTD cell type mapping.In addition,this article summarizes 16 muscle development-related databases inclu-ding HCA and PanglaoDB.This review further discusses the potential applications of these three types of technologies in the directional regulation of myoblast fate,precise intervention in the growth cycle,im-provement of microenvironment interactions,and the development of multi-omics genetic breeding mod-els.This paper is providing a more comprehensive and detailed theoretical reference and technical sup-port for basic research on skeletal muscle development and practical applications in the animal husbandry industry.

Objective:To compare the impacts of external fixation of different durations on rehabilitation outcomes after open repair of acute Achilles tendon rupture.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of patients with unilateral acute closed Achilles tendon rupture admitted to Peking University Third Hospital from August 2020 to August 2023. Patients were divided into Group A ( n=96), Group B ( n=347), Group C ( n=346), and Group D ( n=105) based on different postoperative immobilization durations (0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks, respectively). After all the patients received identical open repair procedure, Group A was rehabilitated immediately but the other groups were rehabilitated with the same protocol after removal of the external fixation. Four groups were compared in terms of recovery time of one-leg heel-rise height (OHRH), recovery time of light exercise (LE) in brisk walking and jogging and recovery time of range of motion (ROM). Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were also compared at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS) and American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores were evaluated at 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 weeks postoperatively. Complications were recorded. Results:A total of 894 patients including 869 males and 25 females were included, aged 18-60 years [(35.0±6.3)years]. All the patients were followed up for 14-25 months [(19.0±3.0)months]. The recovery time of OHRH in Group A and B was 12.0(12.0, 12.0)weeks and 12.0(10.0, 12.0)weeks, shorter than those in Group C [14.0(14.0, 16.0)weeks] and D [14.0(14.0, 14.0)weeks] ( P<0.05), with no significant difference between Group A and B ( P>0.05) and between Group C and D ( P>0.05). The recovery time of LE in Group A and B was 18.0(18.0, 18.0)weeks and 18.0(16.0, 18.0)weeks, shorter than those in Group C [20.0(20.0, 20.0)weeks] and D [20.0(20.0, 20.0)weeks] ( P<0.05), with no significant difference between Group A and B ( P>0.05) and between Group C and D ( P>0.05). The recovery time of ROM in Group A and B was 6.0(6.0, 6.0)weeks and 6.0(6.0, 6.0)weeks, shorter than those in Group C [8.0(8.0, 10.0)weeks] and D [10.0(10.0, 10.0)weeks)] ( P<0.05), with no significant difference between Group A and B, and between Group C and D ( P>0.05). At 2 weeks postoperatively, the VAS scores were 2.0(1.0, 2.0)points, 2.0(1.0, 2.0)points, and 2.0(1.5, 2.0)points in Group B, C and D, lower than 5.0(5.0, 5.0)points in Group A ( P<0.05), with no significant difference among Group B, C, and D ( P>0.05). At 4 weeks postoperatively, the VAS scores were 1.0(0, 1.0)points, 1.0(0, 1.0)points, and 1.0(0.5, 1.0)points in Group B, C and D, lower than 2.0(1.0, 2.0)points in Group A ( P<0.05), with no significant difference among Group B, C, and D ( P>0.05). At 6 weeks postoperatively, the VAS score was 0(0, 0)points in all the 4 groups, with no significant difference among them ( P>0.05). At 8 weeks postoperatively, the VAS score was 0(0, 0)points, with lower scores in Group A and B than those in Group C and D ( P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Group A and B and between Group C and D ( P>0.05). At 6 weeks postoperatively, the ATRS scores were 52.0(52.0, 53.8)points and 52.0(50.0, 53.0)points in Group A and B, higher than 41.0(38.0, 43.0)points and 19.0(18.0, 20.0)points in Group C and D ( P<0.05), with a higher score in Group C than that in Group D ( P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Group A and B ( P>0.05). At 8 weeks postoperatively, the ATRS scores were 66.0(66.0, 68.0)points in Group A, higher than 63.0(62.0, 64.0)points, 52.0(50.0, 53.0)points, and 39.0(37.0, 40.0)points in Group B, C and D ( P<0.05), with a higher score in Group B than those in Group C and D ( P<0.05) and a higher score in Group C than that in Group D ( P<0.05). At 10 weeks postoperatively, the ATRS score was 75.0(74.0, 76.0)points in Group B, higher than 69.0(69.0, 70.0)points, 72.0(66.0, 74.0)points, and 62.0(58.5, 63.0)points in Group A, C and D ( P<0.05), with higher scores in Group A and C than that in Group D ( P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Group A and C ( P>0.05). At 12 weeks postoperatively, the ATRS score was 84.0(82.0, 85.0)points in Group B, higher than 75.0(75.0, 77.0)points, 79.0(72.0, 81.0)points, and 72.0(71.0, 73.0)points in Group A, C and D ( P<0.05), with higher scores in Group A and C than that in Group D ( P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Group A and C ( P>0.05). At 14 weeks postoperatively, the ATRS score was 87.0(86.0, 87.0)points in Group B, higher than 82.0(82.0, 84.0)points, 83.0(80.0, 85.0)points, and 79.0(77.5, 80.0)points in Group A, C and D ( P<0.05), with higher scores in Group A and C than that in Group D ( P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Group A and C ( P>0.05). At 16 weeks postoperatively, the ATRS scores were 87.0(87.0, 88.0)points and 88.0(87.0, 88.0)points in Group A and B, higher than 86.0(85.0, 87.0)points and 84.0(83.0, 85.0)points in Group C and D ( P<0.05), with a higher score in Group C than that in Group D ( P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Group A and B ( P>0.05). At 6 weeks postoperatively, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores were 94.0(94.0, 95.0)points and 95.0(94.0, 96.0)points in Group A and B, higher than 85.0(83.0, 86.0)points and 74.0(72.0, 75.0)points in Group C and D ( P<0.05), with a higher score in Group C than that in Group D ( P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Group A and B ( P>0.05). At 8 weeks postoperatively, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores were 100.0(99.0, 100.0)points in Group B, higher than 94.0(94.0, 95.0)points, 92.0(90.0, 93.0)points, and 83.0(82.0, 84.0)points in Group A, C and D ( P<0.05), with a higher score in Group A than those in Group C and D ( P<0.05) and a higher score in Group C than that in Group D ( P<0.05). At 10 weeks postoperatively, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 100.0(100.0, 100.0)points in Group B, higher than 98.0(98.0, 98.0)points, 98.0(96.8, 99.0)points, and 96.0(95.0, 97.0)points in Group A, C and D, with higher scores in Group A and C than that in Group D ( P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Group A and C ( P>0.05). At 12 weeks postoperatively, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 100.0(100.0, 100.0)points in both Group A and B, with no significant difference between them ( P>0.05), which was higher than 100.0(98.0, 100.0)points and 99.0(98.0, 99.0)points in Group C and D ( P<0.05), with a higher score in Group C than that in Group D ( P<0.05). At 14 and 16 weeks postoperatively, AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 100.0(100.0, 100.0)points, with no significant difference among all the groups ( P>0.05). Superficial wound infection occurred in 12 patients [5.2%(5/96) in Group A, 0.6%(2/347) in Group B, 0.6%(2/346) in Group C and 2.9%(3/105) in Group D] ( P<0.01) while rerupture occurred in 16 [9.4%(9/96) in Group A, 1.2% (4/347) in Group B, 0.9%(3/105) in Group C, and 0 patient in Group D] ( P<0.01). Conclusion:For patients with unilateral acute Achilles tendon rupture, two weeks of postoperative external fixation after open repair can shorten the time of returning sports, alleviate pain, and promote functional recovery, without increasing the risk of complications.

Objective:To investigate the longitudinal patterns and influencing factors of platelet counts among healthy adults in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2021, and to inform the establishment of region-specific reference intervals for platelet counts.Methods:This study is a retrospective study. A total of 7 808 healthy adults who underwent annual physical examinations at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, between January 2010 and December 2021 were included. All participants were permanent Chengdu residents and completed consecutive complete blood count tests. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to identify distinct trajectories of platelet count over the ten-year period. One-way analyses were then conducted to compare baseline demographic characteristics (sex and age) among the different trajectory groups.Results:Among 7 808 participants, 4 589 (58.8%) were male and 3 219 (41.2%) were female. Four platelet count trajectories were identified by GBTM: steadily increasing group [27.4% (2 139/7 808)], early increase-plateau group [44.1% (3 445/7 808)], early decrease-subsequent increase group [5.4% (422/7 808)], and steadily decreasing group [23.1% (1 802/7 808)], with an average growth rate of 3.3%, 1.6%, 0.7%, and -0.6%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in both sex and age distributions among the four trajectory groups. Sex-distribution differed significantly across the four trajectory groups ( χ2=73.3, P<0.001). The male proportions in the four trajectory groups were 59.6% (1 275/2 139), 62.8% (2 165/3 445), 48.1% (203/422), and 52.5% (946/1 802), respectively. The baseline ages were 45 (36, 55), 43 (35, 53), 50 (40, 60), and 47 (39, 58) years, respectively (H=121.0, P<0.001). Conclusions:Healthy adults in Sichuan Province exhibit four longitudinal trajectories of platelet counts: steadily increasing, early increase-plateau, early decrease-subsequent increase, and steadily decreasing. The two trajectories characterized by rising platelet counts (steadily increasing group and early increase-plateau group) exhibited higher male predominance and lower median ages, whereas the early decrease-subsequent increase group and the steadily decreasing group exhibited lower male proportions and higher median ages. Therefore, while establishing reference intervals and developing health management strategies for platelet counts, it is essential to account for the sex, age characteristics and the population′s dynamic changes.

Objective:To compare the impacts of external fixation of different durations on rehabilitation outcomes after open repair of acute Achilles tendon rupture.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of patients with unilateral acute closed Achilles tendon rupture admitted to Peking University Third Hospital from August 2020 to August 2023. Patients were divided into Group A ( n=96), Group B ( n=347), Group C ( n=346), and Group D ( n=105) based on different postoperative immobilization durations (0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks, respectively). After all the patients received identical open repair procedure, Group A was rehabilitated immediately but the other groups were rehabilitated with the same protocol after removal of the external fixation. Four groups were compared in terms of recovery time of one-leg heel-rise height (OHRH), recovery time of light exercise (LE) in brisk walking and jogging and recovery time of range of motion (ROM). Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were also compared at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS) and American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores were evaluated at 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 weeks postoperatively. Complications were recorded. Results:A total of 894 patients including 869 males and 25 females were included, aged 18-60 years [(35.0±6.3)years]. All the patients were followed up for 14-25 months [(19.0±3.0)months]. The recovery time of OHRH in Group A and B was 12.0(12.0, 12.0)weeks and 12.0(10.0, 12.0)weeks, shorter than those in Group C [14.0(14.0, 16.0)weeks] and D [14.0(14.0, 14.0)weeks] ( P<0.05), with no significant difference between Group A and B ( P>0.05) and between Group C and D ( P>0.05). The recovery time of LE in Group A and B was 18.0(18.0, 18.0)weeks and 18.0(16.0, 18.0)weeks, shorter than those in Group C [20.0(20.0, 20.0)weeks] and D [20.0(20.0, 20.0)weeks] ( P<0.05), with no significant difference between Group A and B ( P>0.05) and between Group C and D ( P>0.05). The recovery time of ROM in Group A and B was 6.0(6.0, 6.0)weeks and 6.0(6.0, 6.0)weeks, shorter than those in Group C [8.0(8.0, 10.0)weeks] and D [10.0(10.0, 10.0)weeks)] ( P<0.05), with no significant difference between Group A and B, and between Group C and D ( P>0.05). At 2 weeks postoperatively, the VAS scores were 2.0(1.0, 2.0)points, 2.0(1.0, 2.0)points, and 2.0(1.5, 2.0)points in Group B, C and D, lower than 5.0(5.0, 5.0)points in Group A ( P<0.05), with no significant difference among Group B, C, and D ( P>0.05). At 4 weeks postoperatively, the VAS scores were 1.0(0, 1.0)points, 1.0(0, 1.0)points, and 1.0(0.5, 1.0)points in Group B, C and D, lower than 2.0(1.0, 2.0)points in Group A ( P<0.05), with no significant difference among Group B, C, and D ( P>0.05). At 6 weeks postoperatively, the VAS score was 0(0, 0)points in all the 4 groups, with no significant difference among them ( P>0.05). At 8 weeks postoperatively, the VAS score was 0(0, 0)points, with lower scores in Group A and B than those in Group C and D ( P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Group A and B and between Group C and D ( P>0.05). At 6 weeks postoperatively, the ATRS scores were 52.0(52.0, 53.8)points and 52.0(50.0, 53.0)points in Group A and B, higher than 41.0(38.0, 43.0)points and 19.0(18.0, 20.0)points in Group C and D ( P<0.05), with a higher score in Group C than that in Group D ( P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Group A and B ( P>0.05). At 8 weeks postoperatively, the ATRS scores were 66.0(66.0, 68.0)points in Group A, higher than 63.0(62.0, 64.0)points, 52.0(50.0, 53.0)points, and 39.0(37.0, 40.0)points in Group B, C and D ( P<0.05), with a higher score in Group B than those in Group C and D ( P<0.05) and a higher score in Group C than that in Group D ( P<0.05). At 10 weeks postoperatively, the ATRS score was 75.0(74.0, 76.0)points in Group B, higher than 69.0(69.0, 70.0)points, 72.0(66.0, 74.0)points, and 62.0(58.5, 63.0)points in Group A, C and D ( P<0.05), with higher scores in Group A and C than that in Group D ( P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Group A and C ( P>0.05). At 12 weeks postoperatively, the ATRS score was 84.0(82.0, 85.0)points in Group B, higher than 75.0(75.0, 77.0)points, 79.0(72.0, 81.0)points, and 72.0(71.0, 73.0)points in Group A, C and D ( P<0.05), with higher scores in Group A and C than that in Group D ( P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Group A and C ( P>0.05). At 14 weeks postoperatively, the ATRS score was 87.0(86.0, 87.0)points in Group B, higher than 82.0(82.0, 84.0)points, 83.0(80.0, 85.0)points, and 79.0(77.5, 80.0)points in Group A, C and D ( P<0.05), with higher scores in Group A and C than that in Group D ( P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Group A and C ( P>0.05). At 16 weeks postoperatively, the ATRS scores were 87.0(87.0, 88.0)points and 88.0(87.0, 88.0)points in Group A and B, higher than 86.0(85.0, 87.0)points and 84.0(83.0, 85.0)points in Group C and D ( P<0.05), with a higher score in Group C than that in Group D ( P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Group A and B ( P>0.05). At 6 weeks postoperatively, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores were 94.0(94.0, 95.0)points and 95.0(94.0, 96.0)points in Group A and B, higher than 85.0(83.0, 86.0)points and 74.0(72.0, 75.0)points in Group C and D ( P<0.05), with a higher score in Group C than that in Group D ( P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Group A and B ( P>0.05). At 8 weeks postoperatively, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores were 100.0(99.0, 100.0)points in Group B, higher than 94.0(94.0, 95.0)points, 92.0(90.0, 93.0)points, and 83.0(82.0, 84.0)points in Group A, C and D ( P<0.05), with a higher score in Group A than those in Group C and D ( P<0.05) and a higher score in Group C than that in Group D ( P<0.05). At 10 weeks postoperatively, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 100.0(100.0, 100.0)points in Group B, higher than 98.0(98.0, 98.0)points, 98.0(96.8, 99.0)points, and 96.0(95.0, 97.0)points in Group A, C and D, with higher scores in Group A and C than that in Group D ( P<0.05) but with no significant difference between Group A and C ( P>0.05). At 12 weeks postoperatively, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 100.0(100.0, 100.0)points in both Group A and B, with no significant difference between them ( P>0.05), which was higher than 100.0(98.0, 100.0)points and 99.0(98.0, 99.0)points in Group C and D ( P<0.05), with a higher score in Group C than that in Group D ( P<0.05). At 14 and 16 weeks postoperatively, AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 100.0(100.0, 100.0)points, with no significant difference among all the groups ( P>0.05). Superficial wound infection occurred in 12 patients [5.2%(5/96) in Group A, 0.6%(2/347) in Group B, 0.6%(2/346) in Group C and 2.9%(3/105) in Group D] ( P<0.01) while rerupture occurred in 16 [9.4%(9/96) in Group A, 1.2% (4/347) in Group B, 0.9%(3/105) in Group C, and 0 patient in Group D] ( P<0.01). Conclusion:For patients with unilateral acute Achilles tendon rupture, two weeks of postoperative external fixation after open repair can shorten the time of returning sports, alleviate pain, and promote functional recovery, without increasing the risk of complications.

Objective:To investigate the longitudinal patterns and influencing factors of platelet counts among healthy adults in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2021, and to inform the establishment of region-specific reference intervals for platelet counts.Methods:This study is a retrospective study. A total of 7 808 healthy adults who underwent annual physical examinations at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, between January 2010 and December 2021 were included. All participants were permanent Chengdu residents and completed consecutive complete blood count tests. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to identify distinct trajectories of platelet count over the ten-year period. One-way analyses were then conducted to compare baseline demographic characteristics (sex and age) among the different trajectory groups.Results:Among 7 808 participants, 4 589 (58.8%) were male and 3 219 (41.2%) were female. Four platelet count trajectories were identified by GBTM: steadily increasing group [27.4% (2 139/7 808)], early increase-plateau group [44.1% (3 445/7 808)], early decrease-subsequent increase group [5.4% (422/7 808)], and steadily decreasing group [23.1% (1 802/7 808)], with an average growth rate of 3.3%, 1.6%, 0.7%, and -0.6%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in both sex and age distributions among the four trajectory groups. Sex-distribution differed significantly across the four trajectory groups ( χ2=73.3, P<0.001). The male proportions in the four trajectory groups were 59.6% (1 275/2 139), 62.8% (2 165/3 445), 48.1% (203/422), and 52.5% (946/1 802), respectively. The baseline ages were 45 (36, 55), 43 (35, 53), 50 (40, 60), and 47 (39, 58) years, respectively (H=121.0, P<0.001). Conclusions:Healthy adults in Sichuan Province exhibit four longitudinal trajectories of platelet counts: steadily increasing, early increase-plateau, early decrease-subsequent increase, and steadily decreasing. The two trajectories characterized by rising platelet counts (steadily increasing group and early increase-plateau group) exhibited higher male predominance and lower median ages, whereas the early decrease-subsequent increase group and the steadily decreasing group exhibited lower male proportions and higher median ages. Therefore, while establishing reference intervals and developing health management strategies for platelet counts, it is essential to account for the sex, age characteristics and the population′s dynamic changes.

Humans ; Endovascular Aneurysm Repair ; Stents ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Aortic Dissection/surgery* ; Endovascular Procedures ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; Retrospective Studies

Aim To study the effects of high-fat diet on testicular germ cell apoptosis in mice through endoplasmic reticulum stress. Methods C57BL/6J male mice were assigned into normal group and high-fat diet group randomly, with six mice in each group. The mice in normal group or high-fat diet group were fed with regular or high-fat diet continuously for five months. The mice were weighed, anesthetized, and euthanized to collect testicular and epididymal tissue for analysis. The testicular tissue was weighed and their indices were calculated. Epididymal tissue was collected for semen analysis. The morphological alterations of testicular tissue were observed using hematoxylin-eosin ( HE ) staining. The apoptosis of germ cells was detected by TUNEL staining and the apoptotic indices were calculated. The expression levels of apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins in testicular tissue were detected by Western blot. The protein expression and localization of GRP78 in testicular tissue were further detected by immunofluorescence. Results The results showed that compared to the normal group, the high-fat diet group had a significant increase in body weight, a significant decrease in testicular index, sperm concentration, and sperm vability, loose arrangement of germ cells, significant thinning of the seminiferous epithelium, no significant change in the diameter of seminiferous tubules, a significant increase in germ cell apoptosis , with an increased apoptosis index, and significant increase in expression of Bax and cleaved-caspase-12,and a significant decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression. The expression levels of GRP78 , p-IREl, XBP1, and ATF6a proteins were significantly up-regulated, while p-PERK, p-eIF2a, ATF4 protein expression showed no significant changes. Immunofluorescence results further showed a significant increase in the expression of GRP78 protein in the testicular tissue,with no significant changes in the expression location. Conclusions High-fat diet can induce the apoptosis of mouse testicular germ cells, and the mechanism may be related to the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress IRE1 and ATF6 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo analyze the induction effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum （Fn） on endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins Glucose-regulating protein 78（GRP78） and X-box binding protein 1（XBP1） in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC）， and to explore its potential mechanism and clinical significance. MethodsESCC cells KYSE150 and KYSE140 were infected with Fn for 12 h， 24 h and 48 h. The oxidative stress indexes （ROS， MDA and SOD） and the expression of GRP78 and XBP1 in each group were detected by oxidative stress index kit and Western blot. The experiment was divided into Fn groups， Fn+siNC1 groups， Fn+siGRP78 groups， Fn+siNC2 groups and Fn+siXBP1 groups； the oxidative stress indexes， paclitaxel （PTX） response efficacy， abilities of proliferation， invasion and metastasis in each group were compared. The infection of Fn and the expression of GRP78 and XBP1 in 234 ESCC and paracancerous tissues were detected by RNA scope and immunohistochemistry. The correlation between each factor and clinicopathological characteristics of patients was analyzed by Chi-square test. The influence of each factor on the survival of patients was compared by Kaplan-meier survival estimate. ResultsCompared with Fn uninfected KYSE150 and KYSE140 cells， the content of ROS and MDA was gradually increased， the activity of SOD was gradually decreased， and the expression of GRP78 and XBP1 was gradually increased in Fn infected groups （12 h， 24 h and 48 h） （P < 0.05）. Compared with Fn groups， Fn+siNC1 groups， and Fn+siNC2 groups， ROS and MDA contents were decreased， SOD activity was increased， PTX response efficacy was enhanced， and abilities of proliferation， invasion and metastasis were decreased in Fn+siGRP78 and Fn+siXBP1 groups （P < 0.05）. The rates of Fn， GRP78 and XBP1 in ESCC tissues were 43.16%， 69.66% and 60.68%， respectively. And the three indexes were significantly consistent （P < 0.05）. The patients with positive Fn infection and high expression of GRP78 and XBP1 were mostly males with a history of smoking and drinking， and the tumor differentiation degree was low， the invasion degree was deep， the lymph node metastasis rate was high， and the clinical stage was mostly stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ. The 5-year survival time of patients with above positive indexes was shortened （P < 0.05）. ConclusionsFn could induce endoplasmic reticulum stress by inducing the high expression of GRP78 and XBP1， and promote the malignant evolution of ESCC.