OBJECTIVE: This study explored the job choice preferences of Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) workers to provide CDC management information and recommendations for optimizing employee retention and motivation policies. METHODS: A discrete choice experiment was conducted in nine provinces across China. Seven key attributes were identified to analyze the job preferences of CDC workers. Mixed logit models, latent class models, and policy simulation tools were used. RESULTS: A valid sample of 5,944 cases was included in the analysis. All seven attributes significantly influenced the job choices of CDC workers. Heterogeneity analyses identified two main groups based on different levels of preference for attribute utility. Income-prioritizers were concerned with income and opportunities for career development, whereas bianzhi-prioritizers were concerned with bianzhi and welfare benefits. The policy simulation analysis revealed that income-prioritizers had a relatively higher sensitivity to multiple job preference incentives. CONCLUSION Income and bianzhi were the two key attributes influencing the job choices and retention preferences of CDC workers. Heterogeneity in job preferences was also identified. Based on the preference characteristics of different subgroups, policy content should be skewed to differentiate the importance of incentives.
China ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. ; Middle Aged ; Choice Behavior ; Career Choice ; Motivation

This research investigated the contamination level,distribution of drug-resistant strains,and molecular epidemiologi-cal characteristics of Campylobacter,and further explored transmission pathways and prevention strategies.Cecum,chicken carcass,chicken product,and environmental samples,as well as swabs from workers'hands,were collected from a slaughterhouse in a large broiler group in the Jiaodong area between August 2023 and July 2024.Quantitative contamination assessment of Campylobacter in chicken carcasses and chicken products was performed.After microbial mass spectrometry identification,the representative strains of different links were selected for drug resistance testing and whole genome sequencing(WGS).On the basis of the sequencing results,the resistance genes,virulence genes,multilocus sequence typing(MLST),and phylogenetic characteristics of representative strains were analyzed.Homology comparisons were performed between isolates and strains from patients with diarrhea in the NCBI database.A total of 297 Campylobacter strains were isolated from 806 samples,and the overall detection rate was 36.85%.The detection rate of Campylobacter was highest in the evisceration process(47.33%),followed by the cutting process(35.64%).Overall,the Campylo-bacter detection rate first increased,then decreased,and subsequently increased.Drug sensitivity testing revealed that 90 isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin,and 94.97%of isolates were resistant to tetracycline.WGS showed that both Campylo-bacter jejuni(C.jejuni)and Campylobacter coli(C.coli)carried many drug resistance and virulence genes.ST-14176 of C.jejuni was isolated for the first time herein.The predominant ST-8261 strain of C.jejuni and ST-860,ST-829,and ST-1586 strains of C.coli are known to cause human diarrhea.LOS expression genes associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome(GBS)were detected in both C.jejuni isolates from the slaughter chain and patients with GBS.Some strains exhibited close genetic relatedness to human-derived Campylo-bacter strains from the NCBI database.The detection rate of Campylobacter in the slaughterhouse first increased,then decreased,and subsequently increased,and the quantitative contamination level of each link was similar to the detection rate.Quantitative analysis of chicken carcasses/products revealed that the average bacterial load was highest in eviscerated carcasses(102.80 cfu/g),and the high-est amount of Campylobacter in chicken products reached 451.80 cfu/g.Abundant drug resistance genes and virulence genes were iden-tified,and the drug resistance genes were highly correlated with the drug resistance rate.Therefore,surveillance intensity and control measures for Campylobacter in slaughter processes should be strengthened.

This research investigated the contamination level,distribution of drug-resistant strains,and molecular epidemiologi-cal characteristics of Campylobacter,and further explored transmission pathways and prevention strategies.Cecum,chicken carcass,chicken product,and environmental samples,as well as swabs from workers'hands,were collected from a slaughterhouse in a large broiler group in the Jiaodong area between August 2023 and July 2024.Quantitative contamination assessment of Campylobacter in chicken carcasses and chicken products was performed.After microbial mass spectrometry identification,the representative strains of different links were selected for drug resistance testing and whole genome sequencing(WGS).On the basis of the sequencing results,the resistance genes,virulence genes,multilocus sequence typing(MLST),and phylogenetic characteristics of representative strains were analyzed.Homology comparisons were performed between isolates and strains from patients with diarrhea in the NCBI database.A total of 297 Campylobacter strains were isolated from 806 samples,and the overall detection rate was 36.85%.The detection rate of Campylobacter was highest in the evisceration process(47.33%),followed by the cutting process(35.64%).Overall,the Campylo-bacter detection rate first increased,then decreased,and subsequently increased.Drug sensitivity testing revealed that 90 isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin,and 94.97%of isolates were resistant to tetracycline.WGS showed that both Campylo-bacter jejuni(C.jejuni)and Campylobacter coli(C.coli)carried many drug resistance and virulence genes.ST-14176 of C.jejuni was isolated for the first time herein.The predominant ST-8261 strain of C.jejuni and ST-860,ST-829,and ST-1586 strains of C.coli are known to cause human diarrhea.LOS expression genes associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome(GBS)were detected in both C.jejuni isolates from the slaughter chain and patients with GBS.Some strains exhibited close genetic relatedness to human-derived Campylo-bacter strains from the NCBI database.The detection rate of Campylobacter in the slaughterhouse first increased,then decreased,and subsequently increased,and the quantitative contamination level of each link was similar to the detection rate.Quantitative analysis of chicken carcasses/products revealed that the average bacterial load was highest in eviscerated carcasses(102.80 cfu/g),and the high-est amount of Campylobacter in chicken products reached 451.80 cfu/g.Abundant drug resistance genes and virulence genes were iden-tified,and the drug resistance genes were highly correlated with the drug resistance rate.Therefore,surveillance intensity and control measures for Campylobacter in slaughter processes should be strengthened.

AIM To investigate the effects of ampelopsin-mediated autophagy and apoptosis of human cervical cancer SiHa cells.METHODS After 24 h corresponding administration and culture among the control group,the 3-MA (5 mmol/L) group,the Z-VAD-FMK (50μmol/L) group,the ampelopsin (80μmol/L) group,the 3-MA+ampelopsin group and the Z-VAD-FMK+ampelopsin group,the cells had their cell proliferation inhibition rate detected by MTT method.After 24 h corresponding administration and culture among the control group,the 3-MA (5 mmol/L) group,the ampelopsin (80 μmol/L) group and the 3-MA+ampelopsin group,the cells had their morphological changes observed under electron microscope and their apoptosis detected by Hoechst33258 and AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining.After 24 h corresponding administration and culture among the control group,the Z-VAD-FMK (50μmol/L) group,the ampelopsin (80μmol/L) group and the Z-VAD-FMK+ampelopsin group,the cells had their autophagy and ultrastructure observed by MDC method and transmission electron microscopy.After 12 h corresponding administration and culture among the control group,the 3-MA (5 mmol/L) group,the ampelopsin (80 μmol/L) group,the 3-MA+ampelopsin group or control group,the Z-VAD-FMK (50 μmol/L) group,the ampelopsin (80 μmol/L) group,and the Z-VAD-FMK+ampelopsin group,the cells had their protein expressions of cleaved-PARP,cleaved-Caspase3,Bax,Bcl-2,Atg13,Beclin-1,LC3,and P62 detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the ampelopsin group displayed enhanced proliferation inhibition of SiHa and C-33A cells (P<0.01).Compared with the ampelopsin group,the groups intervened with 3-MA+ampelopsin and Z-VAD-FMK+ampelopsin showed more significantly inhibited proliferation of the two cell lines (P<0.01),and decreased number of living cells.Compared with the ampelopsin group,the 3-MA+ampelopsin group showed increased bright blue fluorescence and apoptosis rate of SiHa cells (P<0.05),increased cleaved PARP,Bax,and P62 protein expressions (P<0.01),and decreased LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio and Bcl-2 protein expression (P<0.01).Compared with the ampelopsin group,the Z-VAD-FMK+ampelopsin group demonstrated increased green dot fluorescence and number of autophagosomes and autopolysosomes,increased LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio,Atg13 and Beclin-1 protein expression (P<0.05,P<0.01);and decreased protein expressions of P62,cleaved-PARP,cleaved-Caspase3 (P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Being an antagonist of human cervical carcinoma SiHa cells,ampelopsin can induce autophagy and apoptosis of the cells through its key target on Beclin-1/Bcl-2.

Aim To explore the effect of total flavonoid extract(TFE)of Ampelopsis megalophylla on the pro-liferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cells and its mechanism in autophagy inhibition.Methods For human cervical cancer cell Hela,human lung cancer cell A549,human liver cancer cell SMMC-7721,human breast cancer cell MCF-7,MDA-MB-231 and human normal liver cell L-02,MTT method was used to select sensitive cell lines.The inhibitory effect of TFE combined with autophagy inhibitor 3-methylade-nine(3-MA)on sensitive cell proliferation was detec-ted using MTT assay.The morphological changes of cells were observed using transmission electron micros-copy and Hoechst 33258 single staining method.The changes in cell apoptosis rate were detected using An-nexin V-FITC/PI dual staining method.The expression levels of apoptosis related proteins and pathway pro-teins(death receptor pathway,mitochondrial pathway,endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway)were detected uisng Western blot.The expression of the key protein Cyt-c in mitochondrial pathway was determiend by im-munofluorescence,and the autophagy agonist rapamy-cin was selected for reverse validation.Results TFE could inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner,and MCF-7 cells were sensitive cell lines.Compared with the TFE group,the TFE+3-MA group significantly increased the inhibition rate of MCF-7 cells at 24,48,and 72 h(P＜0.01).The number of cells decreased,the gap increased,the number of apoptotic bodies increased,and the apoptosis rate increased(P＜0.01).The ex-pression levels of Bax/Bcl-2(P＜0.01),cleaved-caspase3(P＜0.01),Cyt-c(P＜0.05),FADD,and cleaved-caspase-12 all increased,and the expres-sion of apoptotic protein Cyt-c in nucleus increased.The fluorescence of the TFE+RA group decreased,re-versing the mitochondrial pathway apoptosis induced by TFE.Conclusions TFE can significantly inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer cells.When inhib-iting autophagy,it may promote the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells through the mitochondrial pathway,and activa-ting autophagy can reverse apoptosis.

AIM To investigate the effects of ampelopsin-mediated autophagy and apoptosis of human cervical cancer SiHa cells.METHODS After 24 h corresponding administration and culture among the control group,the 3-MA (5 mmol/L) group,the Z-VAD-FMK (50μmol/L) group,the ampelopsin (80μmol/L) group,the 3-MA+ampelopsin group and the Z-VAD-FMK+ampelopsin group,the cells had their cell proliferation inhibition rate detected by MTT method.After 24 h corresponding administration and culture among the control group,the 3-MA (5 mmol/L) group,the ampelopsin (80 μmol/L) group and the 3-MA+ampelopsin group,the cells had their morphological changes observed under electron microscope and their apoptosis detected by Hoechst33258 and AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining.After 24 h corresponding administration and culture among the control group,the Z-VAD-FMK (50μmol/L) group,the ampelopsin (80μmol/L) group and the Z-VAD-FMK+ampelopsin group,the cells had their autophagy and ultrastructure observed by MDC method and transmission electron microscopy.After 12 h corresponding administration and culture among the control group,the 3-MA (5 mmol/L) group,the ampelopsin (80 μmol/L) group,the 3-MA+ampelopsin group or control group,the Z-VAD-FMK (50 μmol/L) group,the ampelopsin (80 μmol/L) group,and the Z-VAD-FMK+ampelopsin group,the cells had their protein expressions of cleaved-PARP,cleaved-Caspase3,Bax,Bcl-2,Atg13,Beclin-1,LC3,and P62 detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the ampelopsin group displayed enhanced proliferation inhibition of SiHa and C-33A cells (P<0.01).Compared with the ampelopsin group,the groups intervened with 3-MA+ampelopsin and Z-VAD-FMK+ampelopsin showed more significantly inhibited proliferation of the two cell lines (P<0.01),and decreased number of living cells.Compared with the ampelopsin group,the 3-MA+ampelopsin group showed increased bright blue fluorescence and apoptosis rate of SiHa cells (P<0.05),increased cleaved PARP,Bax,and P62 protein expressions (P<0.01),and decreased LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio and Bcl-2 protein expression (P<0.01).Compared with the ampelopsin group,the Z-VAD-FMK+ampelopsin group demonstrated increased green dot fluorescence and number of autophagosomes and autopolysosomes,increased LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio,Atg13 and Beclin-1 protein expression (P<0.05,P<0.01);and decreased protein expressions of P62,cleaved-PARP,cleaved-Caspase3 (P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Being an antagonist of human cervical carcinoma SiHa cells,ampelopsin can induce autophagy and apoptosis of the cells through its key target on Beclin-1/Bcl-2.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on threshold of pain, gait, proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cell in rats with acute blunt trauma of gastrocnemius muscle, and to explore the possible mechanism of electroacupuncture in promoting the repair of acute injury of skeletal muscle. METHODS: A total of 48 SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group (6 rats), a model group (24 rats) and an electroacupuncture group (18 rats). In the model group and the electroacupuncture group, the model of acute blunt trauma of gastrocnemius muscle was established by self-made impactor. In the electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture was applied at "Chengshan" (BL 57) and "Yanglingquan" (GB 34) on the right side, with disperse-dense wave, in frequency of 2 Hz/100 Hz, once a day, 30 min each time. Electroacupuncture intervention was performed for 3, 7 and 14 days according to the sampling time. On the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after modeling, the mechanical withdrawal pain threshold of hindfoot was detected by Von Frey method; the standing time and the maximum contact area of the right hindfoot were recorded by Cat Walk XT^TM animal gait analysis instrument; the morphology of the right gastrocnemius muscle and the number of inflammatory cells were observed by HE staining; the positive expression of paired box gene 7 (Pax7) and myogenic differentiation (MyoD) of the right gastrocnemius muscle was detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: After modeling, the muscle fiber rupture and massive infiltration of red blood cells and inflammatory cells were observed in the right gastrocnemius muscle; after electroacupuncture intervention, the morphology of muscle fiber was intact and the infiltration of inflammatory cells was improved. Compared with the blank group, in the model group, the differences of mechanical withdrawal pain threshold between the left and right foot were increased (P<0.05), the standing time was shortened and the maximum contact area of the right hindfoot was decreased (P<0.05), the number of inflammatory cells and the positive expression of Pax7 and MyoD of the right gastrocnemius muscle were increased (P<0.05) on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after modeling. Compared with the model group, in the electroacupuncture group, the differences of mechanical withdrawal pain threshold were decreased (P<0.05), the standing time was prolonged (P<0.05), the number of inflammatory cells of right gastrocnemius muscle was decreased (P<0.05) on the 7th and 14th days after modeling; the maximum contact area of the right hindfoot was increased (P<0.05), the positive expression of MyoD of the right gastrocnemius muscle was increased (P<0.05) on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after modeling; the positive expression of Pax7 of the right gastrocnemius muscle was increased (P<0.05) on the 3rd day after modeling. CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture can effectively improve the pain threshold and gait in rats with acute blunt trauma of gastrocnemius muscle, and promote the repair of skeletal muscle injury, the mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of Pax7 and MyoD, so as to promoting the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cell.
Animals ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle ; Electroacupuncture ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Gait ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating ; Pain ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation

Aim To investigate the effects of total flavonoids from Rosa rugosa (TFR) on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats, and to investigate whether TFR inhibited neuronal apoptosis by regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathways. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, low-dose group (50 mg · kg

The common data model (CDM) is an important tool to facilitate the standardized integration of multi-source heterogeneous healthcare big data, enhance the consistency of data semantic understanding, and promote multi-party collaborative analysis. The data collections standardized by CDM can provide powerful support for observational studies, such as large-scale population cohort study. This paper provides an in-depth comparative analysis of the data storage structure, term mapping pattern, and auxiliary tools development of the three international typical CDMs, then analyzes the advantages and limitations of each CDM and summarizes the challenges and opportunities faced in the CDM application in China. It is expected that exploring the advanced technical concepts and practical patterns of foreign countries in data management and sharing will provide references for promoting FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) construction of healthcare big data in China and solving the current practical problems, such as the poor quality of data resources, the low degree of semantization, and the inabilities of data sharing and reuse.
Humans ; Big Data ; China ; Cohort Studies ; Data Collection ; Information Dissemination

An open reading frame (ORF) of isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase gene (FuIPI) was cloned from Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K. C. Hsia. (F. unibracteata). Furthermore, the bioinformatics and functional analyses of FuIPI were performed in this study. The result showed that, the ORF of FuIPI gene was 825 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 274 amino acids in length, with a relative molecular mass of about 31 kD and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.61. Sequence analysis showed that FuIPI contained conserved structural domains and key residues involved in the catalyzing process. The phylogenetic analysis exhibited that FuIPI was closely related to IPIs of Dendrobium officinale and Musa acuminate. Real-time PCR analysis showed that FuIPI was distributed in different tissues of F. unibracteata, but had the highest transcriptional level in leaves, followed by stems, bulbs, and flowers. Furthermore, the FuIPI protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The purified FuIPI protein successfully catalyzed the conversion from isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). The above results provided a theoretical basis for further investigation of the molecular role of FuIPI in the biosynthesis of alkaloids.