Objective To compare the clinical efficacy, safety, and patient’ prognosis of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) via anterior tibial vein and popliteal vein approaches in the treatment of acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 195 patients diagnosed with acute mixed lower extremity DVT and treated with CDT in the Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2020 to December 2023. Patients were divided into an observation group (anterior tibial vein approach, n＝97) and a control group (popliteal vein approach, n＝98) according to the puncture route. Baseline data, thrombolysis-related indices (urokinase dosage, coagulation function indices), efficacy measures (degree of thrombus dissolution, leg circumference difference, visual analogue scale [VAS] score, venous clinical severity score [VCSS]), recovery parameters (time to ambulation, length of hospital stay), complication rates, and long-term prognosis measures (Villalta score, incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome [PTS]) were compared between the two groups. Results There was no statistically significant difference in urokinase dosage and levels of coagulation function indices between the two groups. Postoperatively, the leg circumference difference at 15 cm below the knee, VAS score, and VCSS score were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P＝0.001). The observation group had higher grade Ⅲ dissolution rates in the popliteal and anterior tibial veins compared to the control group (P＜0.05), while differences of dissolution rates in the iliac and femoral veins were not statistically significant. The observation group had shorter length of hospital stay and earlier ambulation times than the control group (P＝0.001). There were no significant differences in complication rates, Villalta scores, or PTS incidence between the two groups. Conclusions CDT via the anterior tibial vein puncture approach for acute mixed lower extremity DVT is superior to the popliteal vein approach in promoting resolution of lower extremity swelling, alleviating pain, improving venous clinical symptoms, and achieving higher thrombus dissolution rates in the popliteal and anterior tibial veins. It also enables faster recovery and demonstrates good safety.

Investigating the correlation between micronucleus formation and male infertility has the potential to improve clinical diagnosis and deepen our understanding of pathological progression. Our study enrolled 2252 male patients whose semen was analyzed from March 2023 to July 2023. Their clinical data, including semen parameters and age, were also collected. Genetic analysis was used to determine whether the sex chromosome involved in male infertility was abnormal (including the increase, deletion, and translocation of the X and Y chromosomes), and subsequent semen analysis was conducted for clinical grouping purposes. The participants were categorized into five groups: normozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia, oligoasthenozoospermia, and azoospermia. Patients were randomly selected for further study; 41 patients with normozoospermia were included in the control group and 117 patients with non-normozoospermia were included in the study group according to the proportions of all enrolled patients. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) screening was conducted through peripheral blood. Statistical analysis was used to determine the differences in micronuclei (MNi) among the groups and the relationships between MNi and clinical data. There was a significant increase in MNi in infertile men, including those with azoospermia, compared with normozoospermic patients, but there was no significant difference between the genetic and nongenetic groups in azoospermic men. The presence of MNi was associated with sperm concentration, progressive sperm motility, immotile spermatozoa, malformed spermatozoa, total sperm count, and total sperm motility. This study underscores the potential utility of MNi as a diagnostic tool and highlights the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of male infertility.
Humans ; Male ; Infertility, Male/genetics* ; Adult ; Micronucleus Tests ; Semen Analysis ; Oligospermia/genetics* ; Azoospermia/genetics* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Sperm Count ; Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective ; Middle Aged

The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as other potential future coronavirus has challenged the effectiveness of current COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, there remains a need for alternative antivirals that target processes less susceptible to mutations, such as the formation of six-helix bundle (6-HB) during the viral fusion step of host cell entry. In this study, a novel high-throughput screening (HTS) assay employing a yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) system was established to identify inhibitors of HR1/HR2 interaction. The compound IMB-9C, which achieved single-digit micromolar inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 and its Omicron variants with low cytotoxicity, was selected. IMB-9C effectively blocks the HR1/HR2 interaction in vitro and inhibits SARS-CoV-2-S-mediated cell-cell fusion. It binds to both HR1 and HR2 through non-covalent interaction and influences the secondary structure of HR1/HR2 complex. In addition, virtual docking and site-mutagenesis results suggest that amino acid residues A930, I931, K933, T941, and L945 are critical for IMB-9C binding to HR1. Collectively, in this study, we have developed a novel screening method for HR1/HR2 interaction inhibitors and identified IMB-9C as a potential antiviral small molecule against COVID-19 and its variants.

As an important tissue of the body(accounting for approximately 40％of body weight),skel-etal muscle is composed of various cell types such as muscle fibers,muscle stem cells,and endothelial cells.It participates in physiological processes including movement,energy metabolism,and internal en-vironment homeostasis through temporal and spatial specific regulation.Its development is divided into two critical stages:embryonic and postnatal periods.Abnormal development can lead to diseases such as muscular dystrophy and directly affect the yield and quality of livestock meat.In recent years,the combi-nation of single-cell transcriptomics(scRNA-seq)and spatial omics(single-cell spatial omics technolo-gy)has provided a high-resolution research tool for analyzing the spatiotemporal dynamic regulatory net-work and intercellular interactions in skeletal muscle development.This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle development and its application value in animal husbandry breeding,and systematically combs the research progress,analysis processes,data resources,and future directions of single-cell omics,spatial omics,and single-cell spatial omics technology in skeletal muscle development.Among them,single-cell omics can reveal the heterogeneity of skeletal muscle cells,myofiber differentia-tion trajectories in different livestock and poultry(such as cattle,pigs,and Tibetan chickens)through methods like pseudotime analysis and RNA velocity analysis.Furthermore,single-cell omics can identify key transcription factors(e.g.,MYF5,MYOD1)and cell communication pathways(e.g.,FGF7-FG-FR2),and simultaneously clarify the molecular differences in myoblast differentiation timing and cell composition ratio among different breeds.Relying on technologies such as Visium and Seq-Scope,spatial omics realizes the spatial localization of gene expression in pathological models of mice,Atlantic salmon,and broiler chickens.Spatial omics also clarifies the spatial distribution laws of neuromuscular junction region-specific genes and inflammation-fibrosis cascade reactions,and makes up for the defect of losing spatial context in single-cell technology.Although there are limited direct application cases of single-cell spatial omics technology,it has already analyzed the abnormal fate of myoblasts in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy through MERFISH technology.In terms of technology selection,it is necessary to consider research objectives,molecular modalities,and resolution requirements.At the same time,data analysis needs to address challenges such as data sparsity through methods like DCA denoising and RCTD cell type mapping.In addition,this article summarizes 16 muscle development-related databases inclu-ding HCA and PanglaoDB.This review further discusses the potential applications of these three types of technologies in the directional regulation of myoblast fate,precise intervention in the growth cycle,im-provement of microenvironment interactions,and the development of multi-omics genetic breeding mod-els.This paper is providing a more comprehensive and detailed theoretical reference and technical sup-port for basic research on skeletal muscle development and practical applications in the animal husbandry industry.

Objective To compare the efficacy of modified radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with sclerosing agent injection and high stripping and ligation (HSL) combined with sclerosing agent injection in the treatment of great saphenous vein varicosity. Methods A total of 220 patients (252 affected limbs) who underwent surgery for great saphenous vein varicosity at Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from May 2022 to March 2024 were selected. They were divided into RFA group (110 patients and 125 affected limbs treated with modified RFA combined with sclerosing agent injection) and HSL group (110 patients and 127 affected limbs treated with HSL combined with sclerosing agent injection) according to the surgical methods. The treatment effect, surgical time, bleeding during the surgery, time to get out of bed after surgery, and various postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. The pain level, disease severity, and the quality of life were measured using the visual analog scale (VAS), venous clinical severity score (VCSS) and chronic venous insufficiency questionnaire-14 item (CIVIQ-14), respectively. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the total effective rate between the two groups of patients, but the distribution of efficacy levels in the RFA group was better than that in the HSL group (P＝0.044). Compared with the HSL group, the RFA group had shorter surgery time, fewer incisions during surgery, less bleeding during the surgical process, shorter time to get out of bed after surgery（P＜0.01）, and a lower overall complication rate (P＝0.006). The RFA group had lower postoperative VAS, VCSS, and CIVIQ-14 scores than the HSL group 1 month after surgery (P＜0.01). During 6 months of postoperative follow-up, the recurrence rates were similar between the two groups. Conclusions Compared with HSL combined with sclerosing agent injection, the modified RFA combined with sclerosing agent injection for the great saphenous vein varicosity has the advantages of less trauma, faster recovery, fewer complications, better postoperative quality of life, and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

In a healthy human, the airway mucus forms a thin, protective liquid layer covering the surface of the respiratory tract. It comprises a complex blend of mucin, multiple antibacterial proteins, metabolic substances, water, and electrolytes. This mucus plays a pivotal role in the lungs' innate immune system by maintaining airway hydration and capturing airborne particles and pathogens. However, heightened mucus secretion in the airway can compromise ciliary clearance, obstruct the respiratory tract, and increase the risk of pathogen colonization and recurrent infections. Consequently, a thorough exploration of the mechanisms driving excessive airway mucus secretion is crucial for establishing a theoretical foundation for the eventual development of targeted drugs designed to reduce mucus production. Across a range of lung diseases, excessive airway mucus secretion manifests with unique characteristics and regulatory mechanisms, all intricately linked to mucin. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms associated with excessive airway mucus secretion in several prevalent lung diseases.
Humans ; Mucus/metabolism* ; Mucins/physiology* ; Lung Diseases/metabolism* ; Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology* ; Asthma/physiopathology* ; Cystic Fibrosis/physiopathology* ; Mucociliary Clearance/physiology*

Objective To explore the quality markers of Puerariae Lobatue Radix;To predict its"efficacy component group"with alcohol detoxification and liver protection effects.Methods Fingerprints of 26 batches of Puerariae Lobatue Radix samples from different origins in China was established.Multivariate statistical analysis was employed to identify quality markers,while network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict the potential"efficacy component group".Results UPLC fingerprint analysis calibrated 11 common peaks.Clustering analysis classified 26 batches of samples into 3 categories,and 7 quality markers were ultimately screened through multivariate statistical analysis,including mirificin,puerarin,puerarin-6''-O-xyloside,3'-methoxypuerarin,ononin,genistin and daidzin.Network pharmacology revealed that all 7 markers interacted with targets related to alcohol-associated liver disease,identifying 19 core targets such as TNF,CASP3,BCL2,MMP9,IL2,and 93 signaling pathways involving IL-17 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding affinity between the 7 markers and target proteins,with binding energies<-5 kcal/mol.Conclusion The"efficacy component group",main targets and signaling pathways predicted in this study can provide support for the research on the mechanism,material basis and quality control of the alcohol detoxification and liver protection effects of Puerariae Lobatue Radix.

Objective:To explore the relationship between impulsivity traits,anxiety,and symptoms of eating disorders,with a focus on the mediating effect of anxiety between impulsivity and eating disorder symptoms.Me-thods:A total of 244 patients with eating disorders meeting the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa(AN)and bulimia nervosa(BN)were enrolled,and the Eating Disorder Inventory-1(EDI-1),Barratt Impulsive-ness Scale(BIS-11),and the State Anxiety Inventory(SAI)were assessed.Mediation role analysis was performed by SPSS macro PROCESS program.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between the total score of BIS-11,SAI and EDI-1 in AN and BN patients(AN,r=0.56,0.63,0.72;P＜0.001.BN,r=0.51,0.31,0.56;P＜0.001 or P＜0.01).The total score of SAI played a mediating effect between the total score of BIS-11 and the total score of EDI-1,but the total score of SAI played a partial mediating effect(effect ratio was 46.9％)in patients with AN,and the total score of SAI played a full mediating effect in patients with BN.Conclusion:Impulsive trait and anxiety may be positive predictors of eating disorder symptoms.Anxiety mediates the relationship between impul-sivity trait and eating disorder symptoms,with a partial mediating effect in patients with AN and a full mediating effect in patients with BN.

Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)constitutes the largest portion of lung cancer overall,with high incidence and mortality rates.Apoptosis,is a hot focus in the clinical treatment of NSCLC,its main pathways include the extrinsic death receptor pathway,intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway,collectively regulating the cellular apoptosis process.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has significant efficacy in the treatment and prognosis of NSCLC,with advantages such as boosting the body's resistance and less adverse drug reactions.Studies have shown that various individual Chinese herbal medicines and compound formulas can treat NSCLC through the apoptosis pathway,alleviating the adverse drug reaction of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Based on this,this article summarizes recent domestic and international literature,focusing on apoptosis,to summarize the research progress of TCM in treating NSCLC by regulating apoptosis,aiming to provide reference for clinical treatment for NSCLC.

Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)constitutes the largest portion of lung cancer overall,with high incidence and mortality rates.Apoptosis,is a hot focus in the clinical treatment of NSCLC,its main pathways include the extrinsic death receptor pathway,intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway,collectively regulating the cellular apoptosis process.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has significant efficacy in the treatment and prognosis of NSCLC,with advantages such as boosting the body's resistance and less adverse drug reactions.Studies have shown that various individual Chinese herbal medicines and compound formulas can treat NSCLC through the apoptosis pathway,alleviating the adverse drug reaction of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Based on this,this article summarizes recent domestic and international literature,focusing on apoptosis,to summarize the research progress of TCM in treating NSCLC by regulating apoptosis,aiming to provide reference for clinical treatment for NSCLC.