Stroke is one of the main diseases that threaten human health,including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke,with the former being the main cause.The important pathogenesis of ischemic stroke includes neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,and excitatory toxic damage,and neuroinflammation plays an impor-tant role in the pathogenesis and rehabilitation process of ische-mic stroke.Microglia are inherent immune cells in the central nervous system,which monitor the site of injury and respond to the immune response as soon as a stroke occurs.The activated microglia are mainly polarized into pro-inflammatory M1 type and anti-inflammatory M2 type.The latter improves neurological dys-function by inhibiting neuroinflammation,promoting neuronal re-generation and myelin repair,and maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.It suggests that it may be a potential target for treating ischemic stroke by combating acute phase injury and promoting chronic phase rehabilitation.Precise regulation of M1/M2 activation has important therapeutic value in cerebral protection in ischemic stroke.This article focuses on the role of M2 microglia in ischemic stroke and the mechanism of various drugs or acupuncture and moxibustion therapy regulating the transformation of microglia into M2 type,in order to provide theo-retical basis for clinical treatment of stroke and new drug devel-opment.

Stroke is one of the main diseases that threaten human health,including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke,with the former being the main cause.The important pathogenesis of ischemic stroke includes neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,and excitatory toxic damage,and neuroinflammation plays an impor-tant role in the pathogenesis and rehabilitation process of ische-mic stroke.Microglia are inherent immune cells in the central nervous system,which monitor the site of injury and respond to the immune response as soon as a stroke occurs.The activated microglia are mainly polarized into pro-inflammatory M1 type and anti-inflammatory M2 type.The latter improves neurological dys-function by inhibiting neuroinflammation,promoting neuronal re-generation and myelin repair,and maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.It suggests that it may be a potential target for treating ischemic stroke by combating acute phase injury and promoting chronic phase rehabilitation.Precise regulation of M1/M2 activation has important therapeutic value in cerebral protection in ischemic stroke.This article focuses on the role of M2 microglia in ischemic stroke and the mechanism of various drugs or acupuncture and moxibustion therapy regulating the transformation of microglia into M2 type,in order to provide theo-retical basis for clinical treatment of stroke and new drug devel-opment.

Aim To explore the effect of tanshinone II A (Tan II A) on reverse cholesterol transport in atherosclerosis model mice and RAW264. 7 cells and the underlying mechanism. Methods Thirty-two male LDLR -/- mice were randomly divided into four groups. These mice were fed with normal diet or high fat diet for 12 weeks. The control group and model group were given normal saline. Tan II A group and atorvastatin group were given Tan II A solution and atorvastatin solution for 12 weeks. RAW264. 7 cells were induced with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) 100 mg • L-

OBJECTIVE To explore the neuro-protective effects of saffron (Crocus satius L.) on chronic focal cerebral ischemia in rats.METHODS SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:sham control group,MCAO group,edaravone group and saffron 30,100,300 mg·kg-1groups.Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).Saffron was administered orally by once daily from 2 h to 42 d after ischemia. At 42 d after cerebral ischemia, neurological deficit score, spontaneous activity test,elevated plus maze test,marble burying test and novel objective recognition test were used to evaluate the effects of saffron on the behevioural change. Infarct volume, survival neuron density, activated astrocyte number, and the thickness of glial scar were also detected. GFAP expression and inflammatory cytokine contents in ischemic peripheral region were detected by Western blot and ELISA,separately.RESULTS Saffron(100,300 mg·kg-1)improved the body weight decrease, neurological deficit and spontaneous activity. Saffron (30-300 mg·kg- 1) increased the traveled distance ratio and total time in open arm, decreased the buried marble number, which indicated that saffron could ameliorate anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Saffron (100, 300 mg·kg-1)improved the learning and memory function,which manifested by increased discrimination ratio(DR)and discrim-ination index (DI) in T2test. The results of toluidine blue found saffron treatment (100, 300 mg·kg-1) decreased the infarct volume and increased the neuron density in cortex and hippocampal.The activated astrocyte number,the thickness of glial scar and GFAP expression in ischemic peripheral region decreased after saffron. Saffron (100, 300 mg·kg-1) decreased the contents of IL-6 and IL-1β, increased the content of IL-10 in ischemic peripheral region.CONCLUSION Saffron exerted neuro-protective effects on chronic focal cerebral ischemia,which could be related with inhibiting the activation of astrocyte and glial scar,following with the decrease of inflammatory reaction.