The scaphoid bone is one of the important bone of hand,which is frequently injured and difficult to treat in clinical practice.Therefore,it is very important to deeply study the microstructure and biomechanical characteristics of the scaphoid bone for understanding its injury mechanism and optimizing treatment scheme.Microcomputed tomography(micro-CT)provides high-resolution imaging of bone tissue,while finite element analysis can help to simulate the stress distribution and behavioral patterns of the scaphoid bone under various physiological and pathological states.The high-resolution three-dimensional image of the scaphoid bone obtained by micro-CT technology can be used to construct finite element models of real anatomical structure of the scaphoid bone,thus achieving accurate simulation of the mechanical properties of the scaphoid bone.The fusion of these two advanced technologies provides a new perspective for revealing the structural and functional relationships and injury mechanism of the scaphoid bone.Therefore,this paper reviews the anatomical characteristics of the scaphoid bone and its biomechanical behavior in different states,emphasizing the specific applications and advantages of micro-CT and finite element analysis techniques in the study of the scaphoid bone.By summarizing the research findings in recent years,this paper provides novel scientific basis and methods for the diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of scaphoid bone-related disorders.

Objective To explore the anesthetic effects of remimazolam combined with nalbuphine on patients undergoing painless gastroscopy.Methods A total of 120 patients who underwent painless gastroscopy in Handan Central Hospital from August 2019 to May 2021 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group(60 cases)and the control group(60 cases).Patients in the observation group anesthetized with remimazolam and nalbuphine,while patients in the control group anesthetized with propofol and alfentanil.The vital signs,sedative effect,recovery quality,cognitive function,and adverse reactions of patients were compared between the two groups.Results The heart rate(HR),respiratory rate(RR),and the level of pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2)of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Five minutes after the examination,the Narcotrend score of patients in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The time from the last administration to awakening,the time from gastroscopy removal to awakening,and the time of leaving the anesthesia recovery room of patients in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).Five minutes after the examination,the score of the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),while the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The application of remimazolam combined with nalbuphine anesthesia in painless gastroscopy has a relatively ideal effect,which can effectively reduce the adverse reactions of patients and promote rapid postoperative recovery.

Objective To analyze the implementation of MPOWER tobacco control policies in different regions and populations in China,as well as the impact of perceptions of tobacco control policies on individual smoking behavior and quit intentions,to promote the fairness of policy implementation and protection for vulnerable groups.Methods A multivariable regression model was constructed utilizing raw data from the China Adult Tobacco Survey to analyze disparities in perceived MPOWER policy implementation among various social demographics and its impact on smoking behavior and quitting intentions.Results Regarding protection from tobacco smoke(P),local economic level,urban-rural divide were significantly correlated with awareness of comprehensive smoking bans.For offering help to quit smoking(O),local tobacco industry revenue and individual age were associated with the doctor's advice for quitting.As to the warning about the harm of tobacco(W),economic level,geography and urban-rural disparity were correlated with the visibility of health warnings.About the tobacco advertising,promotion and sponsorship(E),geography was related to the exposure to tobacco advertisements,local tobacco industry revenue was associated with the tobacco promotion.For tobacco taxes(R),education level and age were significantly correlated with tobacco affordability.People who perceived comprehensive smoking bans(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.59-0.81)was associated with less smoking behavior,while people perceiving tobacco promotional activities(OR=2.51,95%CI:2.00-3.17)were more likely to smoke.Additionally,people who perceived comprehensive smoking bans(OR=1.70,95%CI:1.25-2.31)and health warning(OR=2.09,95%CI:1.48-3.01)had higher intention to quit smoking.Conclusion In economically disadvantaged regions and among specific socially vulnerable groups(such as low-income individuals,rural residents,and the elderly)in China,the perception of tobacco control policy implementation is relatively low,the perception of tobacco control policies can influence smoking behavior and quitting intentions.Legislative and enforcement efforts should be increased targeting these groups with lower perceptions of the policies to enhance the fairness of tobacco control measures.

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the material basis of toad visceral oil(hereafter referred to as toad oil), and explore the pharmacological effect of toad oil on atopic dermatitis(AD). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) were employed to comprehensively identify the chemical components in toad oil. The animal model of AD was prepared by the hapten stimulation method. The modeled animals were respectively administrated with positive drug(0.1% hydrocortisone butyrate cream) and low-and high-doses(1%, 10%) of toad oil by gavage. The effect of toad oil on AD was evaluated with the AD score, ear swelling rate, spleen index, and pathological section results as indicators. A total of 99 components were identified by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS, including 14 bufadienolides, 7 fatty acids, 6 alkaloids, 10 ketones, 18 amides, and other compounds. After methylation of toad oil samples, a total of 20 compounds were identified by GC-MS. Compared with the model group, the low-and high-dose toad oil groups showed declined AD score, ear swelling rate, and spleen index, alleviated skin lesions, and reduced infiltrating mast cells. This study comprehensively analyzes the chemical composition and clarifies the material basis of toad oil. Meanwhile, this study proves that toad oil has a good therapeutic effect on AD and is a reserve resource of traditional Chinese medicine for external use in the treatment of AD.
Animals ; Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Male ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Bufonidae ; Oils/administration & dosage* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVE: To explore a predictive model that can better predict the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and validate its clinical value. METHODS: Clinical data of 134 newly treated DLBCL patients were collected from Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2015 to January 2020. Several risk factors of the patients were screened and analyzed, a novel prognostic model were then established based on this, and its clinical application potential was validated. RESULTS: In the novel model, predicting progression-free survival (PFS) based on the age at initial treatment, albumin level, Hans classification, Ann Arbor stage, and BCL2 expression showed better predictive performance than International Prognostic Index (IPI) score (AUC: 0.788 vs 0.620，P <0.001). Predicting overall survival (OS) based on the age at initial treatment, albumin level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, and expressions of BCL2 and MUM1 proteins also showed better predictive performance for mortality risk than IPI score (AUC: 0.817 vs 0.624，P <0.001). CONCLUSION This novel prognostic model can better predict the survival prognosis of DLBCL patients compared to the IPI scoring system.
Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis* ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism* ; Risk Factors ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of avatrombopag（AVA） combined with rhIL-11 in treating thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia. METHODS: The clinical information of 8 patients in the real world who received avatrombopag combined with rhIL-11 in cancer treatment-induced thrombocytopenia(CTIT) after AML chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed, and at the same time, 8 patients who received rhIL-11 only in CTIT after AML chemotherapy served as the control group, A preliminary observation was to summarize and compare the therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects between the two groups. RESULTS: D3 and D7 platelet counts were not significantly different between the observation group and the control group after treatment. The platelet counts in the observation group was significantly higher than those of the control group on the 10th day after treatment (P < 0.01). The adverse reactions, such as weakness, abdominal pain, fatigue, nausea and edema after treatment were mild in the observation group and the control group. Except for one patient in the observation group who had a history of cerebral infarction before the onset of the disease and was routinely taking antiplatelet drugs, no thrombosis events occurred in the patients in the observation and control groups during the period of administration of the drug, and the total incidence rate of adverse reactions was not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION The combination of AVA and rhIL-11 can enhance platelet recovery in CTIT of AML patients after chemotherapy. Compared with the rhIL-11 alone group, the platelet recovery time in AVA+rhIL-11 group was significantly shorter, the platelet count on the 10th day after drug administration was significantly higher. No statistically significant difference in the total incidence rate of adverse reactions was observed between rhIL-11 alone group and AVA+rhIL-11 group.
Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy* ; Thrombocytopenia/chemically induced* ; Interleukin-11/therapeutic use* ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Thiophenes/therapeutic use* ; Platelet Count ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thiazoles

Stroke is one of the main diseases that threaten human health,including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke,with the former being the main cause.The important pathogenesis of ischemic stroke includes neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,and excitatory toxic damage,and neuroinflammation plays an impor-tant role in the pathogenesis and rehabilitation process of ische-mic stroke.Microglia are inherent immune cells in the central nervous system,which monitor the site of injury and respond to the immune response as soon as a stroke occurs.The activated microglia are mainly polarized into pro-inflammatory M1 type and anti-inflammatory M2 type.The latter improves neurological dys-function by inhibiting neuroinflammation,promoting neuronal re-generation and myelin repair,and maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.It suggests that it may be a potential target for treating ischemic stroke by combating acute phase injury and promoting chronic phase rehabilitation.Precise regulation of M1/M2 activation has important therapeutic value in cerebral protection in ischemic stroke.This article focuses on the role of M2 microglia in ischemic stroke and the mechanism of various drugs or acupuncture and moxibustion therapy regulating the transformation of microglia into M2 type,in order to provide theo-retical basis for clinical treatment of stroke and new drug devel-opment.

Objective To explore the anesthetic effects of remimazolam combined with nalbuphine on patients undergoing painless gastroscopy.Methods A total of 120 patients who underwent painless gastroscopy in Handan Central Hospital from August 2019 to May 2021 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group(60 cases)and the control group(60 cases).Patients in the observation group anesthetized with remimazolam and nalbuphine,while patients in the control group anesthetized with propofol and alfentanil.The vital signs,sedative effect,recovery quality,cognitive function,and adverse reactions of patients were compared between the two groups.Results The heart rate(HR),respiratory rate(RR),and the level of pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2)of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Five minutes after the examination,the Narcotrend score of patients in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The time from the last administration to awakening,the time from gastroscopy removal to awakening,and the time of leaving the anesthesia recovery room of patients in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).Five minutes after the examination,the score of the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),while the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The application of remimazolam combined with nalbuphine anesthesia in painless gastroscopy has a relatively ideal effect,which can effectively reduce the adverse reactions of patients and promote rapid postoperative recovery.

Stroke is one of the main diseases that threaten human health,including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke,with the former being the main cause.The important pathogenesis of ischemic stroke includes neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,and excitatory toxic damage,and neuroinflammation plays an impor-tant role in the pathogenesis and rehabilitation process of ische-mic stroke.Microglia are inherent immune cells in the central nervous system,which monitor the site of injury and respond to the immune response as soon as a stroke occurs.The activated microglia are mainly polarized into pro-inflammatory M1 type and anti-inflammatory M2 type.The latter improves neurological dys-function by inhibiting neuroinflammation,promoting neuronal re-generation and myelin repair,and maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.It suggests that it may be a potential target for treating ischemic stroke by combating acute phase injury and promoting chronic phase rehabilitation.Precise regulation of M1/M2 activation has important therapeutic value in cerebral protection in ischemic stroke.This article focuses on the role of M2 microglia in ischemic stroke and the mechanism of various drugs or acupuncture and moxibustion therapy regulating the transformation of microglia into M2 type,in order to provide theo-retical basis for clinical treatment of stroke and new drug devel-opment.

Objective To analyze the implementation of MPOWER tobacco control policies in different regions and populations in China,as well as the impact of perceptions of tobacco control policies on individual smoking behavior and quit intentions,to promote the fairness of policy implementation and protection for vulnerable groups.Methods A multivariable regression model was constructed utilizing raw data from the China Adult Tobacco Survey to analyze disparities in perceived MPOWER policy implementation among various social demographics and its impact on smoking behavior and quitting intentions.Results Regarding protection from tobacco smoke(P),local economic level,urban-rural divide were significantly correlated with awareness of comprehensive smoking bans.For offering help to quit smoking(O),local tobacco industry revenue and individual age were associated with the doctor's advice for quitting.As to the warning about the harm of tobacco(W),economic level,geography and urban-rural disparity were correlated with the visibility of health warnings.About the tobacco advertising,promotion and sponsorship(E),geography was related to the exposure to tobacco advertisements,local tobacco industry revenue was associated with the tobacco promotion.For tobacco taxes(R),education level and age were significantly correlated with tobacco affordability.People who perceived comprehensive smoking bans(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.59-0.81)was associated with less smoking behavior,while people perceiving tobacco promotional activities(OR=2.51,95%CI:2.00-3.17)were more likely to smoke.Additionally,people who perceived comprehensive smoking bans(OR=1.70,95%CI:1.25-2.31)and health warning(OR=2.09,95%CI:1.48-3.01)had higher intention to quit smoking.Conclusion In economically disadvantaged regions and among specific socially vulnerable groups(such as low-income individuals,rural residents,and the elderly)in China,the perception of tobacco control policy implementation is relatively low,the perception of tobacco control policies can influence smoking behavior and quitting intentions.Legislative and enforcement efforts should be increased targeting these groups with lower perceptions of the policies to enhance the fairness of tobacco control measures.