1.Expert consensus on early orthodontic treatment of class III malocclusion.
Xin ZHOU ; Si CHEN ; Chenchen ZHOU ; Zuolin JIN ; Hong HE ; Yuxing BAI ; Weiran LI ; Jun WANG ; Min HU ; Yang CAO ; Yuehua LIU ; Bin YAN ; Jiejun SHI ; Jie GUO ; Zhihua LI ; Wensheng MA ; Yi LIU ; Huang LI ; Yanqin LU ; Liling REN ; Rui ZOU ; Linyu XU ; Jiangtian HU ; Xiuping WU ; Shuxia CUI ; Lulu XU ; Xudong WANG ; Songsong ZHU ; Li HU ; Qingming TANG ; Jinlin SONG ; Bing FANG ; Lili CHEN
International Journal of Oral Science 2025;17(1):20-20
The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
Humans
;
Malocclusion, Angle Class III/classification*
;
Orthodontics, Corrective/methods*
;
Consensus
;
Child
2.Mechanism of senegenin in improving lipopolysacchride-induced inflammatory response of BV2 microglial cell
Bing-Tao MU ; Min-Fang GUO ; Jing-Wen YU ; Jia-Lei CAO ; Feng-Jun YANG ; Si-Wei JIA ; Qing SU ; Tao MENG ; Cun-Gen MA ; Jie-Zhong YU ; Li-Juan SONG
Medical Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army 2025;50(2):188-196
Objective To investigate the mechanism by which Senegenin(SEN)alleviates microglial inflammatory response through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)pathway.Methods BV2 mouse microglia cells were randomly divided into control group,model group,SEN group and MCC950 group.Cells in control group were not treated,and cells in model group were added with 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide(LPS);Cells in SEN group were added with 1 μg/ml LPS+4 μmol/L SEN,and cells in MCC950 group were added with 1 μg/ml LPS+10 μmol/L MCC950 for 24 hours.CCK-8 method was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of SEN on the viability of BV2 cells.Griess method was used to determine the release amount of nitric oxide(NO)in the supernatant.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3,lymphocyte apoptosis-associated spect-like protein containing a CARD(ASC),caspase-1,interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18 mRNA.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression levels of ASC,IL-1β,Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1).Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of NLRP3,caspase-1,ASC,IL-1β,IL-18,Nrf2,HO-1,nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).Results The results of CCK-8 method showed that there was no significant difference in the viability of BV2 cells treated with 2~20 μmol/L SEN compared with control group(P>0.05).Compared with control group,the viability of BV2 cells in model group decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with model group,the viability of BV2 cells in 4 μmol/L SEN group was significantly restored(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the results of Griess method showed that the release amount of NO in cells of model group increased significantly(P<0.05);the results of real-time PCR showed that the expression levels of NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA in cells of model group increased significantly(P<0.05);the results of Western blotting showed that the protein expression levels of NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 proteins in cells of model group increased significantly(P<0.05),and the immunofluorescence staining results showed that the expression levels of iNOS and NF-κB protein in cells of model group increased,and the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 decreased,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Compared with model group,the release amount of NO in cells of SEN group and MCC950 group decreased,and the expression levels of NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA and proteins decreased,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05);in the SEN group,the expression levels of iNOS and NF-κB decreased,and immunofluorescence staining showed that Nrf2 was translocated into the nucleus,and the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins increased significantly,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusions SEN could alleviate the inflammatory response of mouse microglia cells induced by LPS and inhibit the activation and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome,with an effect comparable to that of the inflammasome inhibitor MCC950.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of the expression of upstream factors Nrf2 and HO-1.
3.Brain function and connection in patients with refractory overactive bladder and healthy population: Analysis based on resting-state functional MRI.
Yu-Wei ZHANG ; Si-Yi FU ; Yu-Min LIU ; Hui-Hui SONG ; Peng JIANG ; Jia XU ; Bin HU
National Journal of Andrology 2025;31(1):39-44
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the characteristics of central nervous system regulation in patients with refractory overactive bladder (rOAB) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), and to analyze the differences in brain function and connection between the patients and healthy population.
METHODS:
From May 1 to November 30, 2024, we performed rs-fMRI for 47 rOAB patients and another 47 matched healthy controls, documented relevant clinical data from all the participants and obtained their Overactive Bladder Symptom Scores (OABSS) and Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-Q) scores. Based on rs-fMRI, we compared the results of Independent Component Analysis (ICA), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and degree centrality (DC) between the rOAB patients and healthy controls.
RESULTS:
The rOAB patients, in comparison with the healthy controls, showed dramatically higher daytime urination frequency (11.64 ± 3.85) vs (5.76 ± 0.91), nighttime urination frequency (3.72 ± 1.64) vs (0.31 ± 0.47), OABSS (8.22 ± 2.21) vs (0.64±0.78), OAB-Q1 score (20.85 ± 5.28) vs (6.78 ± 1.04), and OAB-Q2 score (45.04 ± 12.11) vs (14.51 ± 1.66) (all P<0.01). No statistically significant differences were observed in the results of ICA and ALFF between the right superior frontal and right middle frontal regions in the rOAB patients (P>0.05), but fALFF, ReHo and DC were significantly decreased in the patients compared with those in the healthy controls (P<0.01).
CONCLUSION
Compared with healthy population, the functions and connection of the frontal superior right and frontal middle right brain regions in rOAB patients are significantly down-regulated, which may serve as new therapeutic targets.
Humans
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Urinary Bladder, Overactive/physiopathology*
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
;
Brain/physiopathology*
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Female
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Male
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Adult
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Surveys and Questionnaires
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Case-Control Studies
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Middle Aged
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Rest
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Brain Mapping
4.Presenteeism in Agricultural, Forestry and Fishing Workers:Based on the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Sang-Hee HONG ; Eun-Chul JANG ; Soon-Chan KWON ; Hwa-Young LEE ; Myoung-Je SONG ; Jong-Sun KIM ; Mid-Eum MOON ; Sang-Hyeon KIM ; Ji-Suk YUN ; Young-Sun MIN
Journal of Agricultural Medicine & Community Health 2024;49(1):1-12
Objectives:
Presenteeism is known to be a much more economically damaging social cost than disease rest while going to work despite physical pain. Since COVID-19, social discussions on the sickness benefit have been taking place as a countermeasure against presenteeism, and in particular, farmers and fishermen do not have an institutional mechanism for livelihood support when a disease other than work occurs. This study attempted to examine the relationship between agricultural, fishing, and forestry workers and presenteeism using the 6th Korean Work Conditions Survey.
Methods:
From October 2020 to January 2021, data from the 6th working conditions survey conducted on 17 cities and provinces in Korea were used, and a total of 34,981 people were studied. Control variables were gender, age, self-health assessment, education level, night work, shift work, monthly income, occupation, working hours per week, and employment status.
Results:
As a result of the analysis, farmers and fishermen showed the characteristics of the self-employed and the elderly, and as a result of the regression analysis, when farmers and fishermen analyzed the relationship with presenteeism tendency compared to other industry workers, farmers and fishermen increased by 23% compared to other industry groups.
Conclusion
This study is significant in that it has representation by utilizing the 6th working conditions survey and objectively suggests the need for a sickness benefit for farmers and fishermen who may be overlooked in the sickness benefit.
5.Presenteeism in Agricultural, Forestry and Fishing Workers:Based on the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Sang-Hee HONG ; Eun-Chul JANG ; Soon-Chan KWON ; Hwa-Young LEE ; Myoung-Je SONG ; Jong-Sun KIM ; Mid-Eum MOON ; Sang-Hyeon KIM ; Ji-Suk YUN ; Young-Sun MIN
Journal of Agricultural Medicine & Community Health 2024;49(1):1-12
Objectives:
Presenteeism is known to be a much more economically damaging social cost than disease rest while going to work despite physical pain. Since COVID-19, social discussions on the sickness benefit have been taking place as a countermeasure against presenteeism, and in particular, farmers and fishermen do not have an institutional mechanism for livelihood support when a disease other than work occurs. This study attempted to examine the relationship between agricultural, fishing, and forestry workers and presenteeism using the 6th Korean Work Conditions Survey.
Methods:
From October 2020 to January 2021, data from the 6th working conditions survey conducted on 17 cities and provinces in Korea were used, and a total of 34,981 people were studied. Control variables were gender, age, self-health assessment, education level, night work, shift work, monthly income, occupation, working hours per week, and employment status.
Results:
As a result of the analysis, farmers and fishermen showed the characteristics of the self-employed and the elderly, and as a result of the regression analysis, when farmers and fishermen analyzed the relationship with presenteeism tendency compared to other industry workers, farmers and fishermen increased by 23% compared to other industry groups.
Conclusion
This study is significant in that it has representation by utilizing the 6th working conditions survey and objectively suggests the need for a sickness benefit for farmers and fishermen who may be overlooked in the sickness benefit.
6.Increased Apolipoprotein B/ Apolipoprotein A-I Ratio Is Associated With Decline in Lung Function in Healthy Individuals: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study
Jonghoo LEE ; Hye Kyeong PARK ; Min-Jung KWON ; Soo-Youn HAM ; Hyun-Il GIL ; Si-Young LIM ; Jae-Uk SONG
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2024;39(6):e51-
Background:
Lung dysfunction and high apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I (apoB/apoA-I) ratio are both recognized risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, few studies have examined the association between the apoB/ApoA-I ratio and lung function. Therefore, we investigated whether this ratio is associated with decreased lung function in a large healthy cohort.
Methods:
We performed a cohort study on 68,418 healthy Koreans (34,797 males, mean age:38.1 years) who underwent a health examination in 2019. ApoB/apoA-I ratio was categorized into quartiles. Spirometric values at the fifth percentile in our population were considered the lower limit of normal (LLN), which was used to define lung function impairment. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using the lowest quartile as the reference, were estimated to determine lung function impairment.
Results:
Mean apoB/apoA-I ratio was 0.67 ± 0.21. Subjects with the highest quartile of this ratio had the lowest predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 %) and forced vital capacity (FVC%) after controlling for covariates (P < 0.001). However, FEV1 /FVC ratio was not significantly different among the four quartiles (P = 0.059). Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1, reference), the aORs (95% CI) for FEV1 % < LLN across increasing quartiles (from Q2 to Q4) were 1.216 (1.094–1.351), 1.293 (1.156–1.448), and 1.481 (1.311– 1.672) (P for trend < 0.001), respectively. Similarly, the aORs for FVC% < LLN compared with the reference were 1.212 (1.090–1.348), 1.283 (1.147–1.436), and 1.502 (1.331–1.695) with increasing quartiles (P for trend < 0.001). However, the aORs for FEV1 /FVC < LLN were not significantly different among groups (P for trend = 0.273).
Conclusion
High apoB/apoA-I ratio was associated with decreased lung function. However, longitudinal follow-up studies are required to validate our findings.
7.A 32-year-old man with plexiform schwannoma of the thyroid gland: a case report
Il Rae PARK ; Min Chong KIM ; Seung Min CHUNG ; Si Youn SONG
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science 2024;41(4):312-317
Plexiform schwannomas representing a rare subset, comprise 5% of all schwannomas. However, their occurrence in the thyroid gland is exceptionally rare. A 32-year-old male presented with an incidentally discovered, asymptomatic thyroid mass. Imaging revealed an approximately 5 cm heterogeneous solid mass on the right thyroid lobe extending to the upper mediastinum and directly invading the upper trachea. Under the suspicion of thyroid malignancy, the patient underwent right thyroidectomy. Histological examination confirmed a plexiform schwannoma with S100-positive spindle cells. Currently, the patient is undergoing outpatient follow-up, with no reported complications. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of plexiform schwannoma of the thyroid gland within the English literature. This case highlights the diverse and unpredictable clinical manifestations of thyroid masses, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosing and managing rare entities, such as thyroid gland schwannomas.
8.Isolation and Identification of Antifungal Metabolites from Juncus torreyi
Seong Ho PARK ; Ji Won KANG ; Ga Hyeon PARK ; So-Jung JO ; Kyung-Won MIN ; Kyu Song LEE ; Hyun Bong PARK
Natural Product Sciences 2024;30(2):161-166
Plants belonging to the genus Juncus are widely distributed across North America, which are known to make a diverse array of bioactive natural products. In 2022, Juncus torreyi, a species of Juncus, was firstly found in Korea. Morphological and ecological characteristics of the species have been previously investigated;however, bioactive chemical potentials still remain to be explored. In the present work, we focused on the isolation and characterization of metabolites that harbor growth inhibitory activity against a fungal indicator, Candida albicans. Using activity-guided discovery method, we subsequently isolated and purified three metabolites from the most active methylene chloride-soluble fraction. Through NMR and high-resolution ESIOrbitrap-MS data analysis, the metabolites were structurally determined to be juncatrin B (1), ensifolin I (2), and juncusol (3). Metabolites 1–3 were evaluated for their C. albicans growth inhibitory activity and revealed inhibition with an IC 50 value of 74.3, 31.5, and 64.6 μg/mL, respectively.
9.Bulk Modification with Inorganic Particles and Immobilization of Extracellular Vesicles onto PDO Composite for Facial Rejuvenation
Seung-Woon BAEK ; Dong Min KIM ; Semi LEE ; Duck Hyun SONG ; Gi-Min PARK ; Chun Gwon PARK ; Dong Keun HAN
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 2024;21(2):199-208
BACKGROUND:
The skin, a vital organ protecting against microorganisms and dehydration, undergoes structural decline with aging, leading to visible issues such as wrinkles and sagging. Reduced blood vessels exacerbate vulnerability, hindering optimal cellular function and compromising skin health. Polydioxanone (PDO) biomaterials address aging concerns but produce acidic byproducts, causing inflammation. Inorganic particles and nitric oxide (NO) play crucial roles in inhibiting inflammation and promoting skin regeneration. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to intercellular communication, offering the potential to enhance cell functions. The study proposes a method to enhance PDO-based medical devices by incorporating inorganic particles and immobilizing EVs, focusing on facial rejuvenation, anti-inflammatory response, collagen formation, and angiogenesis.METHOD: PDO composites with inorganic particles such as magnesium hydroxide (MH) and zinc oxide (ZO) were prepared and followed by EV immobilization. Comprehensive characterization included biocompatibility, anti-inflammation, collagen formation ability, and angiogenesis ability.
RESULTS:
Bulk-modified PDO composites demonstrated even dispersion of inorganic particles, pH neutralization, and enhanced biocompatibility. EVs immobilized on the composite surface exhibited spherical morphology. Inflammationrelated gene expressions decreased, emphasizing anti-inflammatory effects. Collagen-related gene and protein expressions increased, showcasing collagen formation ability. In addition, angiogenic capabilities were notably improved, indicating potential for skin rejuvenation.
CONCLUSION
The study successfully developed and characterized PDO composites with inorganic particles and EVs, demonstrating promising attributes for medical applications. These composites exhibit biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory properties, collagen formation ability, and angiogenic potential, suggesting their utility in skin rejuvenation and tissue engineering. Further research and clinical validation are essential.
10.A Machine Learning Model for Prostate Cancer Prediction in Korean Men
Sukjung CHOI ; Beomgi SO ; Shane OH ; Hongzoo PARK ; Sang Wook LEE ; Geehyun SONG ; Jong Min LEE ; Jung Ki JO ; Seon Hyeok KIM ; Si Eun LEE ; Eun-Bi CHO ; Jae Hung JUNG ; Jeong Hyun KIM
Journal of Urologic Oncology 2024;22(3):201-210
Purpose:
Unnecessary prostate biopsies for detecting prostate cancer (PCa) should be minimized. Therefore, this study developed a machine learning (ML) model to predict PCa in Korean men and evaluated its usability.
Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 928 patients who underwent prostate biopsies at Kangwon National University Hospital between May 2013 and May 2023. Of these, 377 (41.6%) were diagnosed with PCa, and 551 (59.4%) did not have cancer. For external validation, clinical data from 385 patients aged 48–89 years who underwent prostate biopsies from September 2005 to September 2023 at Wonju Severance Christian Hospital were also included. Twenty-two clinical features were used to develop an ML model to predict PCa. Features were selected based on their contributions to model performance, leading to the inclusion of 15 features. A meta-learner was constructed using logistic regression to predict the probability of PCa, and the classifier was trained and validated on randomly extracted training and test sets at an 8:2 ratio.
Results:
The prostate health index, prostate volume, age, nodule on digital rectal examination, and prostate-specific antigen were the top 5 features for predicting PCa. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the meta-learner logistic regression model was 0.89, and the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.828, 0.711, and 0.909, respectively. Our model also showed excellent prediction performance for high-grade PCa, with a Gleason score of 7 or higher and an AUC of 0.903. Furthermore, we evaluated the performance of the model using external cohort clinical data and achieved an AUC of 0.863.
Conclusions
Our ML model excelled in predicting PCa, specifically clinically significant PCa. Although extensive cross-validation in other clinical cohorts is needed, this ML model is a promising option for future diagnostics.

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