The promulgation of the Technical Specifications for Clinical Use of Blood (2025 Edition) signifies that China's clinical blood transfusion management has transitioned from mere technical operations to a new stage centered on patient blood management (PBM). Through an in-depth comparison of the new and old specifications, this paper analyzes the core transformations regarding conceptual reconstruction, legal alignment, technological upgrades, and closed-loop management. The new specifications establish PBM principles, reinforce legal safeguards for informed consent and emergency treatment, and construct a comprehensive, refined quality control system by specifying compatibility testing standards and introducing a post-transfusion evaluation system. Medical institutions should seize this opportunity to update management protocols and information systems, deepen multidisciplinary collaboration, and drive the profound transformation of clinical blood use from focusing solely on safety assurance to placing equal emphasis on science and value.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the anatomical relationship among the nerve roots, intervertebral space, pedicles, and intradural rootlets of the cervical spine for improving operative outcomes and exploring neuroventral decompression approach in posterior endoscopic cervical discectomy (PECD). Methods: Cervical computed tomography myelography imaging data from January 2021 to May 2023 were collected, and the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer Software was employed to conduct multiplane reconstruction. The following parameters were recorded: width of nerve root (WN), nerve root-superior pedicle distance (NSPD), nerve root-inferior pedicle distance (NIPD), and the relationship between the intervertebral space and the nerve root (shoulder, anterior, and axillary). Additionally, the descending angles between the spinal cord and the ventral (VRA) and dorsal (DRA) rootlets were measured. Results: The WN showed a gradual increase from C4 to C7, with measurements notably larger in men compared to women. The NSPD decreased gradually from the C2–3 to the C5–6 levels. However, the NIPD showed an opposite level-related change, notably larger than the NSPD at the C4–5, C5–6, and C7–T1 levels. Furthermore, significant differences in NIPD were observed between different age groups and genders. The incidence of the anterior type exhibited a gradual decrease from the C2–3 to the C5–6 levels. Conversely, the axillary type exhibited an opposite level-related change. Additionally, the VRA and DRA decreased as the level descended, with measurements significantly larger in females. Conclusion A prediction of the positional relationship between the intervertebral space and the nerve root is essential for the direct neuroventral decompression in PECD to avoid damaging the neural structures. The axillary route of the nerve root offers a safer and more effective pathway for performing direct neuroventral decompression compared to the shoulder approach.

Human non-histone lysine crotonylation plays crucial roles in biological activities.However,traditional wet-lab experiments are time-consuming and labor-intensive,making computational prediction methods increasingly popular in recent years.Despite the biological importance of lysine crotonylation,there are relatively few studies on human non-histone proteins.In this study,we developed an ensemble deep learning predictor named iHNHC-RsFPN by constructing a Residual Pyramid Network(RsFPN).First,three feature extraction methods were employed to encode sequence samples.Next,weak classifi-ers based on RsFPN were individually trained for different feature types.Finally,these weak classifiers were integrated to build a robust final predictor.Independent test results demonstrated that iHNHC-RsF-PN achieved outstanding performance across four key metrics:sensitivity(Sn=0.8580),specificity(Sp=0.7463),accuracy(Acc=0.7798),and Matthews correlation coefficient(MCC=0.5586).Comparative experiments revealed that iHNHC-RsFPN significantly improved prediction accuracy for hu-man non-histone crotonylation sites over existing methods.Additionally,we established a user-friendly web server(http://www.lzzzlab.top/ihnc/)that provides straightforward prediction services without complex calculations,facilitating further research for experts in related fields.

Objective To investigate the effect of tissue-resident memory T cells(TRM)on imiquimod-induced psoriatic-like skin lesions in mice,and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of TRM involvement in this process.Methods Forty female BALB/c mice were procured and randomly allocated into four groups:ten in the blank control group,and thirty for the establishment of a psoriasis mouse model.Following successful modeling,the thirty mice were further randomized into three groups:the model control group,the methotrexate-treated group,and the imiquimod-treated group,with ten mice in each group.Mice in the blank control group and model control group were uniformly treated with Vaseline for intervention.The methotrexate group and the imiquimod group were treated with 62.5mg of 5％imiquimod cream.The methotrexate group was administered by gavage at a dose of 1 mg/kg,and the gavage volume of each group was 10 mL/kg.The model control group,blank group and imiquimod group were gavaged with the same volume of normal saline.Treatment was conducted over six consecutive days.Subsequently,comparisons were made across groups regarding the psoriasis area and severity index(PASI),histopathological findings,inflammatory cytokine levels,and TRM cell levels.Results(1)The imiquimod group exhibited signifi-cantly lower scores for erythema(2.54±0.32),skin thickening(2.59±0.25),and scaling(2.52±0.29)compared to the methotrexate group,model control group,and blank control group(P<0.05).Additionally,the methotrexate group demonstrated reduced scores for erythema,skin thickening,and scaling compared to the model control group(P<0.05).(2)Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining revealed that the epidermis in the methotrexate group became thin-ner,with fewer parakeratotic cells and increased hair follicles.Conversely,the imiquimod group displayed abnor-mal cell morphology and relatively thicker white skin after modeling.(3)The imiquimod group showed significantly lower levels of TNF-α(51.63±4.39 pg/mL),IL-1β(35.53±4.15 pg/mL),IFN-γ(23.43±3.41 pg/mL),and IL-23(15.24±2.95 pg/mL)compared to the methotrexate and model control groups(P<0.05).Similarly,the methotrexate group exhibited reduced levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IFN-γ,and IL-23 compared to the model control group(P<0.05).(4)The imiquimod group had significantly lower levels of CD8+CD103+cells(15.39±2.31)than the methotrexate and model control groups(P<0.05).Furthermore,the methotrexate group demonstrated lower levels of CD8+CD103+cells compared to the model control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Miquimod induces heavier skin lesions,faster response,and more epidermal thickening in psoriasis like mice.CD8+CD103+TRM cells and inflammatory factors may be involved in the recurrence of psoriasis.

With the increase of patients with end-stage renal disease and the increasing complexity of dialysis machines,the traditional fixed cycle empirical preventive maintenance model has revealed its disadvantages,such as wasted resources and frequent failures.This paper focuses on the optimization of the dialysis machine's proactive maintenance plan based on risk as-sessment,analyzing its cutting-edge working principles,and involving advanced technologies such as semi-permeable membranes and intelligent magnetic levitation drives.It also explores composite failures,such as nanoscale biological contamination,and provides solutions.It innovatively proposes to build a multi-dimensional integrated risk assessment system,collect heterogeneous data from multiple sources,establish a risk factor library,and develop a dynamic adaptive risk model.Based on this,a proactive maintenance strategy is designed to break the fixed cycle and use an intelligent platform to flexibly schedule maintenance accord-ing to the risk level.By integrating pre-diagnosis and self-healing technologies,it can predict and automatically repair minor fail-ures in advance using microsensors.This promotes the intelligence of the dialysis machine-related industry,but future efforts are still needed to cultivate cutting-edge technologies to protect kidney health.

Objective To construct an exercise intervention scheme for postoperative colorectal cancer patients and evaluate its application.Methods The research team summarized the evidence on exercise recommendations for patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)and constructed an exercise intervention scheme through group discussion,expert consultation,semi-structured interviews,and onsite consultation.Patients with CRC admitted to the Department of Colorectal Surgery of a tertiary A hospital in Jilin province were selected as the study subjects by a convenience sampling method from October 2023 to March 2024.The test group and the control group included 35 patients in each group.The test group received basic nursing and exercise intervention,the control group received basic nursing and knowledge-based education.The 2 groups were compared in terms of physical activity,number of 30 s chair-stand test,and physical activity compliance score at 1 week post-intervention and 1 month post-intervention.Results There were 4 cases dropped in the test group and 3 cases dropped in the control group.The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed that there were between-group and time interaction effects for walking time,sedentary time,and the number of chair stands in 30 s in the 2 groups(P＜0.05).The experimental group's walking time,sedentary time,the number of chair stands in 30 s,moderate physical activity time and the physical activity compliance scores were better than those of the control group after the intervention,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion This exercise intervention based on a multi-theory model significantly increased the moderate physical activity time and walking time,decreased the sedentary time and improved compliance with physical activity recommendations,which may improve lower limb muscle strength in postoperative colorectal cancer patients.

AIM To investigate the inhibitory effect of gallic acid on HCC1806 triple-negative breast cancer xenograft growth in nude mice.METHODS The nude mouse models of HCC1806 triple-negative breast cancer xenograft growth were established and randomly divided into the model group,the gallic acid group(200 mg/kg)and the adriamycin group(5 mg/kg),with 6 mice in each group.After 21 days of respective drug administration,the nude mice were killed and had their xenografts procured and measured.The nude mice had their serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α detected by ELISA;their morphological changes of xenografts observed with HE staining;their protein expressions of p53,PCNA and Ki67 in xenograft detected by immunohistochemistry;their mRNA expressions of PCNA,Ki67,Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3,PI3K,Akt,JNK and p38 detected by RT-qPCR;and their protein expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3,cleaved-Caspase-3,PI3K,p-PI3K,Akt,p-Akt,JNK,p-JNK,p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK in xenografts detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the groups intervened with either gallic acid or adriamycin shared decreased tumor weight(P＜0.05);increased serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);condensed or irregular nuclei of xenograft,and increased number of cell necrosis;increased protein expressions of p53 and Bax and the ratios of cleaved-Caspase-3/Caspase-3,p-JNK/JNK and p-p38/p38 in xenograft(P＜0.01);decreased protein expressions of PCNA,Ki67 and Bcl-2 and the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt(P＜0.01);decreased mRNA expressions of PCNA,Ki67,Bcl-2,PI3K and Akt(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and increased mRNA expressions of Caspase-3,Bax,JNK and p38(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Gallic acid can inhibit HCC1806 triple-negative breast cancer xenograft growth in nude mice,and the underlying mechanism may involve suppression of pro-cell proliferation proteins,activation of pro-apoptotic proteins,and modulation of the PI3K/Akt and JNK/p38 signaling pathways.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of pathogens and the risk of urinary tract infection for hospitalized spinal cord injury (SCI) patients.Methods:A total of 152 hospitalized SCI patients with a urinary tract infection were randomly divided into a complicated infection group (77 cases) and an uncomplicated infection group (75 cases) according to the diagnostic criteria for urinary tract infection. Univariate analysis quantified any correlation of urinary tract infection with gender, age, etiology, course of disease, injury level, injury degree, indwelling catheter use, diabetes history, hypoproteinemia, pressure ulcers, bladder compliance, maximum bladder manometric volume, maximum detrusor pressure during urine storage and detrusor overactivity during urine storage. Multivariate logistic regressions were evaluated to determine the independent risk factors.Results:A total of 124 pathogens were found in the subjects′ urine cultures. They included 83 gram-negative (G-) bacteria (66.94%), 31 gram-positive (G+ ) bacteria (25.00%), 9 fungi (7.26%) and 1 mycoplasm. The most common G- pathogen was Escherichia coli (42, 50.60%) with Enterococcus faecium (6, 19.35%) the most common G+. Overall, the five most common pathogens were Escherichia coli (42 strains, 33.87%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10 strains, 8.06%), Proteus mirabilis (8 strains, 6.45%), Acinetobacter baumannii (7 strains, 5.65%), and Enterococcus faecium (6 strains, 4.84%). The univariate analysis showed that the etiology, injury level, injury degree, an indwelling catheter, pressure ulcers, maximum cystometric capacity, maximum detrusor pressure and detrusor overactivity in the storage phase were predictors of infection. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that complete injury, an indwelling catheter, and increased maximum detrusor pressure in the storage phase were the independent risk factors.Conclusions:Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen causing urinary tract infection among SCI patients undergoing rehabilitation during hospitalization. Complete injury, an indwelling catheter, and increased maximum detrusor pressure in storage phase may be independent risk factors for urinary tract infection among such patients.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of pathogens and the risk of urinary tract infection for hospitalized spinal cord injury (SCI) patients.Methods:A total of 152 hospitalized SCI patients with a urinary tract infection were randomly divided into a complicated infection group (77 cases) and an uncomplicated infection group (75 cases) according to the diagnostic criteria for urinary tract infection. Univariate analysis quantified any correlation of urinary tract infection with gender, age, etiology, course of disease, injury level, injury degree, indwelling catheter use, diabetes history, hypoproteinemia, pressure ulcers, bladder compliance, maximum bladder manometric volume, maximum detrusor pressure during urine storage and detrusor overactivity during urine storage. Multivariate logistic regressions were evaluated to determine the independent risk factors.Results:A total of 124 pathogens were found in the subjects′ urine cultures. They included 83 gram-negative (G-) bacteria (66.94%), 31 gram-positive (G+ ) bacteria (25.00%), 9 fungi (7.26%) and 1 mycoplasm. The most common G- pathogen was Escherichia coli (42, 50.60%) with Enterococcus faecium (6, 19.35%) the most common G+. Overall, the five most common pathogens were Escherichia coli (42 strains, 33.87%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10 strains, 8.06%), Proteus mirabilis (8 strains, 6.45%), Acinetobacter baumannii (7 strains, 5.65%), and Enterococcus faecium (6 strains, 4.84%). The univariate analysis showed that the etiology, injury level, injury degree, an indwelling catheter, pressure ulcers, maximum cystometric capacity, maximum detrusor pressure and detrusor overactivity in the storage phase were predictors of infection. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that complete injury, an indwelling catheter, and increased maximum detrusor pressure in the storage phase were the independent risk factors.Conclusions:Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen causing urinary tract infection among SCI patients undergoing rehabilitation during hospitalization. Complete injury, an indwelling catheter, and increased maximum detrusor pressure in storage phase may be independent risk factors for urinary tract infection among such patients.

Human non-histone lysine crotonylation plays crucial roles in biological activities.However,traditional wet-lab experiments are time-consuming and labor-intensive,making computational prediction methods increasingly popular in recent years.Despite the biological importance of lysine crotonylation,there are relatively few studies on human non-histone proteins.In this study,we developed an ensemble deep learning predictor named iHNHC-RsFPN by constructing a Residual Pyramid Network(RsFPN).First,three feature extraction methods were employed to encode sequence samples.Next,weak classifi-ers based on RsFPN were individually trained for different feature types.Finally,these weak classifiers were integrated to build a robust final predictor.Independent test results demonstrated that iHNHC-RsF-PN achieved outstanding performance across four key metrics:sensitivity(Sn=0.8580),specificity(Sp=0.7463),accuracy(Acc=0.7798),and Matthews correlation coefficient(MCC=0.5586).Comparative experiments revealed that iHNHC-RsFPN significantly improved prediction accuracy for hu-man non-histone crotonylation sites over existing methods.Additionally,we established a user-friendly web server(http://www.lzzzlab.top/ihnc/)that provides straightforward prediction services without complex calculations,facilitating further research for experts in related fields.