Humans ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ; Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery* ; Carcinoma/surgery*

ObjectiveTo establish a quantitative analysis multi-components by single marker method （QAMS） for five main components （aucubin， geniposidic acid， chlorogenic acid， asperuloside and rutin） in Eucommiae Folium， to verify its feasibility and applicability in the determination of Eucommiae Folium， so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of quality standard of this herb. MethodHigh performance liquid chromatography was performed on a Welch Boltmatetm™ C₁₈ column （4.6 mm×100 mm， 2.7 μm） with methanol （A）-0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution （B） as the mobile phase for gradient elution （0-8 min， 3%A； 8-10 min， 3%-11%A； 10-26 min， 11%A； 26-27 min， 11%-25%A； 27-60 min， 25%-32%A）， the column temperature was set at 30 ℃， the flow rate was 0.6 mL·min^-1， the detection wavelengths were at 210 nm and 254 nm. Chlorogenic acid was used as an internal reference to establish the relative correction factors （f） between it and the other four components， and the contents of the five components in 14 batches of Eucommiae Folium were determined by QAMS and external standard method （ESM）， respectively. ResultThe f values of chlorogenic acid to aucubin， geniposidic acid， asperuloside and rutin were 3.13， 1.45， 2.64 and 0.56， respectively. Repeatability was good under different experimental conditions， relative standard deviation （RSD） was <5.0%. The contents of aucubin， geniposidic acid， chlorogenic acid， asperuloside and rutin in 14 batches of Eucommiae Folium were 1.340-28.975， 0.252-36.086， 10.016-27.443， 1.396-8.646， 0.533-1.766 mg·g^-1， respectively. There were no significant difference between content results of QAMS and that of ESM （RSD<5.0%）. ConclusionQAMS established with chlorogenic acid as the internal reference can be used to determine the contents of five components in Eucommiae Folium， and this method is simple and accurate. After comprehensive evaluation， the quality standard of Eucommiae Folium in subsequent editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia is suggested that three main active components， chlorogenic acid， aucubin and geniposidic acid， are selected as quality markers， and their content limits are recommended not less than 1.5%， 1.0% and 1.0%， respectively. This quality standard draft can avoid the potential quality risk due to poor specificity and low content limit of the index component （chlorogenic acid） in the previous editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

International research on healthy life expectancy (HALE) focuses on inequality of socioeconomic status and individual natural attributes. With the acceleration of population ageing and the increase in average life expectancy, the extension of unhealthy life expectancy and the increase of social and economic burden caused by diseases have gradually attracted the attention of countries around the world. Therefore, the evaluation of disease factors affecting HALE is a meaningful direction in the future. This study introduces the development process and commonly used measurement methods of HALE. According to the definition of health from the Global Burden of Disease Study and World Health Organization, physical and mental diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, malignant tumors and depression were selected to summarize the impact of these diseases and pre-disease states on HALE. It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of relevant public health policies and the improvement of quality of life in China.
Humans ; Healthy Life Expectancy ; Quality of Life ; Life Expectancy ; Causality ; Social Class

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the difference in intestinal microbiota between preterm infants with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) and those without NDI. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, the preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from September 1, 2019 to September 30, 2021 were enrolled as subjects. According to the assessment results of Gesell Developmental Scale at the corrected gestational age of 1.5-2 years, they were divided into two groups: normal (n=115) and NDI (n=100). Fecal samples were collected one day before discharge, one day before introducing solid food, and at the corrected gestational age of 1 year. High-throughput sequencing was used to compare the composition of intestinal microbiota between groups. RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, the NDI group had a significantly higher Shannon diversity index at the corrected gestational age of 1 year (P<0.05). The principal coordinate analysis showed a significant difference in the composition of intestinal microbiota between the two groups one day before introducing solid food and at the corrected gestational age of 1 year (P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, the NDI group had a significantly higher abundance of Bifidobacterium in the intestine at all three time points, a significantly higher abundance of Enterococcus one day before introducing solid food and at the corrected gestational age of 1 year, and a significantly lower abundance of Akkermansia one day before introducing solid food (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in the composition of intestinal microbiota between preterm infants with NDI and those without NDI. This study enriches the data on the characteristics of intestinal microbiota in preterm infants with NDI and provides reference for the microbiota therapy and intervention for NDI in preterm infants.
Infant ; Child ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Infant, Premature ; Prospective Studies ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; China ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; Gestational Age

BACKGROUND: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is the most common complaint associated with menstruation and affects up to three-quarters of women at some stage of their reproductive life. In Chinese medicine, navel therapy, treatment provided at Shenque (CV 8), is used as a treatment option for PD. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of navel therapy on pain relief and quality of life in women with PD, compared with Western medicine (WM). METHODS: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), SinoMed and Wanfang Database, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and the International Clinical Trial Registry of the U.S. National Institutes of Health were searched from their inceptions to April 1, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing therapeutic effects of navel therapy on PD were eligible for inclusion. RevMan 5.4 software was used for data analyses. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the online GRADEpro tool. RESULTS: Totally 24 RCTs involving 2,614 participants were identified. Interventions applied to acupuncture point CV 8 included: herbal patching, moxibustion or combined navel therapy (using at least 2 types of stimulation). Compared to placebo, there was a significant effect in favor of navel therapy on reducing overall menstrual symptom scores at the end of treatment [mean difference: -0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.00 to -0.64, n=90; 1 RCT]. As compared with Western medicine, navel therapy had a superior effect on pain intensity as assessed by Visual Analogue Scale at the end of treatment [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.64, 95% CI: -1.22 to -0.06, I²=80%, n=262; 3 RCTs]; on symptom resolution rate at 3-month follow-up (risk ratio: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.47 to 2.56, n=1527, I²=38%; 13 RCTs); and on global menstrual symptoms score at the end of treatment (SMD: -0.67, 95% CI: -0.90 to -0.45, I²=63%, n=990; 12 RCTs). Subgroup analyses showed either a better or an equivalent effect comparing navel therapy with Western medicine. No major adverse events were reported. The methodological quality of included trials was poor overall. CONCLUSIONS Navel therapy appears to be more effective than Western medicine in decreasing menstrual pain and improving overall symptoms of PD. However, these findings need to be confirmed by well-designed clinical trials with adequate sample size (Systematic review registration at PROSPERO, No. CRD42021240350).
United States ; Female ; Humans ; Dysmenorrhea/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Moxibustion ; Pain Management

With the outbreak of infectious diseases, more and more attention has been paid to surveillance and early warning work. Timely and accurate monitoring data is the basis of infectious diseases prevention and control. Effective early warning methods for infectious diseases can improve the timeliness and sensitivity of early warning work. This paper briefly introduces the intelligent early warning model of infectious diseases, summarizes the emerging surveillance and early warning methods of infectious diseases, and seeks the possibility of diversified surveillance and early warning in different epidemic stages and different outbreak scenarios of infectious diseases. This paper puts forward the idea of constructing a diversified method system of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning based on multi-stages and multi-scenarios and discusses the future development trend of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning, in order to provide reference for improving the construction level of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning system in China.
Humans ; Population Surveillance/methods* ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology* ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control* ; Epidemics ; China/epidemiology*

With the outbreak of infectious diseases, more and more attention has been paid to surveillance and early warning work. Timely and accurate monitoring data is the basis of infectious diseases prevention and control. Effective early warning methods for infectious diseases can improve the timeliness and sensitivity of early warning work. This paper briefly introduces the intelligent early warning model of infectious diseases, summarizes the emerging surveillance and early warning methods of infectious diseases, and seeks the possibility of diversified surveillance and early warning in different epidemic stages and different outbreak scenarios of infectious diseases. This paper puts forward the idea of constructing a diversified method system of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning based on multi-stages and multi-scenarios and discusses the future development trend of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning, in order to provide reference for improving the construction level of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning system in China.
Humans ; Population Surveillance/methods* ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology* ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control* ; Epidemics ; China/epidemiology*

China/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Complications/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology* ; Humans

ObjectiveTo investigate inhibitory effect of extracts from Veronica peregrina （EVP） on the osteoclastic bone metastasis induced by breast cancer cells. MethodBone metastasis model was established by injection of MDA-MB-231 cells， a human breast cancer cell line， into the left ventricle of BALB/c nude mice. The expression of human cytokeratin-19 （Ck-19） gene in mouse bone marrow was determined by nested polymerase chain reaction（PCR） to assess the bone metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells. To assess the effects of EVP on the activation of bone marrow macrophages （BMMs）， we counted the multinuclear cells and measured the secretion of Cathepsin K. Western blot was adopted to assess the effects of EVP on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB （RANK）， Runt-related transcription factor 2 （ Runx2 ）， phosphorylated Runx2 （p-Runx2）， and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） in BMMs. Gelatin zymography was employed to determine the activities of matrix metalloproteinases （MMPs）. ResultCompared with that in the blank group， Ck-19 expression was down-regulated in EVP groups （P<0.05）. The multinucleated cells increased when the BMMs were induced by soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand （sRANKL）， which was inhibited by EVP （P<0.05）. The level of cathepsin K in the supernatant of sRANKL group increased compared with that of the blank group， while EVP groups had lower cathepsin K levels than sRANKL group （P<0.05）. Compared with the blank group， the sRANKL group showed up-regulated RANK expression， Runx2 phosphorylation， and MMP-9 expression （P<0.05）， while the expression levels of RANK， p-Runx2， and MMP-9 were down-regulated when the cells were incubated with EVP （P<0.05）. Furthermore， exposure of BMMs to sRANKL resulted in an increase in gelatin hydrolyzation compared with the blank group （P<0.01）， which， however， was reversed in EVP groups （P<0.05）. ConclusionEVP significantly inhibits bone marrow metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells， which may be associated with the suppression of osteoclast activation by inhibiting Runx2 phosphorylation.

4-(Cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase (CMK) was one of the key enzymes in the methylerythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway to generate terpenoids. In this study, based on the transcriptome data of Atractylodes lancea, the sequence of the CMK gene was cloned, named AlCMK (GenBank accession number OM283293). The results showed that AlCMK contains a 1 230 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 409 amino acids. The deduced protein had a theoretical molecular weight of 44 752.53 and an isoelectric point of 6.67. Transmembrane structure analysis showed that there was no transmembrane structure, and the secondary structure of AlCMK was predicted to be mainly composed of random coil. Homologous alignment revealed that AlCMK shared high sequence identity with the CMK proteins of Tanacetum cinerariifolium, Osmanthus fragrans, Eucommia ulmoides, Lonicera japonica and Salvia miltiorrhiza. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that AlCMK protein had the higher homology with CMK protein of Compositae. The pET-32a-AlCMK prokaryotic expression vector was constructed and a fusion protein with molecular mass of about 65 kDa was expressed in the E. coli BL21 (DE3). The qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression pattern of AlCMK gene in different tissues and after MeJA treatment. Meanwhile, the enzyme activity was determined by ELISA kit. The results showed that AlCMK gene was tissue-expressed in different origins and its expression was induced by MeJA, and the results of the enzyme activity assay showed that the AlCMK enzyme activity in different regions was higher in the leaves. The subcellular localization showed that AlCMK was located in the chloroplast. This study provides a reference for further elucidating the biological function of AlCMK gene in terpenoid synthesis pathway in Atractylodes lancea.