The academic thought of Professor GAO Shuzhong on acupuncture and moxibustion is investigated systematically and summarized as 5 aspects: establishing GAO 's theory and methodological method of "siguan santong" (four gates and three opens); structuring the theory of "yinyang, qi movement, ascending and descending" pivoted at the umbilicus; deepening the laws of "stereo-layered holographic correspondence in the human body"; proposing "the method of bi-location" of acupoint systems based on meridian and collateral theories; developing the characteristic differentiation theory of acupuncture and moxibustion. These summaries reflect the unique perspective and distinctive features of Professor GAO Shuzhong on the theory of acupuncture and moxibustion, and his clinical thinking; and bring the practical significance for the discipline and academic development of acupuncture and moxibustion.
Moxibustion/history* ; Humans ; China ; Acupuncture/education* ; Acupuncture Therapy/history* ; History, 20th Century

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) and endoscopic rubber band ligation (ERBL) for the treatment of grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on patients with grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids who sought treatment at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University or the NO.2 People's Hospital of Fuyang City from November 2021 to November 2022. Eligible patients were continuously enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomized into 2 groups using a central randomization system: the EIS group and the ERBL group. The primary outcomes included symptom improvement rate, recurrence rate, incidence of adverse events (bleeding, anal distension, pain, urinary retention, etc.), surgical costs, patient satisfaction, hemorrhoidal disease symptom score (HDSS), European quality of life 5-dimensions (EQ-5D) score, and self-rated health status score.Results:A total of 203 patients were enrolled (86 from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and 117 from the NO.2 People's Hospital of Fuyang City), with 103 in the EIS group and 100 in the ERBL group. Both groups successfully completed endoscopic treatment for internal hemorrhoids. The surgical cost in the EIS group was significantly lower than that in the ERBL group (1 044.77±522.77 yuan VS 2 538.44±465.63 yuan, t=-21.660, P<0.001). The incidence of perioperative pain and moderate-to-severe pain in the EIS group was significantly lower than that in the ERBL group [2.91% (3/103) VS 25.00% (25/100), χ2=20.817, P<0.001; 0.97% (1/103) VS 18.00% (18/100), χ2=17.344, P<0.001]. There were no significant differences in the incidence of perioperative bleeding, anal distension, or urinary retention between the two groups [0.97% (1/103) VS 1.00% (1/100), 11.65% (12/103) VS 19.00% (19/100), 0.00% (0/103) VS 2.00% (2/100), P>0.05]. During the 12-week follow-up, 4 patients were lost to follow-up (all from the EIS group). There were no significant differences in symptom improvement rate, recurrence rate, or patient satisfaction rate between the two groups [96.97% (96/99) VS 96.00% (96/100), 3.03% (3/99) VS 5.00% (5/100), 97.98% (97/99) VS 95.00% (95/100), P>0.05]. At 12 weeks postoperatively, the HDSS in the EIS group significantly decreased compared to preoperative levels [0.0 (0.0, 1.0) VS 5.0 (3.0, 7.0), Z=-18.270, P<0.010], the EQ-5D score in the ERBL group significantly increased compared to preoperative levels (1.00±0.01 VS 0.98±0.03, F=27.527, P<0.010), and self-rated health status score in the ERBL group significantly increased compared to preoperative levels (92.31±6.89 VS 82.62±10.98, F=115.025, P<0.010). At 12 weeks postoperatively, the HDSS in the ERBL group significantly decreased compared to preoperative levels [0.0 (0.0, 1.0) VS 5.0 (4.0, 8.0), Z=-16.110, P<0.010], the EQ-5D score in the ERBL group significantly increased compared to preoperative levels (1.00±0.00 VS 0.98±0.05, F=13.718, P<0.010), and self-rated health status score in the ERBL group significantly increased compared to preoperative levels (93.46±6.35 VS 84.15±10.71, F=123.695, P<0.010). Conclusion:Both EIS and ERBL are safe and effective treatments for grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids, with high patient satisfaction. Comparatively, EIS demonstrates lower surgical costs and a reduced incidence and severity of perioperative pain.

Objective To investigate the association between nutritional status and serum hepcidin and pentraxin 3(PTX3)levels in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis(MHD).Methods A total of 76 patients with MHD who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from the hemodialysis center at the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University.Nutritional status was assessed using the Subjective Global Assessment(SGA),which categorizes patients into three grades:SGA-A,SGA-B,and SGA-C.Serum levels of PTX3 and hepcidin were mea-sured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software.One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)was applied to compare differences across the three SGA groups.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify influencing factors,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic value.Among the participants,45 patients were classified as malnourished based on SGA-B and SGA-C scores,while those with SGA-A constituted the well-nourished control group.Results Among the 76 MHD patients,59.2%were malnourished.We then compared clinical characteristics across the three groups.The results showed that the malnourished group was older and exhibited significantly higher levels of hs-CRP,PTX3,and hepcidin(P<0.05),while serum albumin,creatinine,and phosphorus levels were significantly lower(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis revealed positive correlations between SGA grades and hs-CRP,PTX3,and hepcidin levels(all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis with"malnutrition"as the dependent variable indicated that elevated hs-CRP,PTX3,and hepcidin levels,along with age and male gender,were associated with increased risk of malnutrition in MHD patients,whereas higher serum phosphorus and creatinine levels were protec-tive factors.Further multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that serum PTX3 level was an independent risk factor for malnutrition(P=0.032),while higher creatinine level was an independent protective factor(P=0.047).ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of serum PTX3 and creatinine levels had a high diagnostic value for identifying malnutrition in MHD patients,yielding an AUC of 0.789(P<0.001),a Youden index of 0.448,sensitivity of 77.8%,and specificity of 71.0%.Conclusions Elevated levels of PTX3 and hepcidin,along with reduced serum creatinine levels,are associated with an increased risk of malnutrition in patients undergoing MHD.Notably,elevated serum PTX3 and decreased serum creatinine independently predict malnutrition in this population and demonstrate high predictive value.

Objective To investigate the association between nutritional status and serum hepcidin and pentraxin 3(PTX3)levels in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis(MHD).Methods A total of 76 patients with MHD who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from the hemodialysis center at the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University.Nutritional status was assessed using the Subjective Global Assessment(SGA),which categorizes patients into three grades:SGA-A,SGA-B,and SGA-C.Serum levels of PTX3 and hepcidin were mea-sured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software.One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)was applied to compare differences across the three SGA groups.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify influencing factors,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic value.Among the participants,45 patients were classified as malnourished based on SGA-B and SGA-C scores,while those with SGA-A constituted the well-nourished control group.Results Among the 76 MHD patients,59.2%were malnourished.We then compared clinical characteristics across the three groups.The results showed that the malnourished group was older and exhibited significantly higher levels of hs-CRP,PTX3,and hepcidin(P<0.05),while serum albumin,creatinine,and phosphorus levels were significantly lower(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis revealed positive correlations between SGA grades and hs-CRP,PTX3,and hepcidin levels(all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis with"malnutrition"as the dependent variable indicated that elevated hs-CRP,PTX3,and hepcidin levels,along with age and male gender,were associated with increased risk of malnutrition in MHD patients,whereas higher serum phosphorus and creatinine levels were protec-tive factors.Further multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that serum PTX3 level was an independent risk factor for malnutrition(P=0.032),while higher creatinine level was an independent protective factor(P=0.047).ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of serum PTX3 and creatinine levels had a high diagnostic value for identifying malnutrition in MHD patients,yielding an AUC of 0.789(P<0.001),a Youden index of 0.448,sensitivity of 77.8%,and specificity of 71.0%.Conclusions Elevated levels of PTX3 and hepcidin,along with reduced serum creatinine levels,are associated with an increased risk of malnutrition in patients undergoing MHD.Notably,elevated serum PTX3 and decreased serum creatinine independently predict malnutrition in this population and demonstrate high predictive value.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) and endoscopic rubber band ligation (ERBL) for the treatment of grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on patients with grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids who sought treatment at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University or the NO.2 People's Hospital of Fuyang City from November 2021 to November 2022. Eligible patients were continuously enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomized into 2 groups using a central randomization system: the EIS group and the ERBL group. The primary outcomes included symptom improvement rate, recurrence rate, incidence of adverse events (bleeding, anal distension, pain, urinary retention, etc.), surgical costs, patient satisfaction, hemorrhoidal disease symptom score (HDSS), European quality of life 5-dimensions (EQ-5D) score, and self-rated health status score.Results:A total of 203 patients were enrolled (86 from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and 117 from the NO.2 People's Hospital of Fuyang City), with 103 in the EIS group and 100 in the ERBL group. Both groups successfully completed endoscopic treatment for internal hemorrhoids. The surgical cost in the EIS group was significantly lower than that in the ERBL group (1 044.77±522.77 yuan VS 2 538.44±465.63 yuan, t=-21.660, P<0.001). The incidence of perioperative pain and moderate-to-severe pain in the EIS group was significantly lower than that in the ERBL group [2.91% (3/103) VS 25.00% (25/100), χ2=20.817, P<0.001; 0.97% (1/103) VS 18.00% (18/100), χ2=17.344, P<0.001]. There were no significant differences in the incidence of perioperative bleeding, anal distension, or urinary retention between the two groups [0.97% (1/103) VS 1.00% (1/100), 11.65% (12/103) VS 19.00% (19/100), 0.00% (0/103) VS 2.00% (2/100), P>0.05]. During the 12-week follow-up, 4 patients were lost to follow-up (all from the EIS group). There were no significant differences in symptom improvement rate, recurrence rate, or patient satisfaction rate between the two groups [96.97% (96/99) VS 96.00% (96/100), 3.03% (3/99) VS 5.00% (5/100), 97.98% (97/99) VS 95.00% (95/100), P>0.05]. At 12 weeks postoperatively, the HDSS in the EIS group significantly decreased compared to preoperative levels [0.0 (0.0, 1.0) VS 5.0 (3.0, 7.0), Z=-18.270, P<0.010], the EQ-5D score in the ERBL group significantly increased compared to preoperative levels (1.00±0.01 VS 0.98±0.03, F=27.527, P<0.010), and self-rated health status score in the ERBL group significantly increased compared to preoperative levels (92.31±6.89 VS 82.62±10.98, F=115.025, P<0.010). At 12 weeks postoperatively, the HDSS in the ERBL group significantly decreased compared to preoperative levels [0.0 (0.0, 1.0) VS 5.0 (4.0, 8.0), Z=-16.110, P<0.010], the EQ-5D score in the ERBL group significantly increased compared to preoperative levels (1.00±0.00 VS 0.98±0.05, F=13.718, P<0.010), and self-rated health status score in the ERBL group significantly increased compared to preoperative levels (93.46±6.35 VS 84.15±10.71, F=123.695, P<0.010). Conclusion:Both EIS and ERBL are safe and effective treatments for grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids, with high patient satisfaction. Comparatively, EIS demonstrates lower surgical costs and a reduced incidence and severity of perioperative pain.

Objective To investigate short-term clinical efficacy of autologous leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma(LP-PRP)treatment of knee osteoarthritis(KO A).Methods 85 cases of patients with Keligren Lawrence grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ knee os-teoarthritis in Peking University First Hospital Taiyuan Hospital(Taiyuan Central Hospital)from 2022 to 2023 were collect-ed for autologous LP-PRP collection and quality assessment using a blood component separator,and all patients were treated with autologous LP-PRP.The degree and function of knee pain were assessed by visual analog scale(VAS)and knee arthri-tis index scale(WOMAC)at 1,3 and 6 months after injection.Knee MRI was performed after 6 months of treatment,and the MRI imaging changes before and after treatment were compared.Different influencing factors in the treatment results were grouped and analyzed,mainly including platelet concentration in LP-PRP and K-L grading of knee joint.According to the platelet concentration in LP-PRP,it was divided into three grades,which are low concentration[(＜800)×109/L],medium concentration[(800-1 000)×109/L],and high concentration[(＞1 000)× 109/L];According to the K-L grade of the knee joint,the severity of knee osteoarthritis was divided into three grades:Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ.Results The VAS and WOMAC scores at 1,3 and 6 months after LP-PRP treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment,and the difference was sta-tistically significant(P＜0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the therapeutic effect of different levels of platelet concentration,and when the platelet concentration was more than 1 000×109/L,the significant effect was the most obvious(P＜0.05).The therapeutic effect of different levels of platelet concentration was statistically significant(P＜0.05).MRI showed that the articular cartilage signal was significantly improved after treatment.Conclusion Autologous LP-PRP injection into knee cavity for the treatment of KO A has a good short-term clinical effect in relieving knee pain.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of different endoscopic treatment strategies for grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids.Methods:Clinical data of 107 internal hemorrhoid patients who received endoscopic sclerotherapy or band ligation in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from December 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively studied. Postoperative adverse events, efficacy, and satisfaction were followed up.Results:Among the 107 patients, there were 45 patients (42.06%) with grade Ⅰ, 55 (52.34%) with grade Ⅱ, and 6 (5.60%) with grade Ⅲ. At the same time, 94.39% (101/107) patients underwent other gastrointestinal endoscopic treatment. The postoperative follow-up time ranged from 3 to 25 months, with a median of 5 months. A total of 84 patients underwent routine endoscopic injection sclerotherapy, and 8 had adverse events after the surgery. The overall effective rate was 97.61% (82/84), and satisfaction rate was 95.24% (80/84). Nine underwent endoscopic foam sclerotherapy, and no postoperative adverse events were observed. The overall effective rate and the satisfaction rate were both 100.00% (9/9). Among the 11 patients undergoing endoscopic band ligation, 2 had adverse events after the surgery. The overall effective rate was 81.82% (9/11), and the satisfaction rate was 72.73% (8/11). Three patients underwent sclerotherapy combined with ligation, and 2 had postoperative adverse events. The overall effective rate was 100.00% (3/3), and the satisfaction rate was 66.67% (2/3). Sclerotherapy was generally superior to ligation in operation cost. Further subgroup analysis for grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients showed that for grade Ⅰ patients, sclerotherapy was better than band ligation in the incidence of postoperative pain ( P<0.05), and for grade Ⅱ patients, no statistically significant differences were observed in adverse events, effective rate and satisfaction rate ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and band ligation for internal hemorrhoids are safe and effective, and may not increase the risk of adverse events when simultaneously completed with other gastrointestinal endoscopic treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lactulose combined with polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation before colonoscopy in patients of different risks.Methods:A total of 208 patients undergoing colonoscopy were enrolled, including 108 high-risk and 100 low-risk patients. The high-risk patients were divided into group A (54 taking lactulose + polyethylene glycol) and group B (54 taking polyethylene glycol), and the low-risk patients were divided into group C (49 taking lactulose + polyethylene glycol) and group D (51 taking polyethylene glycol). The Boston bowel preparation score, cecal intubation time, withdrawal time, the detection rate of colonic polyps and adenoma, and the incidence of adverse reactions were observed.Results:Among the high-risk patients, the Boston bowel preparation score and adenoma detection rate in group A [(6.35±1.15) scores, 46.3%] were significantly higher than those in group B [(5.76±0.89) scores, 22.2%, both P<0.05], and the first defecation interval in group A was significantly shorter than that in group B [(1.20±0.85) h VS (3.29 ± 2.93) h, P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in adequate bowel preparation rate, polyp detection rate, frequency of defecation or incidence of adverse reactions between group A and B. In the low-risk patients, the first defecation interval in group C was significantly shorter than that in group D [(1.65 ± 1.35) h VS (3.42 ± 2.64) h, P<0.05], and the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower than that in group D (44.9% VS 64.7%, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in adequate bowel preparation rate, Boston bowel preparation score, adenoma detection rate, polyp detection rate or frequency of defecation between group C and D. Conclusion:For the high-risk patients, the effect of lactulose combined with polyethylene glycol for bowel cleansing is better than that of traditional polyethylene glycol in the improvement of the Boston bowel preparation score, adenoma detection rate, and the first defecation interval. For low-risk patients, lactulose combined with polyethylene glycol regimen has few advantages over traditional polyethylene glycol regimen.

Objective: To explore the effect of applying the digital technology in the reconstruction of congenital microtia. Methods: CT data of 40 patients with congenital microtia were collected by using software (Mimics 17.01) and three-dimensional printing. And the three-dimensional reconstruction of costal cartilage and ear model was performed. The effectiveness and feasibility of the digital assisted technology in the reconstruction of congenital microtia could be established, by contrasting the pre-three-dimensional reconstruction and the morphology of the costal cartilage harvested during surgery and comparing the imaging data of the auricles before and after surgery. Results: 40 patients were satisfied with the appearance of the auricle after the restoration. The rib cartilage obtained during the operation was consistent with the preoperative data simulation. The trauma of the operation and the operation time were reduced. There was no statistically significant difference between both auricle length and width for the reconstructed ear and those of the normal ear, auricle length mean (62.10±6.82)mm vs (60.31±6.18)mm, auricle width mean (26.10±2.26)mm vs (25.40±2.32)mm, P>0.05, respectively. Conclusions The application of digital assisted technique in congenital microtia correction could accurately display the tissue structure of the operation area, which was helpful to preoperative design, reduce intraoperative injury and achieve satisfactory surgical result .

Metastatic spinal adrenal pheochromocytoma is such a rare disease that its diagnosis is complicated and the treatment scheme has not reached a consensus at the international level. We should take the clinical manifestations, accessory examination, pathological diagnosis and gene tests into a full consideration to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and to choose reasonable treatment to improve the prognosis. The aim of this paper was to summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnostic basis, and treatment protocols of this disease, which may help to promote recognition of metastatic spinal adrenal pheochromocytoma.