AIM:To study the improvement effect and possible mechanism of Shufeng Jiedu capsules(SFJDC)on viral pneumonia.METHODS:Forty-eight BALB/c mice were used to establish a viral pneumo-nia model by intranasal administration of influenza A virus H1N1.They were randomly divided into 4 groups,with twelve mice in each group.Except for the Model group,the treatment group was given oseltamivir(OSTW),low and high dose groups of Shufeng Jiedu capsules(SFJDC-L,SFJD-H)by gavage,take another 12 mice as the normal group,continu-ously administered for 7 days.The physical signs of each group of mice were observed during the ad-ministration process,and the daily body weight change rate and disease activity index was calculat-ed;After administration,lung,intestinal tissue,and intestinal contents were taken,and the pathological changes in mouse lung tissue were detected using hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining method,Alisin blue staining was used to detect goblet cells in the intes-tinal wall;RT-qPCR method for detecting viral load influenza(infA)and the expression of tumor necro-sis factor-a(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)mRNA in mouse lung tissue;Detection of mouse gut mi-crobiota using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequenc-ing;ELISA method for detecting lipopolysaccharide(LPS),TNF-α and IL-6 level in mouse serum;The ex-pression of cyclic GMP AMP synthase(cGAS),inter-feron gene stimulating protein(STING),phospho-STING(p-STING),nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)phos-pho-nuclear factor-κB(p-NF-κB)in lung tissue and ZO-1,Occludin in small small intestine was detected by Western Blotting.RESULTS:Compared with the model group,the lung index and viral load of mice in the Shufeng Jiedu capsules group were signifi-cantly reduced(P＜0.01);significant reduction in lung tissue inflammation accompanied by TNF-α;The expression level of IL-6 mRNA decreased(P＜0.01);The abundance of Firmicutes and Lachnospi-raceae in the intestine significantly increased(P＜0.01),while the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Bacteroidaceae communities significantly de-creased(P＜0.05 or 0.01);The number of goblet cells in the small intestine epithelium significantly increased(P＜0.01);the levels of serum LPS and TNF-α,IL-6 were significantly reduced(P＜0.01);The protein expression level of cGAS,p-STING,p-NF-κB significantly decreased in lung tissue(P＜0.05 or 0.01),ZO-1,Occludin significantly decreased in small intestine(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Shufeng Jie-du capsules reduces the inflammatory response of mice lung tissue,and its mechanism may be relat-ed to its regulation of intestinal flora,protection of intestinal mucosal barrier,and reduction the activa-tion of cGAS/STING/NF-κB signaling pathway ac-tived by LPS leakaging from the intestine.

AIM:To study the improvement effect and possible mechanism of Shufeng Jiedu capsules(SFJDC)on viral pneumonia.METHODS:Forty-eight BALB/c mice were used to establish a viral pneumo-nia model by intranasal administration of influenza A virus H1N1.They were randomly divided into 4 groups,with twelve mice in each group.Except for the Model group,the treatment group was given oseltamivir(OSTW),low and high dose groups of Shufeng Jiedu capsules(SFJDC-L,SFJD-H)by gavage,take another 12 mice as the normal group,continu-ously administered for 7 days.The physical signs of each group of mice were observed during the ad-ministration process,and the daily body weight change rate and disease activity index was calculat-ed;After administration,lung,intestinal tissue,and intestinal contents were taken,and the pathological changes in mouse lung tissue were detected using hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining method,Alisin blue staining was used to detect goblet cells in the intes-tinal wall;RT-qPCR method for detecting viral load influenza(infA)and the expression of tumor necro-sis factor-a(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)mRNA in mouse lung tissue;Detection of mouse gut mi-crobiota using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequenc-ing;ELISA method for detecting lipopolysaccharide(LPS),TNF-α and IL-6 level in mouse serum;The ex-pression of cyclic GMP AMP synthase(cGAS),inter-feron gene stimulating protein(STING),phospho-STING(p-STING),nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)phos-pho-nuclear factor-κB(p-NF-κB)in lung tissue and ZO-1,Occludin in small small intestine was detected by Western Blotting.RESULTS:Compared with the model group,the lung index and viral load of mice in the Shufeng Jiedu capsules group were signifi-cantly reduced(P＜0.01);significant reduction in lung tissue inflammation accompanied by TNF-α;The expression level of IL-6 mRNA decreased(P＜0.01);The abundance of Firmicutes and Lachnospi-raceae in the intestine significantly increased(P＜0.01),while the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Bacteroidaceae communities significantly de-creased(P＜0.05 or 0.01);The number of goblet cells in the small intestine epithelium significantly increased(P＜0.01);the levels of serum LPS and TNF-α,IL-6 were significantly reduced(P＜0.01);The protein expression level of cGAS,p-STING,p-NF-κB significantly decreased in lung tissue(P＜0.05 or 0.01),ZO-1,Occludin significantly decreased in small intestine(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Shufeng Jie-du capsules reduces the inflammatory response of mice lung tissue,and its mechanism may be relat-ed to its regulation of intestinal flora,protection of intestinal mucosal barrier,and reduction the activa-tion of cGAS/STING/NF-κB signaling pathway ac-tived by LPS leakaging from the intestine.

This study was to investigate the effect of peoniflorin on the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream signal molecules in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats for exploring the mechanism of peoniflorin protecting hippocampal neurons. AD model rats were established by bilateral intrahippocampal injection of beta-amyloid(1-42) (Abeta(1-42)) and divided randomly into 3 groups: AD model group, peoniflorin low-dose (15 mg x kg(-1)) group and peoniflorin high-dose (30 mg x kg(-1)) group. The vehicle control rats were given bilateral intrahippocampal injection of solvent with the same volume. After peoniflorin or saline was administered (ip) once daily for 14 days, the hippocampuses of all animals were taken out for measuring the expressions of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthethase (gamma-GCS) mRNA by reverse transcription PCR, determining the contents of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein (CP) using colorimetric method, and for assaying the expressions of neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) and Caspase-3 by immunohistochemical staining method. The results showed that peoniflorin markedly increased the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 and gamma-GCS mRNA, enhanced the level of GSH and decreased the contents of MDA and CP in the hippocampus, as compared with the model group. Peoniflorin also improved the NAIP expression and reduced the Caspase-3 expression in the hippocampus neurons. In conclusion, peoniflorin protects against the Abeta(1-42)-mediated oxidative stress and hippocampal neuron injury in AD rats by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway.

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanisms of Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS) on Alzheimer's diseases (AD) focusing on anti-inflammation.

METHODAD rats were established by intrahippocampal bilateral injection of Abeta1-42 protein. The AD rats were randomly divided into three groups: AD model group, DSS high-dose group, DSS low-dose group. Vehicle group rats were intrahippocampal bilateral injection of solvent with the same dose. The learning ability and memory of rats was investigated in step-down passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test, expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha mRNA were observed by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), levels of NO was measured by colorimetric method and neuron apoptosis in the hippocampus was investigated by tag method of TdT-mediated end-labeling of fragmented DNA (TUNEL).

RESULTDSS significantly reduced the escape latency and increased the time that rats spent in the target quadrant in Morris water maze test, shortened the responsive latency and decreased the error numbers in step-down passive avoidance test, reduced the expression of the IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha mRNA, and the level of the NO depressed the neuron apoptosis in the hippocampus.

CONCLUSIONDSS improving cognition of the rats might be related to attenuate inflammatory reaction and reduce cell apoptosis in the hippocampus.

Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIM: To study the effect of the overexpression of p16 on an anion exchange function of band 3 in HeLa cells. METHODS: The expression of p16 and band 3 in HeLa cells was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The p16 cDNA was subcloned to plasmids pEGFP-C1 by PCR and identified by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing, and then, the recombinant pEGFP-C1-p16 plasmids were transiently transfected into HeLa cells. The expression of fusion protein in HeLa cells was detected by fluorescence microscope. 6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-quinolinium(SPQ)fluorescent probes were used to detect the anion exchange function of band 3. RESULTS: P16 and band 3 were expressed in HeLa cells. The amplificated p16 cDNA sequence was the same as the report sequence. The transfective efficacy of pEGFP-C1-p16 was above 60%. The anion exchange function increased after the transfection of pEGFP-C1-p16 plasmids. CONCLUSION: p16 facilitates the anion exchange function of band 3 in HeLa cells.