BACKGROUND:Research has found that human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells have certain therapeutic effects on thin endometrium.However,there are currently no reports on the study of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells on thin endometrium,and there is a lack of relevant research comparing the three.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma,monocytes,and mesenchymal stem cells in repairing thin endometrium in rats.METHODS:Sixty female SPF grade SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group,human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group,and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group,with 12 rats in each group.The sham operation group received 0.5 mL physiological saline injection into the uterine horn,followed by 0.5 mL of PBS infusion after 5 minutes;The model group,human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group,human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group,and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group were injected with 0.5 mL of 95％ethanol by volume.After 5 minutes,the remaining ethanol was aspirated and washed twice with physiological saline.Then,0.5 mL of PBS,human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma,human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells(1×107 cells/mL),and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells(1×107 cells/mL)were perfused separately.During the third normal estrus cycle after reperfusion,organs,tissues and serum were collected for testing of relevant indicators.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The macroscopic view of uterine tissue,hematoxylin eosin staining and Masson staining results:the sham operation group had intact structure,moderate endometrial thickness,and clear vascular structure.Compared with the sham operation group,the model group showed uterine atrophy,incomplete structure,significantly reduced endometrial thickness and glandular quantity,disordered vascular structure,and increased fibrosis.Compared with the model group,after treatment with human umbilical cord blood derivatives,the size,structure,and endometrial thickness of the uterus were restored(all P＜0.01),and fibrosis was reduced,with the most significant recovery observed in the human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group.The increase in glandular quantity was most significant in the human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group(P＜0.000 1).(2)The immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results of uterine tissue showed that compared with the sham operation group,the expression levels of cell proliferation related indicators such as keratin 9 and vimentin,endometrial receptivity related indicators such as leukemia inhibitory factor and integrin αyβ3,platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule,basic fibroblast growth factor,and vascular endothelial growth factor were all reduced in the model group(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the above indicators were significantly increased after treatment with human umbilical cord blood derivatives.Comparison of human umbilical cord blood derivatives among groups showed that keratin 9 and vascular endothelial growth factor protein:human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group＞human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group＞human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group;Wave shaped protein and leukemia inhibitory factor protein:human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group＞human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group＞human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group;Integrin αyβ3 protein:human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group＞human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group＞human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group;Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule protein:human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group＞human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group＞human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group;Basic fibroblast growth factor protein:human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group＞human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group＞human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group.(3)Western blot analysis showed that compared with the sham operation group,the protein levels of interleukin-6,interleukin-1β,and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the model group were significantly increased(all P＜0.001),and their expression levels decreased after treatment(all P＜0.05).(4)ELISA assay showed that compared with the sham operation group,the model group had lower levels of anti Mullerian hormone,estradiol,and progesterone,and increased levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone(except for luteinizing hormone,all P＜0.05).After treatment,there was a certain degree of recovery in the levels of sex hormones and anti Mullerian hormones.(5)Fertility experiments showed that compared with the sham operation group,the model group had an increase in conception time and a significant decrease in litter size(all P＜0.05).After treatment with human umbilical cord blood derivatives,the litter size of all three groups increased(P＜0.05),and no significant differences were found between the groups.This study preliminarily reveals that human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells have a certain therapeutic effect on thin endometrium,and human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma,human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells,and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells have different advantages and differences in improving endometrial regeneration function,endometrial receptivity,angiogenesis,inflammation regulation,and improving pregnancy outcomes in thin endometrium.

BACKGROUND:Research has found that human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells have certain therapeutic effects on thin endometrium.However,there are currently no reports on the study of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells on thin endometrium,and there is a lack of relevant research comparing the three.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma,monocytes,and mesenchymal stem cells in repairing thin endometrium in rats.METHODS:Sixty female SPF grade SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group,human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group,and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group,with 12 rats in each group.The sham operation group received 0.5 mL physiological saline injection into the uterine horn,followed by 0.5 mL of PBS infusion after 5 minutes;The model group,human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group,human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group,and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group were injected with 0.5 mL of 95％ethanol by volume.After 5 minutes,the remaining ethanol was aspirated and washed twice with physiological saline.Then,0.5 mL of PBS,human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma,human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells(1×107 cells/mL),and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells(1×107 cells/mL)were perfused separately.During the third normal estrus cycle after reperfusion,organs,tissues and serum were collected for testing of relevant indicators.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The macroscopic view of uterine tissue,hematoxylin eosin staining and Masson staining results:the sham operation group had intact structure,moderate endometrial thickness,and clear vascular structure.Compared with the sham operation group,the model group showed uterine atrophy,incomplete structure,significantly reduced endometrial thickness and glandular quantity,disordered vascular structure,and increased fibrosis.Compared with the model group,after treatment with human umbilical cord blood derivatives,the size,structure,and endometrial thickness of the uterus were restored(all P＜0.01),and fibrosis was reduced,with the most significant recovery observed in the human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group.The increase in glandular quantity was most significant in the human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group(P＜0.000 1).(2)The immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results of uterine tissue showed that compared with the sham operation group,the expression levels of cell proliferation related indicators such as keratin 9 and vimentin,endometrial receptivity related indicators such as leukemia inhibitory factor and integrin αyβ3,platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule,basic fibroblast growth factor,and vascular endothelial growth factor were all reduced in the model group(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the above indicators were significantly increased after treatment with human umbilical cord blood derivatives.Comparison of human umbilical cord blood derivatives among groups showed that keratin 9 and vascular endothelial growth factor protein:human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group＞human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group＞human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group;Wave shaped protein and leukemia inhibitory factor protein:human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group＞human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group＞human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group;Integrin αyβ3 protein:human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group＞human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group＞human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group;Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule protein:human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group＞human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group＞human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group;Basic fibroblast growth factor protein:human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group＞human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group＞human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group.(3)Western blot analysis showed that compared with the sham operation group,the protein levels of interleukin-6,interleukin-1β,and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the model group were significantly increased(all P＜0.001),and their expression levels decreased after treatment(all P＜0.05).(4)ELISA assay showed that compared with the sham operation group,the model group had lower levels of anti Mullerian hormone,estradiol,and progesterone,and increased levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone(except for luteinizing hormone,all P＜0.05).After treatment,there was a certain degree of recovery in the levels of sex hormones and anti Mullerian hormones.(5)Fertility experiments showed that compared with the sham operation group,the model group had an increase in conception time and a significant decrease in litter size(all P＜0.05).After treatment with human umbilical cord blood derivatives,the litter size of all three groups increased(P＜0.05),and no significant differences were found between the groups.This study preliminarily reveals that human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells have a certain therapeutic effect on thin endometrium,and human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma,human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells,and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells have different advantages and differences in improving endometrial regeneration function,endometrial receptivity,angiogenesis,inflammation regulation,and improving pregnancy outcomes in thin endometrium.

Bispecific killer cell engagers (BiKEs) are a powerful tool to incite the killing power of natural killer (NK) cells. Here, we posited that the BiKE technology could be utilized to deplete activated immune cells expressing programmed death-1 (PD-1⁺ cells), and hence treat autoimmune diseases since these cells drive the disorders. We designed and generated PD-1 BiKE that targets an activating NK cell receptor, CD16, and PD-1. PD-1 BiKE showed specific binding to PD-1⁺ cells and engaged CD16 simultaneously. PD-1 BiKE enhanced NK cell-mediated apoptosis and depletion of PD-1⁺ Raji cells, but not PD-1^- Raji cells. Further, PD-1 BiKE induced apoptosis of primary PD-1⁺ T lymphocytes that are highly relevant to autoimmune disease progression. The BiKE depleted 42% of primary T cells that were stimulated in vitro. Importantly, those ablated primary T cells were activated cells. Meanwhile, naive T cells were spared by the BiKE treatment, supporting the crucial selectivity of PD-1 BiKE-directed cell depletion. Lastly, PD-1 BiKE is more effective than a conventional depleting antibody in the depletion of PD-1⁺ cells. The current work supports PD-1 BiKE is a selective, potent, and safe tool to deplete PD-1⁺ cells.

Background and Aims:Whether to close mesenteric fissures during laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer remains controversial.Traditional suture closure is technically demanding and may injure mesenteric vessels.This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using α-cyanoacrylate medical glue to close mesenteric fissures during laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer in the Department of Colorectal Surgery,the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,from January 2022 to December 2023.Seventy-eight patients who received intraoperative α-cyanoacrylate glue closure of mesenteric fissures were included as the observation group,and 74 patients without fissure closure were selected as the control group using the propensity score matching method.Perioperative parameters,postoperative recovery,and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:No significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics or main intraoperative variables between groups(all P>0.05).The observation group had significantly less ascitic drainage within 3 days after operation[(203.14±116.44)mL vs.(384.53±243.89)mL,P<0.01]and shorter postoperative gas passage,defecation,and drainage tube removal times(all P<0.01).The incidence of postoperative complications and intestinal obstruction was comparable between groups(all P>0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that intraoperative application of α-cyanoacrylate glue was an independent promoting factor for intestinal exhaust within 3 days after surgery(OR=5.739,P=0.000).Conclusion:The use of α-cyanoacrylate medical glue for closing mesenteric fissures during laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer is safe and feasible.It effectively reduces postoperative ascitic drainage and accelerates bowel recovery,offering a simple and reliable alternative to traditional suture closure.

Background and Aims:Whether to close mesenteric fissures during laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer remains controversial.Traditional suture closure is technically demanding and may injure mesenteric vessels.This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using α-cyanoacrylate medical glue to close mesenteric fissures during laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer in the Department of Colorectal Surgery,the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,from January 2022 to December 2023.Seventy-eight patients who received intraoperative α-cyanoacrylate glue closure of mesenteric fissures were included as the observation group,and 74 patients without fissure closure were selected as the control group using the propensity score matching method.Perioperative parameters,postoperative recovery,and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:No significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics or main intraoperative variables between groups(all P>0.05).The observation group had significantly less ascitic drainage within 3 days after operation[(203.14±116.44)mL vs.(384.53±243.89)mL,P<0.01]and shorter postoperative gas passage,defecation,and drainage tube removal times(all P<0.01).The incidence of postoperative complications and intestinal obstruction was comparable between groups(all P>0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that intraoperative application of α-cyanoacrylate glue was an independent promoting factor for intestinal exhaust within 3 days after surgery(OR=5.739,P=0.000).Conclusion:The use of α-cyanoacrylate medical glue for closing mesenteric fissures during laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer is safe and feasible.It effectively reduces postoperative ascitic drainage and accelerates bowel recovery,offering a simple and reliable alternative to traditional suture closure.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between postoperative driving pressure (DP) and the prognosis of lung transplantation, and to further evaluate the value of early DP monitoring in lung transplantation. METHODS: A observational study was conducted. The patients after lung transplantation who admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Wuxi People's Hospital from February 1, 2022 to February 1, 2023 were collected. They were divided into low DP group (DP≤15 cmH₂O, 1 cmH₂O ≈ 0.098 kPa) and high DP group (DP > 15 cmH₂O) according to DP within 2 hours after operation. The clinical data including general information, primary disease, chronic diseases, cardiopulmonary function, laboratory indicators, intraoperative condition, postoperative lactic acid (Lac) and ventilator parameters were collected. Primary outcomes included 28-day and 90-day survival, and secondary outcomes included occurrence of primary graft dysfunction (PGD), duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), duration of mechanical ventilation, weaning of mechanical ventilation, and length of ICU stay. The general data and observations between the two groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis was conducted to analyze the situation of mechanical ventilation and 90-day survival. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate the predictive ability of DP for failed weaning of mechanical ventilation and 90-day death. The dose-response relationship between DP and 90-day death risk was determined by restricted cubic spline model. Univariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: A total of 101 patients were enrolled, with 68 patients (67.3%) in the low DP group and 33 patients (32.7%) in the high DP group. No statistically significant difference in general information, chronic diseases, primary diseases, cardiopulmonary function, laboratory indicators, intraoperative conditions, and postoperative Lac between the two groups was found. Compared with the low DP group, the patients in the high DP group had higher inspiratory pressure (Pinsp) and incidence of PGD with grade 3 at 24 hours after operation [Pinsp (cmH₂O): 21.0±0.6 vs. 20.0±0.7, PGD with grade 3 at 24 hours: 60.6% (20/33) vs. 39.7% (27/68), both P < 0.05], longer duration of ECMO, duration of mechanical ventilation, and the length of ICU stay [duration of ECMO (hours): 37 (21, 109) vs. 22 (14, 43), duration of mechanical ventilation (days): 3.1 (1.8, 10.7) vs. 1.9 (1.1, 3.2), length of ICU stay (days): 6 (3, 13) vs. 4 (3, 5), all P < 0.05], and lower successful weaning rate of mechanical ventilation [81.8% (27/33) vs. 95.6% (65/68), P < 0.05). The 28-day and 90-day survival rates in the high DP group were significantly higher than those in the low DP group [28-day: 69.7% (23/33) vs. 86.8% (59/68), 90-day: 63.6% (21/33) vs. 83.8% (57/68), both P < 0.05]. Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the patients in the low DP group were weaned and extubated earlier than high DP group, and the cumulative situation of weaning was better (Log-Rank test: χ ² = 14.054, P < 0.001), and the 90-day cumulative survival rate in the low DP group was significantly higher than that in the high DP group (Log-Rank test: χ ² = 4.791, P = 0.029). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of DP for predicting 90-day death was 0.664 [95% confidence internal (95%CI) was 0.540-0.787, P = 0.017], and the AUC for predicting failed weaning of mechanical ventilation was 0.794 (95%CI was 0.667-0.921, P = 0.004). Results of restricted cubic spline model analysis showed that the 90-day death risk continued to increase with the DP < 18 cmH₂O; when DP≥18 cmH₂O, elevated DP did not continue to increase the 90-day death risk, showing a plateau effect. Univariate analysis showed that DP was independent risk factors of 90-day death, and the death risk increased by 9.3% for every 1 cmH₂O increase in DP [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.093, 95%CI was 1.007-1.186, P = 0.033]. CONCLUSIONS DP is an independent risk factor of death after lung transplantation, and early postoperative DP may be used as a predictor of failed weaning of mechanical ventilation and 90-day death after lung transplantation.
Humans ; Lung Transplantation ; Prognosis ; Respiration, Artificial ; Intensive Care Units ; Postoperative Period ; Pressure ; Primary Graft Dysfunction/epidemiology* ; Transplant Recipients ; Female ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Male ; ROC Curve ; Middle Aged

Objective:To explore the impact of self-disclosure on demoralization syndrome in patients with permanent enterostomy for colorectal cancer, so as to provide reference for clinical nursing interventions for those patients.Methods:From January to May 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 207 patients with permanent enterostomy for colocrctal cancer of the Wound Ostomy Clinic of Laoshan Campus of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University as the research subjects. A survey was conducted on patients using the General Information Questionnaire, Distress Disclosure Index, Social Support Rating Scale, and the Demoralization Scale Mandarin Version.Results:Among 207 patients with permanent enterostomy for colorectal cancer, the scores of self-disclosure, social support, and demoralization syndrome were 35.00 (26.00, 47.00) , 32.00 (26.00, 39.00) , and 35.00 (23.00, 47.00) , respectively. A total of 128 patients (61.8%) were in moderate demoralization, and 37 patients (17.9%) were in severe demoralization. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that place of residence, self-care of stoma, self-disclosure, and social support were the influencing factors for demoralization syndrome in patients with permanent enterostomy for colorectal cancer ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Patients with permanent enterostomy for colorectal cancer have a high overall score of demoralization syndrome, and a high proportion of patients with moderate to severe demoralization. Medical and nursing staff should focus on patients in remote rural areas and those with poor self-care abilities to stomas, develop targeted intervention measures to improve patients' negative emotions, enhance their self-disclosure, and pay attention to strengthening social support to relieve their demoralization syndrome, thereby improving their quality of life.

In May 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a position paper on the dengue vaccines, focusing on the newly licensed TAK-003 vaccine. WHO recommends that this vaccine be included in routine immunization schedules in areas of high-intensity dengue transmission, targeting children aged 6-16 years 1-2 years before the peak age of onset of dengue-related hospitalized cases, using a vaccination regimen with a two-dose interval of at least 3 months. Due to limited safety data, the vaccine is not recommended for specific populations such as pregnant women, lactating women, immunocompromised individuals, and symptomatic HIV-infected persons. The document also notes that the TAK-003 vaccine shows good safety and effectiveness in seropositive persons, but may not confer protection against DENV3 and DENV4 in seronegative vaccine recipients. The potential risk of severe dengue cannot be ruled out if seronegative persons are exposed to DENV3 and DENV4 based on currently available data. Additionally, the document mentions that the cost-effectiveness of the TAK-003 vaccine may vary with transmission intensity and age at vaccination, necessitating evaluation in different transmission settings. Currently, there is no data on the use of booster doses, therefore a booster dose is not recommended. Finally, the document notes that the TAK-003 vaccine can be given concurrently with yellow fever and hepatitis A vaccines, and that studies of concurrent vaccination with HPV vaccine are ongoing, which opens up more possibilities for future dengue vaccination strategies.

Objective:To explore the value of the aMAP risk score (age, male, albumin -bilirubin, and platelets) to predict early recurrence within one year after microwave ablation in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods:This was a retrospective study that enrolled 142 patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma who were treated with microwave ablation in the Department of Hepatology Unit of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from July 2016 to July 2021. The cohort enrolled 121 male and 21 female patients, including 110 patients that were <60 years old. All the patients were followed-up after microwave ablation to evaluate residual tumor and recurrence of tumor by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The observation indices mainly included general data and imaging data of patients. Using the X-tile tools, patients were divided into two groups: a high aMAP score group and a low aMAP score group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted for comparison of independent risk factors.Results:Multivariate Cox regression showed that high aMAP score, maximum tumor diameter >20 mm, and high AFP were the independent risk factors of early recurrence (all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the median recurrence-free survival was 25.5 months in the low aMAP score group and 6.1 months in the high aMAP score group ( P=0.001). Conclusions:The aMAP score could predict the early recurrence within 1 year of small hepatocellular carcinoma after microwave ablation. Patients with high aMAP score should undergo rigorous postoperative follow-up evaluations..

Objective:To investigate the main postoperative complications, causes of death and the risk factors for survival in patient with benign end-stage lung diseases within 1 year after lung transplantation.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted to collect the clinical data of 200 patients with benign end-stage lung disease who underwent lung transplantation admitted to Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from May 2017 to October 2018. The main postoperative complications, survival and causes of death within 1 year after operation were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves, and the Log-Rank test was used to compare the influence of factors, including recipient's gender, use of marginal donor lung, primary disease, preoperative combination of moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension (PAH), intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, surgical methods, intraoperative massive blood loss, postoperative complications [infection, primary graft dysfunction (PGD), acute rejection], on 1-year survival in patients who underwent lung transplantation. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the risk factors of death within 1 year after lung transplantation.Results:Two hundred patients underwent successful lung transplantation. The major postoperative complications within 1 year after transplantation included infection in 131 patients, PGD in 20 patients, acute rejection in 57 patients, anastomotic complication in 26 patients and others (new onset diabetes, osteoporosis, etc.) in 53 patients. The 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year postoperative cumulative survival rates were 81.5%, 80.0% and 77.5%, respectively. Forty-five patients died during 1 year after operation, among whom 14 died of infection, 7 died of PGD, 8 died of acute rejection, 4 died of anastomotic complication, 3 died of cardio-cerebrovascular accident, 3 died of multiple organ failure, 2 died of respiratory failure and 4 died of other causes (traffic accident, etc.). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that recipient's gender, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) as the primary disease, preoperative combination of moderate and severe PAH, intraoperative ECMO support, intraoperative massive blood loss, postoperative complications (infection, PGD, acute rejection) were influencing factors for postoperative 1-year survival rate. The multivariate Cox regression model showed that male was the protective factor [hazard ratio ( HR) = 0.481, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.244-0.947, P = 0.034], IPF as the primary disease ( HR = 2.667, 95% CI was 1.222-5.848, P = 0.014), intraoperative use of ECMO support ( HR = 1.538, 95% CI was 0.787-3.012, P = 0.028), massive blood loss during surgery ( HR = 2.026, 95% CI was 0.976-4.205, P = 0.045) and postoperative infection ( HR = 3.138, 95% CI was 1.294-7.608, P = 0.011), PGD ( HR = 1.604, 95% CI was 0.464-5.539, P = 0.004), and acute rejection ( HR = 1.897, 95% CI was 0.791-4.552, P = 0.015) were the independent risk factors for death within 1 year after transplantation. Conclusions:One-year survival rates after lung transplantation are affected by recipient's gender, primary disease, preoperative combination of moderate and severe PAH, intraoperative ECMO support, intraoperative massive blood loss, and postoperative complications (infection, PGD, acute rejection). The male is the protective factor, while IPF as the primary disease, intraoperative ECMO support, massive blood loss during surgery and postoperative complications (infection, PGD, acute rejection) are independent risk factors for death within 1 year after lung transplantation.