ObjectiveTo investigate the intervention effects and mechanisms of the flavonoid hyperoside （Hyp） on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced inflammation in the zebrafish model. MethodsZebrafish larvae were either microinjected with 0.5 g·L^-1 LPS or immersed in 1 g·L^-1 LPS for the modeling of inflammation. The larvae were then treated with Hyp at 25， 50， and 100 mg·L^-1 through immersion for four consecutive days. The inflammatory phenotypes were assessed by analyzing the mortality rate， malformation rate， body length， and yolk sac area ratio. Behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate the inflammatory stress responses， and macrophage migration was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Additionally， the mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes， including interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 （CCL2）， chemokine C-X3-C motif receptor 1 （CX3CR1）， chemokine C-C motif receptor 2 （CCR2）， and genes associated with the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway， were measured by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）. ResultsCompared with the pure water injection group， the model group exhibited increased mortality， malformation rates and yolk sac area ratio （P0.01）， reduced body length （P0.01）， increased total swimming distance and high-speed swimming duration （P0.01）， and up-regulated mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， IL-1β， IL-6， CCL2， CX3CR1， and CCR2 （P0.01）. Hyp at low， medium and high doses， as well as aspirin， reduced the mortality and malformation rates （P0.05，P0.01）， increased the body length （P0.05，P0.01）， decreased the yolk sac area ratio （P0.01）， reduced the high-speed swimming duration （P0.01）， and down-regulated the mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， IL-1β， IL-6， CCL2， CX3CR1， and CCR2 （P0.05，P0.01） compared with the model group. ConclusionHyp may modulate the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway to ameliorate inflammatory phenotypes and alleviate stress conditions in zebrafish， thereby exerting the anti-inflammatory effect.

Objective:To explore the causes and preventive measures of respiratory arrest following general anesthesia in children with obstructive sleep apnea （OSA）, in order to enhance the safety of OSA surgeries under general anesthesia. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and follow-up data of four pediatric cases that experienced respiratory arrest after general anesthesia for OSA at Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University from March 2020 to March 2022. Results:All four children exhibited varying degrees of decreased blood oxygen saturation, cyanosis, and loss of consciousness after OSA surgery under general anesthesia, with one case experiencing respiratory and cardiac arrest. Through emergency rescue measures such as oxygen supplementation, suctioning, positive pressure ventilation, awakening, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, all four children were stabilized. Follow-up after 2 to 6 months showed no complications. The main reasons for the occurrence are analyzed as: residual anesthetic drugs, characteristics of the OSA disease, and the unique aspects of the pediatric population. Conclusion:Children undergoing general anesthesia for OSA should be closely monitored for vital signs after surgery. If respiratory suppression occurs, active rescue measures should be taken to avoid serious consequences.
Humans ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/surgery* ; Anesthesia, General/adverse effects* ; Retrospective Studies ; Child ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control* ; Male ; Female ; Child, Preschool

This case report outlines the treatment of an 11-year-old female who underwent adenotonsillectomy six years ago for snoring but experienced postoperative inefficacy. Her symptoms worsened two weeks before readmission, with increased snoring and sleep apnea, disabling her from lying down to sleep. She was readmitted on December 1, 2023, and diagnosed with severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and hypercapnia. Automatic BiPAP alleviated her symptoms, with sleep breathing parameters normalizing during treatment. Follow-up at one month showed significant acceleration in her growth and resolution of her hypersomnolence issue.
Humans ; Female ; Child ; Hypercapnia/complications* ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications* ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Noninvasive Ventilation

Sleep deprivation refers to the loss of sleep caused by self-inflicted or external factors. There is increasing evidence that pregnancy is prone to sleep deprivation, which not only disrupts maternal functions but also affects offspring′s cognitive function. This article reviews the effects of sleep deprivation during pregnancy on offspring cognition and its underlying mechanisms, in order to establish a foundation for developing scientifically sound sleep strategies during pregnancy and to provide clinical insights for improving the neurodevelopment and cognitive function of offspring.

OBJECTIVE: To standardize and guide the formulation process of guideline and guarantee the evidence-based formulation of Rapid Advice Guideline for Intravenous Azithromycin in Pediatrics scientifically. METHODS: The protocol of the guideline was introduced, such as guideline-making institution and registration, establishment of project group, scope of application, declaration of interest and funding support, identification of the clinical issues and outcome indexes, evidence retrieval and processing, invastigation of patients preferences and values, economics analysis, development of recommendation, external review and approval, guideline release, dissemination and update, etc. RESULTS: The construction of guidance committee, expert group and secretarial group, the registration (registration number: IPGRP-2016CN013) of the guideline had been achieved according to this protocol; clinical issues (such as indications, usage and dosage, ADR and treatment, drug use in special population) and effectiveness, safety outcome indexes had been formed. The recommendations have been issued by the end of 2017; the full text and interpretation of the guideline will be published in 2018; the guideline will be updated in 2022. CONCLUSIONS: This protocol provides the methodological and programmatic guide and provides reference for evidence-based formulation of the guideline scientifically so as to promote clinical rational drug use.

Objective: To optimize the preparation technique for bifonazole suppositories and evaluate the quality.Methods: The appearance, hardness and melting time of suppositories were used as the evaluation indices to optimize the process conditions, such as suppository matrix, drug particle size, injection molding temperature and stirring conditions, etc.The content of bifonazole was determined by HPLC.Results: The best formula was as follows: the matrix was multiplicated monofatty glyceride-36, bifonazole was sieved by 100 mesh sieve and the best molding temperature was 45 ℃.The quality of the prepared suppositories with the above conditions was controllable in the appearance, melting time limit, hardness and content determination, etc.Conclusion: The formula of bifonazole suppositories is reasonable, the preparation process is feasible, and the quality control methods are reliable.

Objective To investigate the effects of underwater operation and subsea environment on the awareness of oceanauts,through recording the electroencephalogram(EEG) of the oceanauts at different time points and the subjective sense of stress during submerged operation and by quantitatively analyzing the changes in α-wave attenuation coefficient(AAC) and subjective sensation of fatigue with α-wave attenuation test(AAT).Methods Six "Jiaolong" oceanauts were involved in the experiment.EEGs of the oceanauts were recorded at 3 different time points,i.e.before submergence,at hour 1.5 and 2.5,and AAC was analyzed statistically.At the same time,the subjective sense of stress of the oceanauts was evaluated by using visual analogue scale (VAS).Results AAC(3.0 ± 1.2) of the oceanauts at hour 1.5 during submerged operation was increased to some extent,as compared with the control value (2.5 ± 1.5) before submergence,but without statistical significance(P ＞ 0.05).After 2.5 h submerged operation,the AAC (0.7 ± 0.2) was significantly decreased,as compared with those of the pre-submerged control value and the value detected at hour 1.5 (P ＜ 0.05),with statistical significance(P ＞0.05).The subjective sense of stress of the oceanauts after 1.5 h(1.3 ± 1.0)and 2.5 h (1.4 ± 1.1) submerged operation was significantly increased,as compared with the control value (0.5 ±0.7) before submergence,and statistical significance could be seen,when comparisons were made between them (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Continuous underwater operation for 2.5 hours could obviously decrease the awareness of the oceanauts in the manned submersible and at the same time increase the sense of stress,indicating that submerged operation had certain effects on the awareness of the oceanauts.

Objective To investigate the effects of underwater operation and subsea environment on the awareness of oceanauts,through recording the electroencephalogram(EEG) of the oceanauts at different time points and the subjective sense of stress during submerged operation and by quantitatively analyzing the changes in α-wave attenuation coefficient(AAC) and subjective sensation of fatigue with α-wave attenuation test(AAT).Methods Six "Jiaolong" oceanauts were involved in the experiment.EEGs of the oceanauts were recorded at 3 different time points,i.e.before submergence,at hour 1.5 and 2.5,and AAC was analyzed statistically.At the same time,the subjective sense of stress of the oceanauts was evaluated by using visual analogue scale (VAS).Results AAC(3.0 ± 1.2) of the oceanauts at hour 1.5 during submerged operation was increased to some extent,as compared with the control value (2.5 ± 1.5) before submergence,but without statistical significance(P ＞ 0.05).After 2.5 h submerged operation,the AAC (0.7 ± 0.2) was significantly decreased,as compared with those of the pre-submerged control value and the value detected at hour 1.5 (P ＜ 0.05),with statistical significance(P ＞0.05).The subjective sense of stress of the oceanauts after 1.5 h(1.3 ± 1.0)and 2.5 h (1.4 ± 1.1) submerged operation was significantly increased,as compared with the control value (0.5 ±0.7) before submergence,and statistical significance could be seen,when comparisons were made between them (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Continuous underwater operation for 2.5 hours could obviously decrease the awareness of the oceanauts in the manned submersible and at the same time increase the sense of stress,indicating that submerged operation had certain effects on the awareness of the oceanauts.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning ( HBOP ) on human energy metabolism and antioxidant under acute hypoxia exposure , so as to provide new measures for the improvement of physical performance in those with acute hypoxia .Methods Eight healthy subjects had respectively 3-day, 5-day and 7-day HBOP, then, they underwent acute exposure to a simulated high altitude of 4 000 m.Exercise load experiments were conducted both before and after HBOP .Levels of glucose ( Glu), blood lactate ( BLA) , lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) were detected both before and after physical exercises .Results Following HBOP , no significant changes could be noticed in Glu level in the subjects , who underwent simulated 4 000 m physical exercise and its level remained relatively high during exposure(P>0.05).During exposure to hypoxia at an altitude of 4 000 m, BLA level both at rest and under physical exercise[(3.3 ±0.8)、(6.7 ±2.0) mmol/L] elevated signficantly, as compared with that at the sea level[(2.4 ±0.7)mmol/L], and statistical differences could be noted , when comparisons were made between them(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Following 7-day HBOP, the BLA levels after physical load [(4.5 ±1.3)mmol/L] were significantly decreased , as compared with those detected at 4 000 m, and at the same time, LDH activity was obviously elevated, with statistical significance(P<0.05).As compared with that of the control value at 4 000 m[(6.7 ±2.0) mmol/L], LDH levels after 3-day and 7-day HBOP were increased to some extent, which were equivalent to the control value at the sea level .After HBOP, GSH levels both at rest and under physical exercise were almost the same as that of the sea level , without statistical signficance (P<0.05). And no statistical significace could be seen in the changes of nergy metabolism , when comparisons were made between them (P <0.05).Conclusions Before acute hypoxia exposure, 3-day HBOP would enable the human body under physical load to maintain Glu at a relatively high level , increase LDH activity and help to decrease BLA level signfificantly , and at the same time , help to maintain the level of antioxidant at the sea level.For this reason, HBOP seemed to have positive effects on anti-oxidation, anti-fatigue and enhancement of physical performance under acute hypoxia .

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning ( HBOP ) on human energy metabolism and antioxidant under acute hypoxia exposure , so as to provide new measures for the improvement of physical performance in those with acute hypoxia .Methods Eight healthy subjects had respectively 3-day, 5-day and 7-day HBOP, then, they underwent acute exposure to a simulated high altitude of 4 000 m.Exercise load experiments were conducted both before and after HBOP .Levels of glucose ( Glu), blood lactate ( BLA) , lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) were detected both before and after physical exercises .Results Following HBOP , no significant changes could be noticed in Glu level in the subjects , who underwent simulated 4 000 m physical exercise and its level remained relatively high during exposure(P>0.05).During exposure to hypoxia at an altitude of 4 000 m, BLA level both at rest and under physical exercise[(3.3 ±0.8)、(6.7 ±2.0) mmol/L] elevated signficantly, as compared with that at the sea level[(2.4 ±0.7)mmol/L], and statistical differences could be noted , when comparisons were made between them(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Following 7-day HBOP, the BLA levels after physical load [(4.5 ±1.3)mmol/L] were significantly decreased , as compared with those detected at 4 000 m, and at the same time, LDH activity was obviously elevated, with statistical significance(P<0.05).As compared with that of the control value at 4 000 m[(6.7 ±2.0) mmol/L], LDH levels after 3-day and 7-day HBOP were increased to some extent, which were equivalent to the control value at the sea level .After HBOP, GSH levels both at rest and under physical exercise were almost the same as that of the sea level , without statistical signficance (P<0.05). And no statistical significace could be seen in the changes of nergy metabolism , when comparisons were made between them (P <0.05).Conclusions Before acute hypoxia exposure, 3-day HBOP would enable the human body under physical load to maintain Glu at a relatively high level , increase LDH activity and help to decrease BLA level signfificantly , and at the same time , help to maintain the level of antioxidant at the sea level.For this reason, HBOP seemed to have positive effects on anti-oxidation, anti-fatigue and enhancement of physical performance under acute hypoxia .