OBJECTIVE To promote the application of drones in emergency rescue and related fields， expand “low-altitude+ medical” rescue services， and advance the standardization of “low-altitude+medical” distribution services. METHODS The Consensus on Low-altitude Transport and Delivery Services for Emergency Medicines via Drones （2025 Edition） （hereinafter referred to as the Consensus） was jointly initiated by the Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring， Chinese Pharmacological Society and the Expert Committee on Precision Medication of the Guangdong Pharmaceutical Association. Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital served as the leading unit， organizing 53 multidisciplinary experts nationwide to participate in drafting and reviewing. A nominal group technique was employed to discuss and finalize the consensus outline， resulting in a preliminary draft. Delphi method was employed， and 11 external review experts were invited to conduct the evaluation. After the experts’ opinions were analyzed and integrated， the Consensus was finalized. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The finalized Consensus includes its purpose， principles， and applicable scenarios， basic requirements， and operational procedures for low-altitude transport and delivery of emergency medications； distribution requirements and precautions for controlled substances， fragile medications， and temperature-sensitive medications； and recommendations for emergency medications supplies suitable for the low-altitude transportation and distribution. The release of this Consensus is expected to provide guidance and support for the standardization of “low-altitude+medical” distribution services and the application of low-altitude economy in the healthcare sector.

ObjectiveTo investigate the intervention effects and mechanisms of the flavonoid hyperoside （Hyp） on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced inflammation in the zebrafish model. MethodsZebrafish larvae were either microinjected with 0.5 g·L^-1 LPS or immersed in 1 g·L^-1 LPS for the modeling of inflammation. The larvae were then treated with Hyp at 25， 50， and 100 mg·L^-1 through immersion for four consecutive days. The inflammatory phenotypes were assessed by analyzing the mortality rate， malformation rate， body length， and yolk sac area ratio. Behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate the inflammatory stress responses， and macrophage migration was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Additionally， the mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes， including interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 （CCL2）， chemokine C-X3-C motif receptor 1 （CX3CR1）， chemokine C-C motif receptor 2 （CCR2）， and genes associated with the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway， were measured by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）. ResultsCompared with the pure water injection group， the model group exhibited increased mortality， malformation rates and yolk sac area ratio （P0.01）， reduced body length （P0.01）， increased total swimming distance and high-speed swimming duration （P0.01）， and up-regulated mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， IL-1β， IL-6， CCL2， CX3CR1， and CCR2 （P0.01）. Hyp at low， medium and high doses， as well as aspirin， reduced the mortality and malformation rates （P0.05，P0.01）， increased the body length （P0.05，P0.01）， decreased the yolk sac area ratio （P0.01）， reduced the high-speed swimming duration （P0.01）， and down-regulated the mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， IL-1β， IL-6， CCL2， CX3CR1， and CCR2 （P0.05，P0.01） compared with the model group. ConclusionHyp may modulate the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway to ameliorate inflammatory phenotypes and alleviate stress conditions in zebrafish， thereby exerting the anti-inflammatory effect.

Background Precise prevention and control refers to the means of dividing a large area into several small areas, clarifying the disease information in each small area, and carrying out prevention and control program in the small areas accordingly. It is an important starting point for a comprehensive prevention and control program targeting liver cancer, which can make the prevention and control of liver cancer more accurate and efficient. At present, most of the mainstream research on liver cancer prevention and control at home and abroad is only on the provincial and municipal level, which is difficult to meet the requirements of precise prevention and control. Objective Taking S County, a typical county in Central China as an example, to explore the temporal and spatial distribution of liver cancer and environmental health risks at the township scale, so as to provide scientific reference for developing precise prevention and control program. Methods Based on the liver cancer data in the tumor registry data and related environmental variables of S County from 2009 to 2018, a spatiotemporal analysis was carried out by using geographic information system mapping, global Moran index analysis, and cold and hot spot detection. The correlations between liver cancer and various environmental factors [fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), aerosol optical depth (AOD), temperature, precipitation, proportion of cultivated land, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), population density, and per capita gross domestic product (GDP)] in S County were preliminarily evaluated by using geodetectors. The environmental factors and their cumulative exposure years that were closely related to the liver cancer in S County were investigated by random forest model. On this basis, the towns were categorized based on total, age-specified, and gender-specified incidences of liver cancer through quartile ranking, and precise prevention and control suggestions were proposed. Results ZD, HD and BYJ had the highest incidence rates of liver cancer, and the average annual incidence rate was 628/10⁵, 58.28/10⁵, and 40.21/ 10⁵, respectively. In addition to the above three townships, LW was a high incidence area of liver cancer in male population and people under the age of 60 years, whose average annual incidence rate was 50.47/10⁵ and 10.59/10⁵, respectively, while LianC was a high incidence area of liver cancer in female population and people aged 60 years and above, whose average annual incidence was 23.39/10⁵ and 131.10/10⁵ respectively. The incidence of liver cancer was closely related to population density, GDP per capita, NDVI, and AOD, and their importance indicators were 0.92, 0.50, 0.43, and 0.36, respectively. The average time interval between continuous exposure to dangerous environmental factors and the diagnosis of liver cancer was 10 years. Conclusion HD, ZD, and BYJ of S County should vigorously carry out liver cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment in the follow-up prevention and control, while HD and LW should continue to implement environmental protection. LW needs to strengthen the prevention and treatment of liver cancer in male population and population under 60 years old. LianC needs to strengthen the prevention and control of liver cancer in female population and people of and over 60 years of age. The towns around HD need to prevent the sudden outbreak of liver cancer. In addition, it is also necessary to strengthen the willingness of people in the county, especially those of and over 60 years old, to participate in liver cancer screening. This study provides important reference for the analysis of environmental health effects at a fine scale and for the prevention and control of liver cancer and environmental protection in different populations.

Objective To explore the protective effect and related mechanism of Compound Baimai Powder(CBMP,a compound description of Mongolian medicine)on astrocytes after oxygen glu-cose deprivation and reoxygenation(OGD/R)injury.Methods Astrocyte model of OGD/R injury was subjected to simulate in vitro cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Cultured astrocytes were randomly divided into normal group,OGD/R group,OGD/R+nimodipine group(10 μmol/L),OGD/R+low-and high-dose CBMP groups(25,50 μmol/L).Cell viability and apoptosis were de-tected with CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Western blotting was used to measure the expression levels of the proteins related to the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2(NRF2)/antioxidant response element and Janus kinase(J AK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signaling pathways.ELISA was employed to examine the levels of inflam-matory factors IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α,as well as oxidative stress molecules ROS,GSH,MDA and SOD.Results Compared to the normal group,the OGD/R group showed significant decreases in cell viability,NRF2 protein level,and SOD and GSH activities(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and obvious increases in p-JAK and p-STAT proteins levels,contents of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α,and ROS and MDA levels(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).High-dose CBMP treatment resulted in notably elevated cell via-bility and NRF2 protein level,while reduced levels of p-JAK[(1.20±0.20)vs(2.50±0.26)]and p-STAT[(1.15±0.25)vs(2.10±0.21)]proteins,IL-6[(30.33±5.20)vs(180.35±18.50)]and TNF-α[(50.12±8.24)vs(160.45±15.20)]when compared to the OGD/R group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion CBMP exerts protective effect on astrocytes against OGD/R injury.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of visual and auditory sustained attention and sex differences in pupils of different grades.Method:Totally 231 students from grades 1 to 6 participated in this stud-y.The development and sex differences of sustained attention were measured by average reaction times,coefficients of variation for reaction times,omission error rates and commission error rates in visual and auditory two-choice re-action time(CRT)tasks.Result:The students in grade 5 had significantly slower visual average reaction times and coefficients of variation for reaction times(P＜0.001 or P＜0.05)than those in grade 3.The students in grade 5 had significantly lower auditory average reaction times,coefficients of variation for reaction times,omission error rates and commission error rates(P＜0.001 or P＜0.01)than those in grade 1.There was no significant sex differ-ences in visual or auditory average reaction times,coefficients of variation for reaction times or omission error rates(Ps＞0.05).Conclusion:There would be age differences in characteristics of both visual and auditory sustained at-tention in pupils,and may be no sex difference in visual or auditory sustained attention.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of visual and auditory sustained attention and sex differences in pupils of different grades.Method:Totally 231 students from grades 1 to 6 participated in this stud-y.The development and sex differences of sustained attention were measured by average reaction times,coefficients of variation for reaction times,omission error rates and commission error rates in visual and auditory two-choice re-action time(CRT)tasks.Result:The students in grade 5 had significantly slower visual average reaction times and coefficients of variation for reaction times(P＜0.001 or P＜0.05)than those in grade 3.The students in grade 5 had significantly lower auditory average reaction times,coefficients of variation for reaction times,omission error rates and commission error rates(P＜0.001 or P＜0.01)than those in grade 1.There was no significant sex differ-ences in visual or auditory average reaction times,coefficients of variation for reaction times or omission error rates(Ps＞0.05).Conclusion:There would be age differences in characteristics of both visual and auditory sustained at-tention in pupils,and may be no sex difference in visual or auditory sustained attention.

Objective To explore the protective effect and related mechanism of Compound Baimai Powder(CBMP,a compound description of Mongolian medicine)on astrocytes after oxygen glu-cose deprivation and reoxygenation(OGD/R)injury.Methods Astrocyte model of OGD/R injury was subjected to simulate in vitro cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Cultured astrocytes were randomly divided into normal group,OGD/R group,OGD/R+nimodipine group(10 μmol/L),OGD/R+low-and high-dose CBMP groups(25,50 μmol/L).Cell viability and apoptosis were de-tected with CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Western blotting was used to measure the expression levels of the proteins related to the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2(NRF2)/antioxidant response element and Janus kinase(J AK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signaling pathways.ELISA was employed to examine the levels of inflam-matory factors IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α,as well as oxidative stress molecules ROS,GSH,MDA and SOD.Results Compared to the normal group,the OGD/R group showed significant decreases in cell viability,NRF2 protein level,and SOD and GSH activities(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and obvious increases in p-JAK and p-STAT proteins levels,contents of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α,and ROS and MDA levels(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).High-dose CBMP treatment resulted in notably elevated cell via-bility and NRF2 protein level,while reduced levels of p-JAK[(1.20±0.20)vs(2.50±0.26)]and p-STAT[(1.15±0.25)vs(2.10±0.21)]proteins,IL-6[(30.33±5.20)vs(180.35±18.50)]and TNF-α[(50.12±8.24)vs(160.45±15.20)]when compared to the OGD/R group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion CBMP exerts protective effect on astrocytes against OGD/R injury.

Objective Meta-analysis was used to summarize the current status of medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to clarify the characteristics of people with low medication adherence.Methods Relevant literatures were searched in Pubmed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase,CINAHL,CBM,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,and VIP.Two researchers conducted literature screening,data extraction and quality evaluation.Stata 16.0 software was used for subgroup analysis,sensitivity analysis,offset analysis.Results A total of 42 papers were included,and the overall medication adherence of middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetes patients ranged from 18.37%-96.53%.The medication adherence was higher among those with high education level(63%),married(61%),not living alone(50%),monthly income>3000 RMB/month(64%),having medical insurance(49%),good psychological status(61%),no chronic co-morbidities(66%),having knowledge about the disease(53%),taking≤3 types of medication(58%),convenient access to medical care(58%),and good doctor-patient relationship(50%).Conclusion The medication adherence of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus varies greatly among different subgroups.In the future,the specific influencing factors should be further explored to formulate targeted policies and intervention measures to improve patients'medication adherence and improve their health and quality of life.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of non-pharmaceutical intervention(NPI)for depression in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods Randomized controlled trials of NPI in treatment of depression patients with MCI published in PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,CINAHL,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP and CBM databases were searched from self-built databases to January 6,2024,and performed a network Meta-analysis using Stata 14.0 software.Results A total of 55 literatures were included,involving 10 NPIs.According to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA),the top 3 curative effects were cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT),Chinese traditional sport(CTS)and art therapy,the top 3 acceptability were CBT,CTS,and health education.Conclusion CBT and CTS may be effective and acceptable NPI for improving depression in patients with MCI,and individualized interventions can be tailored to the patient's situation to achieve the best results.

Objective To evaluate the influencing factors of loneliness in older adults.Methods Embase,Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,VIP,CNKI,Wanfang data and SinoMed were searched for research studies on loneliness in older adults from the establishment of the database to February 2024,and performed Meta-analysis using Stata 14.0 software.Results A total of 32 studies involving 46 439 lonely older adults were included,and 19 influencing factors were extracted.The result of Meta-analysis showed that being female,having low literacy,having chronic diseases,having poor health self-assessment,having depression,having fewer social activities,having poor economic status,having low social support,having poor marital status,having fewer social contacts,and living alone were the influencing factors of loneliness among older adults(P＜0.05).Conclusions There are a number of influencing factors that contribute to loneliness in older adults,which can be targeted for interventions to improve mental health issues in older adults.