Objective:To document any effect of combining kinesiotaping (KT) with Monitored Rehab Systems biofeedback training (MRS training) on the recovery of knee function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).Methods:Twenty-two patients after ACLR were randomly divided into an MRS group and a combined group, each of 11. In addition to conventional rehabilitation training, the MRS group had placebo taping in place during their MRS training, while the combined group had KT applied. Each training session lasted 45 minutes, with three sessions per week. Before the experiment and after 8 weeks of treatment, the affected foot support phase, impulse of each area of the affected foot′s sole, and lower limb reaction time were measured.Results:Significant improvement in the affected foot′s support phase and lower limb reaction time was documented in both groups, as well as in the average impulse percentage of the affected foot′s plantar forefoot area (F area), mid-foot area (MF area), and heel area (H area). All were significantly better in the combined group than in the MRS group, on average.Conclusion:Supplementing MRS biofeedback training with kinesiotaping can more effectively improve the knee joint functioning and postural control of patients after ACLR surgery. The combination is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective:This study aims to compare the antiviral treatment similarities and differences in the population covered by the 2024 version of the World Health Organization's (WHO) hepatitis B prevention and treatment guidelines and the current Chinese hepatitis B prevention and treatment guidelines, so as to explore their impact on the indications for antiviral therapy in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods:The information of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection who did not receive antiviral treatment was collected through the registration database of the China Clinical Research Platform for Hepatitis B Elimination. Descriptive statistics were conducted on the demographic, blood, biochemical, and virological levels of patients according to the treatment recommendations of the two versions of the guidelines. The Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test were used to compare the differences and proportional distribution of the treatment populations covered by the two guidelines. The χ2 test was used to analyze the coverage rate of different antiviral treatment indications.Results:A total of 21,134 CHB patients without antiviral treatment were enrolled. 69.4% of patients met the 2024 versions of the WHO guidelines' recommendations. 85.0% of patients met the current Chinese hepatitis B prevention and treatment guidelines. The WHO guidelines for antiviral therapy indications were met in younger patients with higher levels of ALT, AST, and APRI scores, as well as greater proportion of patients with higher viral loads (P<0.001). The WHO guidelines recommended a cut-off value of APRI>0.5, which raised the proportion of patients on antiviral therapy from 6.6% to 30.9%. 45.7% of patients met the antiviral indications for HBV DNA >2000 IU/ml with abnormal transaminase (ALT>30 U/L for males and ALT>19 U/L for females). The reduced APRI diagnostic cut-off value and ALT treatment threshold had further increased the treatment coverage rate by 91.6% in patients with chronic HBV infection in line with the 2024 versions of WHO guidelines.Conclusion:The reduction of the APRI diagnostic cut-off value and the ALT treatment threshold, based on the current hepatitis B guidelines of China, will further improve the treatment coverage of CHB patients.

Objective To analyze and identify the volatile constituents in different parts(flowers,stems and leaves)of Huai chrysanthemumin,and to lay a theoretical foundation for the comprehensive utilization for it.Methods The volatile oil in different parts of Huai chrysanthemumin were extracted by hydrodistillation,respectively.Their constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The compounds were identified by library search and literature screening.The relative percentage of each compound was obtained by the area normalization method.The differences in their chemical compositions were analyzed by Venn diagram,principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster heat map analysis.Results A total of 62 volatile chemical components were identified from different parts of Huai chrysanthemumin,including monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes,and their derivatives,as well as a small amount of aliphatic compounds.32,42 and 40 volatile components were detected from the flowers,stems and flowers,respectively.Furthermore 17 volatile components were shared by three parts,whereas 5,6 and 16 volatile components were unique to the flowers,stems and leaves,respectively.The results of stoichiometric analysis showed that both PCA and cluster heat map analysis could separate the flowers,stems and leaves,and their volatile components were different.Conclusion The types and contents of the volatile oil in the stems,leaves and flowers of Huai chrysanthemumin have certain variability,which provide a scientific basis for the further medicinal or industrial exploitation of different parts of Huai chrysanthemumin.

Objective:Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been reported as the leading cause of blindness among diabetic adults, which is closely related to poor quality of life and increased burden of disability. This study aimed to aggregate the optimally available evidence on modifiable risks of DR.Methods:Until June 2023, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were used to retrieve Meta-analysis about various risk factors for DR, and Meta-analysis were analyzed and summarized. R 4.3.2 software was used for each Meta-analytic association to calculate the effect size, 95% CI, heterogeneity, small-study effects, excess significance bias, and 95% prediction intervals. The credibility of significant evidence was graded. Results:We captured 23 eligible papers (72 associations) covering a wide range of medication use, concomitant diseases, daily intervention, biomarkers, lifestyle, and physical measurement index. Among them, higher HbA1c variability ( RR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.26-1.66) and urine microalbumin positive ( OR=2.44, 95% CI: 1.99-2.97) were convincing (grade Ⅰ) evidence, and insulin use ( RR=3.48, 95% CI: 2.14-5.67) was highly suggestive (grade Ⅱ) evidence. Moreover, hypertension ( OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.06-3.97), poor glycemic control ( OR=4.35, 95% CI: 1.47-12.85), positive macroalbuminuria ( OR=8.42, 95% CI: 3.52-20.15), long sleep duration ( OR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.37-3.05), vitamin D deficiency ( OR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.17-3.50), periodontitis ( OR=4.51, 95% CI: 1.76-11.55) were the main risk factors for DR. Intensive blood pressure intervention ( RR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.65-0.94), dietary control ( OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.47-0.89) and moderate intensity physical activity ( RR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.97) yielded significant protective associations with DR. Conclusions:Intensive blood pressure glycemic control, and a healthy lifestyle pattern could reduce the risk of DR. This study provides the evidence to identify high-risk populations and recommends rational treatment options and healthy living interventions.

Objective:To prepare rabbit polyclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) N protein and use them as the detection antibodies to establish a N-ELISA-based method for rapid detection of neutralizing antibodies.Methods:A plasmid of pET30a-N for the expression of RSV N protein was constructed. After purification, the protein was immunized into New Zealand rabbits to prepare polyclonal antibodies, which were used as the detection antibodies. Positive serum samples were diluted and used to neutralize RSV (100 TCID 50/well). Hep-2 cells were inoculated and cultured, and then the cells were fixed with 80% acetone. ELISA was performed to detect RSV N protein in infected cells. When the absorbance value of a well was below the cut-off value, it was regarded as the positive well in the neutralization test. The highest dilution of a positive well serum was the neutralizing antibody titer. After optimizting the antibody dilution, detection time, cell density and the duration of neutralization, the method for neutralizing antibody detection was established based on N-ELISA. The established method was verified by analyzing the influences of different cell generations and edge effects, and calculating the accuracy, repeatability and precision. The correlation between the established method and microneutralization method was analyzed by detecting human RSV IgG-positive serum. Results:The plasmid pET30a-N was successfully constructed, and the expressed N protein showed high purity and good specificity. After the third immunization, the antibody titer in rabbit serum was 1∶51 200, and the antibodies could specifically bind to RSV. The prepared rabbit anti-RSV N polyclonal antibodies had a titer of 1∶51 200, and showed good specificity. The neutralizing antibodies could be detected on day 4 with the established method, and the duration of neutralization was shortened to 30 min. Cell generations and the position of wells in the 96-well plate (edge well and non-edge well) had no significant effect on the method, and the repeatability, precision and accuracy of the method were good. In the detection of 64 RSV IgG-positive human serum samples by the established method and microneutralization method, the correlation coefficient was 0.929 6, indicating a good positive correlation between the two methods.Conclusions:A N-ELISA-based method for rapid neutralizing antibody detection is successfully established, which can be used to evaluate the serum antibody level after RSV vaccination.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of pharmacological inhibition of STING by C-176,a STING selective inhibitor,in experimental model of Parkinson's disease.METHODS The acute and sub-acute mice mod-els of Parkinson's disease(PD)were established by in-traperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-(2′-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophine(MPTP).The selective STING inhibitor C-176 was administered by intraperitoneal injec-tion.The potential neuroprotective effects of C-176 were evaluated by behavioral test,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)immunostaining,Nissl staining,Western blotting,qPCR and immunofluorescence.For in vitro study,the effects of C-176 on LPS/MPP+-induced inflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells were determined by real time RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis.RESULTS Our study revealed that C-176 significantly inhibited STING signaling activation,ameliorated MPTP-induced dopami-nergic neurotoxicity,motor deficit and associated neuroin-flammation.Furthermore,pharmacological inhibition of STING in BV2 microglia treated with LPS/MPP+ exhibited decreased inflammatory responses.More importantly,C176 also reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activation both in vitro and in vivo.CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of STING protects against neuroinflammation that may act at least in part through suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome acti-vation and thus ameliorated dopaminergic neurodegener-ation.STING signaling may holds great promise for the development of new treatment strategy for PD as an effective therapeutic target.

Patients with HBeAg-positive and negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have different immunological states and disease progression. Hence, the previously recommended antiviral therapy strategies for the two are different. In recent years, the antiviral indications have gradually eased, and the treatment goal has began to pursue clinical cure, as experts and scholars have gradually attached importance to the potential risk of disease progression in hepatitis B patients. Antiviral treatment strategies are gradually becoming uniform for patients with HBeAg-positive and negative. However, among them, HBeAg-negative patients can be combined with HBsAg quantification and other indicators to further screen the clinically cured dominant population in order to formulate the next treatment strategy.

Background/Aims: Existing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prediction models are derived mainly from pretreatment or early on-treatment parameters. We reassessed the dynamic changes in the performance of 17 HCC models in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during long-term antiviral therapy (AVT). Methods: Among 987 CHB patients administered long-term entecavir therapy, 660 patients had 8 years of follow-up data. Model scores were calculated using on-treatment values at 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 years of AVT to predict threeyear HCC occurrence. Model performance was assessed with the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). The original model cutoffs to distinguish different levels of HCC risk were evaluated by the log-rank test. Results: The AUROCs of the 17 HCC models varied from 0.51 to 0.78 when using on-treatment scores from years 2.5 to 5. Models with a cirrhosis variable showed numerically higher AUROCs (pooled at 0.65–0.73 for treated, untreated, or mixed treatment models) than models without (treated or mixed models: 0.61–0.68; untreated models: 0.51–0.59). Stratification into low, intermediate, and high-risk levels using the original cutoff values could no longer reflect the true HCC incidence using scores after 3.5 years of AVT for models without cirrhosis and after 4 years of AVT for models with cirrhosis. Conclusions The performance of existing HCC prediction models, especially models without the cirrhosis variable, decreased in CHB patients on long-term AVT. The optimization of existing models or the development of novel models for better HCC prediction during long-term AVT is warranted.

Hepatic fibrosis is a response to various types of hepatic injury, which can lead to cirrhosis and its complications. In recent years, in patients with viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune liver disease and others the fibrosis or even early cirrhosis can be regressed if the etiology are controlled. Liver biopsy is still the gold standard for assessing fibrosis reversal, but non-invasive methods such as transient elastography hold great promise due to the ease to use for dynamic monitoring. Mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis reversal include extracellular matrix degradation, hepatocyte regeneration, and vascular remodeling. Presently, novel agents targeting the steps of fibrosis are urgently need for achieving regression of liver fibrosis.

Objective:Our study aims to determine histological regression and clinical improvement after long-term antiviral therapy in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis patients.Methods:Treatment-na?ve chronic hepatitis B patients with histologically or clinically diagnosed liver cirrhosis were enrolled. Liver biopsies were performed after 5 years entecavir-based antiviral treatment. Patients were followed up every 6 months. Cirrhosis regression was evaluated based on Metavir system and P-I-R score. Clinical improvement was evaluated before and after the long-term treatment. Kruskal Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for continuous variables, Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables and multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis.Results:Totals of 73 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis were enrolled. Among them, 30 (41.1%) patients were biopsy proved liver cirrhosis and the remaining 43 (58.9%) cirrhotic patients were diagnosed by clinical features. Based on Metavir system and P-I-R score, 72.6% (53/73) patients attained histological regression. Furthermore, 30.1% (22/73) were defined as significant regression (Metavir decrease ≥2 stage), 42.5% (31/73) were mild regression (Metavir decrease 1 stage or predominantly regressive by P-I-R system if still cirrhosis after treatment) and 27.4% (20/73) were the non-regression. Compared to levels of clinical characteristics at baseline, HBV DNA, ALT, AST, liver stiffness(decreased from 12.7 to 6.4 kPa in significant regression, from 18.1 to 7.3 kPa in mild regression and from 21.4 to 11.2 kPa in non-regression)and Ishak-HAI score significantly decreased after 5 years of anti-HBV treatment, while serum levels of platelets and albumin improved remarkably ( P<0.05). In multivariate analysis, only the pre-treatment liver stiffness level was associated with significant regression ( OR=0.887, 95% CI: 0.802-0.981, P=0.020). Conclusions:After long-term antiviral therapy, patients with HBV-related cirrhosis are easily to attain improvements in clinical parameters, while a certain percentage of these patients still cannot achieve histological reversal.